李光瑞
大家知道,高中英語中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句比較簡單,因?yàn)樗休^為固定的結(jié)構(gòu),但同學(xué)們在面對這種句型時卻總是容易出錯。下面,我們來看看如何較好的掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
首先,弄清強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和成句原則。
其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was...that/who...,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某個成分時,就將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在It is/was...that/who中間。其成句原則是:當(dāng)It was/is...that/who去掉之后,剩下的句子仍然是一個完整的句子。
其次,弄清強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本類型只有兩種:一種是陳述強(qiáng)調(diào)句,一種是疑問強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
先說陳述強(qiáng)調(diào)句。要特別注意兩點(diǎn):當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時,用It is/was...who...,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)物時,用It is/was...that...。不過,無論強(qiáng)調(diào)人,還是強(qiáng)調(diào)物,只要句子陳述的是一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、一般將來時、將來進(jìn)行時,都用is;只要句子陳述的是一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時、過去完成進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去將來進(jìn)行時,都用was。例如:
Tom met your brother yesterday in the park. 湯姆昨天在公園遇見了你哥哥。
It was Tom who met your brother yesterday in the park. 正是湯姆昨天在公園遇見了你哥哥。
It was yesterday that Tom met your brother. 正是昨天湯姆在公園遇見了你哥哥。
It was in the park that Tom met your brother yesterday. 正是在公園湯姆昨天遇見了你哥哥。
再說疑問強(qiáng)調(diào)句。其句型結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問詞(What/Why/How/Where/When/Who)+ was/is it that...。例如:
What was it that made you sad? 究竟是什么讓你傷心?
When is it that we will set off? 我們究竟什么時候出發(fā)?
How was it that you got there? 你們究竟怎么到那里的?
注意, 當(dāng)這種疑問強(qiáng)調(diào)句充當(dāng)從句時,句子要變形成陳述句的語序,所以,這個結(jié)構(gòu)就變成為(What/Why/How/Where/When/Who)+it is/was that...。例如:
Can you tell me what it was that made you sad?你能告訴我究竟是什么讓你傷心嗎?
I dont know when it is that we will set off. 我不知道我們究竟什么時候出發(fā)。
第三,弄清易錯的兩點(diǎn):
1. 句型相似,句意有異。例如:
It was in the factory that my father used to work.我父親過去正是在這間工廠工作。
It was the factory where my father used to work.這是我父親過去工作過的工廠。
仔細(xì)觀察這兩個句子,前一個是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,后一個卻是定語從句。區(qū)分它們的關(guān)鍵是強(qiáng)調(diào)句里被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是一個介詞詞組,定語從句中was之后的是一個名詞。再如:
It was at 7 oclock that he came back yesterday. 他昨天正是在七點(diǎn)鐘回來的。
It was 7 oclock when he came back yesterday. 他昨天回來時是七點(diǎn)鐘。
再如,以下例句,不必分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),作為固定句型記下來。
It is the third time that Tony and his sisters have yawned; they must be sleepy. 這是托尼和他妹妹們第三次打呵欠了,他們一定困了。
It is a pity that he didnt take part in my birthday party. 真遺憾他沒參加我的生日晚會。
第一句:It is/was the first/second time that這是第幾次做……事情了,重點(diǎn)記住that從句中用完成時態(tài)。
第二句:It is a pity/a surprise/a shame/no wonder that...
類似的句型還有:
①It is necessary/important/strange that...
②Its said/reported/believed/knowned that...
③It occurred to/struck me that...
2. 意思相同,句型不同。下面這個句子有兩種翻譯方法,請注意它們的區(qū)別:直到我讀了你的信,我才理解了他的做法。
①It was not until I read your letter that I understood why he did so. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
②Not until I read the letter did I understand why he did so. (倒裝句)
1. I dont understand smoking is not allowed here.
我不理解究竟為什么這里不準(zhǔn)抽煙。
2. It he told me the truth I knew what had happened.
直到他告訴我真相我才明白發(fā)生了什么。
3. Can you tell me they went?
你能告訴我他們究竟去哪里了嗎?
4. made him so happy?
究竟是什么使得他如此開心?
5. It that they met on the corner of the street.
正是在那個陽光明媚的早晨,他們在街角相遇了。
6. According to the media, after Nelson Mandela passed away, it was in his hometown .
據(jù)媒體報道,納爾遜·曼德拉過世后,被葬在他的家鄉(xiāng)了。
1. why it is that
2. was not until...that
3. where it was that
4. What was it that
5. was on the sunny morning
6. that he was buried