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蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型大鼠皮層腦電圖的影響

2014-09-13 07:14范崇桂劉照
中國生化藥物雜志 2014年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:蓮心左乙拉西

范崇桂,劉照

(1.南陽市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,河南南陽473000;2.浙江大學(xué)臨床內(nèi)科,浙江杭州310027)

蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型大鼠皮層腦電圖的影響

范崇桂1,劉照2

(1.南陽市中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,河南南陽473000;2.浙江大學(xué)臨床內(nèi)科,浙江杭州310027)

目的本實驗旨在探討蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品致癲大鼠皮層腦電圖的影響,進(jìn)一步研究蓮心堿的抗癲癇作用譜。方法32只雄性SD大鼠隨機分為4組:低劑量蓮心堿組(2.5mg/mL)、高劑量蓮心堿組(5mg/mL)、生理鹽水組作為陰性對照組、左乙拉西坦組(100mg/mL)作為陽性對照組,每組8只。建立氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型。行為學(xué)確定建模成功后,將大鼠麻醉固定于立體定位儀,根據(jù)George Paxions圖譜將套管針插入左側(cè)側(cè)腦室,留置套管針備用。安置皮層腦電圖記錄電極。記錄腦電圖30min后,各組大鼠分別用微量注射器沿留置管緩慢注射不同濃度的蓮心堿、左乙拉西坦和生理鹽水各10μL,之后繼續(xù)記錄腦電圖150min。分別觀測給藥前30min與給藥后每30min癲癇樣放電次數(shù)的變化。記錄同組內(nèi)單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù),并進(jìn)行前后比較,以及比較同時段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化。結(jié)果低劑量蓮心堿組、高劑量蓮心堿組和左乙拉西坦組注射后單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)呈下降趨勢,其中低劑量蓮心堿組注射60min后下降具有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P<0.01)、高劑量蓮心堿組30min后下降有顯著性差異(P<0.01);左乙拉西坦組注射30min內(nèi)即有明顯降低(P<0.01);生理鹽水組注射后單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。蓮心堿組單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)與同時段左乙拉西坦組進(jìn)行比較,高劑量蓮心堿組注射后各時段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化與左乙拉西坦組比較均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;低劑量蓮心堿組注射后30~60min時間段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)沒有左乙拉西坦組減少明顯(P<0.05),其余各時段2組癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。結(jié)論蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型大鼠急性期皮層腦電圖癲癇樣放電具有抑制作用。

蓮心堿;氯化鋰;匹魯卡品;癲癇模型;皮層腦電圖

癲癇是一種古老而常見的腦部疾病,公元前400年希臘內(nèi)科醫(yī)師希波克拉底就首次對癲癇進(jìn)行了描述。19世紀(jì)末英國神經(jīng)病學(xué)家Jackson等指出癲癇是一種神經(jīng)細(xì)胞對肌肉沖動的發(fā)作性過度釋放,由此進(jìn)入了癲癇學(xué)的新紀(jì)元。目前人們認(rèn)識到癲癇包括多組疾病和綜合征,是由多種原因引起的一種慢性腦功能障礙性疾病[1]。本實驗繼續(xù)探討蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型大鼠皮層腦電圖癲癇樣放電的影響,并以明確對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型癲癇樣放電具有抑制作用的左乙拉西坦作為陽性對照,進(jìn)一步深入研究蓮心堿的抗癲癇作用譜。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料 實驗動物:健康雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠32只,SPF級,實驗起始體質(zhì)量(210±30)g,由華中科技大學(xué)同濟實驗動物中心提供[許可證號:SCXK(鄂)2004-0007]。

實驗藥品:匹魯卡品(pilocarpine,Pilo)美國FLUKA公司生產(chǎn),臨用前用生理鹽水配成1%溶液;氯化鋰(lithium chloride,LiCl2,武漢亦新生物技術(shù)有限公司生產(chǎn))臨用前用生理鹽水配成1%溶液;硫酸阿托品(蕪湖康奇制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),批號YCY078);烏拉坦(國藥集團(tuán)化學(xué)試劑有限公司生產(chǎn),51-79-6),臨用前用生理鹽水配成10%溶液;蓮心堿(liensinine,武漢李時珍藥業(yè)公司制備,5088-90-4)臨用前用生理鹽水稀釋成2.5、5 mg/mL,2種濃度的溶液;左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam tablets,Keppra比利時UCB公司生產(chǎn),H20110409)臨用前用生理鹽水配成10%溶液;生理鹽水華北制藥股份有限公司生產(chǎn)實驗儀器:RM6240生物信號采集處理系統(tǒng),成都儀器廠生產(chǎn);江灣Ⅱ型立體定向儀,第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)器材處生產(chǎn);微量進(jìn)樣器,上海安亭微量進(jìn)樣器廠生產(chǎn);不銹鋼套管針,武漢大學(xué)生理教研室提供,內(nèi)徑0.5mm,內(nèi)置硅膠管。

1.2 方法 32只雄性SD大鼠隨機分為4組:低劑量蓮心堿組(2.5mg/mL)、高劑量蓮心堿組(5 mg/mL)、生理鹽水組作為陰性對照組、左乙拉西坦組(100 mg/mL)作為陽性對照組,每組8只。建立氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型,實驗中嚴(yán)格遵循《實驗動物保護(hù)條例》。行為學(xué)確定建模成功后,將大鼠麻醉固定于立體定位儀,根據(jù)George Paxions圖譜將套管針插入左側(cè)側(cè)腦室,留置套管針備用。安置皮層腦電圖記錄電極。記錄腦電圖30min后,各組大鼠分別用微量注射器沿留置管緩慢注射不同濃度的蓮心堿、左乙拉西坦和生理鹽水各10μL,之后繼續(xù)記錄腦電圖150min。分別觀測給藥前30 min與給藥后每30 min癲癇樣放電次數(shù)的變化。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 實驗數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理。正態(tài)計量數(shù)據(jù)用“±s”表示,多樣本均數(shù)采用單因素方差分析;以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 正常大鼠皮層腦電圖和氯化鋰-匹魯卡品致癲大鼠皮層腦電圖 正常大鼠皮層腦電圖以α、θ波為主要波形,波幅小于75μV。氯化鋰-匹魯卡品致癲大鼠皮層腦電圖表現(xiàn)為成簇性發(fā)放的棘波、尖波節(jié)律以及棘-慢、尖-慢復(fù)合波等多種形式的癲癇樣放電(波幅100~1000μV,見圖1)。

圖1 大鼠皮層腦電圖Fig.1 Cortical EEG in rats

2.2 蓮心堿對癲癇模型皮層腦電圖癲癇樣放電的影響低劑量蓮心堿組和高劑量蓮心堿組注射后單位時間內(nèi)癲癇樣放電次數(shù)呈下降趨勢(見圖2),其中低劑量蓮心堿組注射60 min后下降具有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P<0.01)、高劑量蓮心堿組注射30min后下降有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P<0.01);左乙拉西坦組注射30min內(nèi)下降即有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P<0.01);生理鹽水組注射后單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(見圖3、表1)。高劑量蓮心堿組注射后各時段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化與左乙拉西坦組比較均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異;低劑量蓮心堿組注射后30~60 min時間段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)沒有左乙拉西坦組下降明顯(P<0.05),其余各時段2組癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(見表1)。

圖2 各組大鼠處理前后癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化趨勢圖Fig.2 Change trend chart of epileptic discharge frequency of rats in each group before and after processing

圖3 4組大鼠注射后皮層腦電圖Fig.3 Cortical EEG of rats in four groups after injection

表1 4組大鼠皮層腦電圖單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)變化(次)Tab.1 Epileptic discharge frequency changes of rats cortical EEG in unit time of four groups(times)

3 討論

癲癇是一組由于大腦神經(jīng)元過度異常放電所引起的以中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)短暫性功能失常為特征的慢性腦部疾病。其發(fā)病機制非常復(fù)雜,目前較一致的觀點認(rèn)為是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)興奮與抑制不平衡所致,而這種不平衡主要與離子通道、突觸傳遞及神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的改變有關(guān)。

蓮心堿是從中藥蓮子心中提出的一種雙芐基異喹啉單醚鍵型生物堿,首先在器官水平發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有廣泛的試驗性抗心律失常作用,進(jìn)一步在細(xì)胞及分子水平研究表明蓮心堿對心肌慢反應(yīng)動作電位及慢內(nèi)向電流有影響,可降低離體兔竇房結(jié)(SAN)起搏細(xì)胞慢反應(yīng)動作電位幅度(APA)及零相最大上升速率(Vmax),延長竇性心動周期時長(SCL);并可明顯拮抗Bayk8644增大SAN起搏細(xì)胞及高K+誘發(fā)的豚鼠乳頭肌慢反應(yīng)動作電位的APA和Vmax作用,抑制犬浦肯野纖維慢向內(nèi)流;蓮心堿還能使大鼠心肌細(xì)胞鈉內(nèi)流及L型鈣內(nèi)流降低,抑制鈉內(nèi)流、穩(wěn)態(tài)外向K+電流和L型鈣內(nèi)流的I-V曲線,并使后者的峰值電流電位略右移,從而提示蓮心堿對Na+、K+、Ca2+的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運有抑制作用[13-14]。

本實驗設(shè)計2個倍數(shù)劑量梯度的蓮心堿溶液側(cè)腦室注射,連續(xù)記錄150min,結(jié)果顯示蓮心堿組皮層腦電圖單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)呈下降趨勢(圖3),并且腦電圖上可見到癲癇樣放電的波幅亦較注射前有所下降;生理鹽水組注射后單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)無明顯變化。其中低劑量蓮心堿組注射60min后單位時間癲癇樣放電次數(shù)減少,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),高劑量蓮心堿組30min后減少,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表1)。實驗結(jié)果表明蓮心堿可以抑制氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇大鼠模型急性期的癲癇樣放電,并且在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)隨著劑量增大,蓮心堿的作用時間提前。

左乙拉西坦是一種新型的抗癲癇藥物,已經(jīng)被美國和歐盟批準(zhǔn)用于部分性發(fā)作和繼發(fā)性全身性發(fā)作的難治性癲癇的輔助治療[6]。左乙拉西坦對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇模型癲癇樣放電有明顯的影響,所以我們選用左乙拉西坦作為本實驗的陽性對照。實驗結(jié)果顯示除了低劑量蓮心堿組注射后30~60min時間段癲癇樣放電次數(shù)沒有左乙拉西坦組減少明顯以外(P=0.03),低劑量蓮心堿組其余時段與高劑量蓮心堿組所有時段與左乙拉西坦組相比均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。進(jìn)一步說明蓮心堿可以抑制氯化鋰-匹魯卡品模型急性期皮層腦電圖的癲癇樣放電,作用類似于左乙拉西坦。

綜上所述,在先前發(fā)現(xiàn)蓮心堿可以明顯抑制青霉素癲癇大鼠模型皮層腦電圖癲癇樣放電的基礎(chǔ)上,又證實了蓮心堿對氯化鋰-匹魯卡品癲癇大鼠模型皮層腦電圖癲癇樣放電具有抑制作用,功效同左乙拉西坦相當(dāng),進(jìn)一步證明蓮心堿具有抗癲癇作用。依據(jù)蓮心堿能夠抑制Na+、K+、Ca2+的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運,而阻滯電壓依賴性鈉、鈣離子通道是抗癲癇藥物的最重要機制之一,推測蓮心堿的抗癲癇作用機制可能與阻滯中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)細(xì)胞膜上的離子通道有關(guān),其具體途徑有待于下一步研究。

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(編校:譚玲)

Effect of liensinine on cortical EEG of epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine

FAN Chong-gui1,LIU Zhao2

(1.Department of Neurology,Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000,China;2.Department of Clinical Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of liensinine on cortical EEG of epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine,and investigate the effective spectrum of liensinine on epilepsy.Methods32 SD ratswere random ly divided into four groups:low dose of liensinine group(2.5mg/mL,10μL),high dose of liensinine group(5mg/mL,10μL),the normal saline group(10μL)which was negative control group,levetiracetam group(100 mg/mL,10μL)which was positive control group,8 rats in each group.Electrocorticogram of rats was recorded after chloride lithium-pilocarpinemodel was induced.The anesthetic ratswere fixed on stereotaxic apparatus after the epilepsy model was confirmed by ethology.A trochar was put into the left lateral ventricle.Rats were implanted with epidural recording electrodes.After the cortical EEG was recorded about 30 minutes,liensinine(at concentration of 2.5,5mg/mL),levetiracetam and 0.9%sodium chloride was injected into lateral ventricle.Electrocorticogram was recorded about150 minutes again.The frequency of epileptic discharge was observed every 30 minutes.The differences of frequency in the same group and the different change of frequency between groups at the same period were compared.ResultsThe frequency of epileptic discharge decreased in low dose of liensinine group,high dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group after administration,there was significantly statistical difference in low dose of liensinine group after administration about60 minutes(P<0.01),there was significant statistics difference in high dose of liensinine group after administration about 30 minutes(P<0.01),and the same change in levetiracetam group within 30 minutes after administration(P<0.01);the change of frequency of epileptic discharge was no significantly statistical difference between pro-and post-administration in the normal saline control group.The difference of the frequency change in epileptic discharge at the same period between liensinine group and levetiracetam group was observed,therewas statistic difference between low dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group at the period of thirty to sixtyminutes after administration,there was no statistic difference at other periods;there was no statistic difference between high dose of liensinine group and levetiracetam group at every period.ConclusionLiensininecould inhibit the epileptic discharges in acutemodel of epileptic rats induced by chloride lithium-pilocarpine.

liensinine;lithium chloride;pilocarpine;epilepsymodel;electrocorticogram

R724.1

A

1005-1678(2014)07-0049-04

高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點專項科研基金(20090101120121)

范崇桂,男,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,E-mail:qch1821460127@163.com。

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