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三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的合成與表征

2014-09-12 00:59修志明王德利徐天殊郭佑銘王麗萍
關(guān)鍵詞:粗品異丙醇硼酸

王 巍,修志明,王德利,徐天殊,郭佑銘,王麗萍

(1.長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)人文信息學(xué)院制藥工程系,長(zhǎng)春 130122;2.吉林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春 130012)

三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的合成與表征

王 巍1,修志明2,王德利2,徐天殊2,郭佑銘2,王麗萍2

(1.長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)人文信息學(xué)院制藥工程系,長(zhǎng)春 130122;2.吉林大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)春 130012)

以三異丙醇胺和硼酸為原料,經(jīng)酯化反應(yīng)合成三異丙醇胺硼酸酯,并用重結(jié)晶方法純化,制得高純度的終產(chǎn)物,產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)質(zhì)譜(MS)、核磁共振氫譜(1H NMR)、紅外光譜(FTIR)等方法表征.研究反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間和共沸溶劑對(duì)合成反應(yīng)的影響以及重結(jié)晶溶劑和溶劑比例對(duì)純化效果的影響.結(jié)果表明,最優(yōu)條件下合成的三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為99.8%,收率為87.1%.

三異丙醇胺硼酸酯;合成;純化

1 材料與方法

1.1 試劑與儀器

三異丙醇胺、硼酸、二甲苯、苯、甲苯、異丙醇、無(wú)水乙醇和乙酸乙酯均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純?cè)噭?

液相色譜儀(LC-2010HT型,日本島津公司);核磁共振儀(300MHz,美國(guó)Varian公司);液質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀(1100型,美國(guó)Agilent公司);紅外色譜儀(Vertex 70型,德國(guó)Bruker公司).

1.2 方 法

1.2.1 三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的合成 將硼酸和三異丙醇胺按一定比例與適量溶劑共置于反應(yīng)器中攪拌混勻,加熱,控溫反應(yīng),分批加入溶劑至無(wú)水分餾出,停止反應(yīng),將反應(yīng)溶劑減壓蒸出,干燥,制得粗品,反應(yīng)式如圖1所示.

1.2.2 重結(jié)晶 取適量三異丙醇胺硼酸酯粗品,

按比例加入溶劑混合后,回流10min,熱過(guò)濾,濾液冷卻至室溫,放置2h后過(guò)濾,濾餅于105℃烘干1h,制得產(chǎn)物.

圖1 三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的合成Fig.1 Synthesis of triisopropanolamine borate

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響

按方法1.2.1,將0.4mol三異丙醇胺和硼酸分別按照物質(zhì)的量比為0.9,0.95,1,1.05和1.1與適量二甲苯依次投入反應(yīng)容器,制得粗品.反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比對(duì)產(chǎn)率的影響如圖2所示.由圖2可見(jiàn),增加三異丙醇胺用量,產(chǎn)率增加;當(dāng)反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比大于1.05時(shí),產(chǎn)率開(kāi)始下降,產(chǎn)物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)降低;當(dāng)反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比為1.05時(shí)產(chǎn)率較高.

2.2 反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響

按方法1.2.1,將0.4mol三異丙醇胺和硼酸按物質(zhì)的量比為1.05與適量二甲苯投入反應(yīng)容器,分別于120,130,140,145,150,155℃控溫反應(yīng),制得粗品.反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)產(chǎn)物的影響如圖3所示.由圖3可見(jiàn),當(dāng)溫度低于145℃時(shí),反應(yīng)溫度升高可提高酯化反應(yīng)效率,減少逆反應(yīng)的發(fā)生;反應(yīng)溫度過(guò)低,延長(zhǎng)了反應(yīng)時(shí)間,影響酯化的效率;反應(yīng)溫度過(guò)高,產(chǎn)物顏色加深;反應(yīng)溫度為145℃產(chǎn)率較高.

圖2 反應(yīng)物物質(zhì)的量比對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響Fig.2 Effect of raw material ratio on the synthesis of triisopropanolamine borate

圖3 反應(yīng)溫度對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響Fig.3 Effect of reaction temperature on the synthesis of triisopropanolamine borate

2.3 反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響

按方法1.2.1,將0.4mol三異丙醇胺和硼酸按物質(zhì)的量比為1.05與適量二甲苯投入反應(yīng)容器,控溫145℃,分別反應(yīng)2,2.5,3,3.5,4h,制得粗品.反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)產(chǎn)率的影響如圖4所示.由圖4可見(jiàn):延長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間,反應(yīng)收率增加;反應(yīng)3.5h后,產(chǎn)率開(kāi)始降低,產(chǎn)物顏色加深;反應(yīng)時(shí)間為3.5h時(shí)產(chǎn)率較高.

2.4 反應(yīng)溶劑對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響

按方法1.2.1,將0.4mol三異丙醇胺和硼酸按物質(zhì)的量比為1.05分別與適量苯、甲苯和鄰二甲苯投入反應(yīng)容器,制得粗品.不同溶劑的反應(yīng)時(shí)間和產(chǎn)率列于表1.在硼酸酯生成過(guò)程中,需加入帶水劑與水形成共沸物,將水從體系中分離以避免部分產(chǎn)物發(fā)生水解的逆反應(yīng),帶水溶劑沸點(diǎn)越高,與水形成的共沸點(diǎn)越高,酯化效率越高,反應(yīng)時(shí)間越短,產(chǎn)率越高.由表1可見(jiàn),鄰二甲苯的帶水效率較高,產(chǎn)率較高.

2.5 重結(jié)晶溶劑對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯純化的影響

按方法1.2.2,取30.0g三異丙醇胺硼酸酯粗產(chǎn)品,依次用苯、異丙醇、乙醇和乙醇/乙酸乙酯為溶劑重結(jié)晶,制得產(chǎn)物.不同重結(jié)晶溶劑對(duì)產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響列于表2.由表2可見(jiàn):重結(jié)晶溶劑中,苯毒性較高,產(chǎn)率低,不宜使用;異丙醇和乙醇的產(chǎn)率略有增加,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)略有提高;乙醇/乙酸乙酯的產(chǎn)率較高,產(chǎn)物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)較高.

圖4 反應(yīng)時(shí)間對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響Fig.4 Effect of reaction time on the synthesis of triisopropanolamine borate

表1 反應(yīng)溶劑對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯合成的影響Table 1 Effect of reaction solvent on the synthesis of triisopropanolamine borate

表2 重結(jié)晶溶劑對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯純化的影響Table 2 Effect of recrystallization solvent on the purification of triisopropanolamine borate

2.6 重結(jié)晶溶劑比例對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯純化的影響

按方法1.2.2,取30.0g三異丙醇胺硼酸酯粗產(chǎn)品,將m(粗品)∶V(乙醇)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=2∶1∶1,2∶1∶2,2∶1∶3進(jìn)行重結(jié)晶,制得產(chǎn)物,結(jié)果列于表3.由表3可見(jiàn),重結(jié)晶過(guò)程中,m(粗品)∶V(乙醇)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=2∶1∶1或2∶1∶3時(shí),產(chǎn)率較低,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)較低;比例為2∶1∶2時(shí),產(chǎn)率較高,產(chǎn)物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)也較高.

表3 重結(jié)晶溶劑比例對(duì)三異丙醇胺硼酸酯純化的影響Table 3 Effect of recrystallization solvent ratio on the purification of triisopropanolamine borate

將純化前后的產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行高效液相色譜(HPLC)分析.粗品純化前主峰附近均可見(jiàn)雜質(zhì)峰;純化后產(chǎn)物主峰附近幾乎無(wú)雜質(zhì)峰.即純化后產(chǎn)物質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)提高較大,純化效果較好.

2.7 三異丙醇胺硼酸酯的表征

按最優(yōu)方法制得的終產(chǎn)物為白色晶體,m.p.:151~154℃;質(zhì)譜(MS,ESI):m/z 200.2[M+H]+;核磁共振氫譜1H NMR(300MHz,CHCl3-d6),δ1.26~1.37(m,9H,—CH3),2.39~3.35(m,6H,—CH2),4.11~4.58(m,3H,—CH);紅外光譜(IR,KBr),σ/cm-1:2 976.61,1 472.45, 1 385.76,1 331.29,1 145.84,1 086.17,903.90,863.31,805.83.

化合物的HPLC為單一色譜峰,1H NMR中沒(méi)有—OH信號(hào)峰,IR譜中幾乎沒(méi)有—OH特征吸收峰,MS分析結(jié)果與理論一致,表明三異丙醇胺與硼酸完全酯化且得到單一的目標(biāo)化合物.

綜上,本文以三異丙醇胺和硼酸為原料,經(jīng)酯化反應(yīng),合成了三異丙醇胺硼酸酯粗品,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比確定:n(三異丙醇胺)∶n(硼酸)=1.05,反應(yīng)溫度為145℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為3.5h,鄰二甲苯為共沸溶劑,乙醇/乙酸乙酯為重結(jié)晶溶劑,m(粗品)∶V(乙醇)∶V(乙酸乙酯)=2∶1∶2為最佳反應(yīng)和純化條件.產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)表征為目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物.該方法操作簡(jiǎn)單、收率高且質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)高,適合工業(yè)化生產(chǎn).

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(責(zé)任編輯:?jiǎn)?凝)

Synthesis and Characterization of Triisopropanolamine Borate

WANG Wei1,XIU Zhiming2,WANG Deli2,XU Tianshu2,GUO Youming2,WANG Liping2
(1.Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering,College of Humanities &Information Changchun University of Techonology,Changchun130122,China;2.College of Life Science,Jilin University,Changchun130012,China)

Triisopropanolamine borate was synthesized through the esterification of triisopropanolamine and boric acid,and purified by recrystallization.The structure of triisopropanolamine borate was characterized by MS,1H NMR and FTIR.Effects of raw material ratio,reaction temperature,reaction time,and reaction solvent on the synthesis,and those of recrystallization solvent and solvent ratio on the purification were investigated.The product was obtained with a purity of 99.8%and a yield of 87.1%,respectively.

triisopropanolamine borate;synthesis;purification

O627;Q503

A

1671-5489(2014)04-0831-04

硼酸酯類(lèi)偶聯(lián)劑屬于有機(jī)硼化物,是一類(lèi)新型的偶聯(lián)劑,具有優(yōu)良的殺菌、防腐、抗磨、阻燃及抗靜電等性能,在光熱引發(fā)劑、高聚物添加劑、抗菌劑和阻燃劑等領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛[1-6].三異丙醇胺硼酸酯是一種硼酸酯類(lèi)偶聯(lián)劑,因氮-硼內(nèi)配位結(jié)構(gòu)而具有優(yōu)良的抗水解穩(wěn)定性,可作為硼酸酯類(lèi)表面活性劑[7-10].

目前,三異丙醇胺硼酸酯一般先用三異丙醇胺和硼酸通過(guò)酯化反應(yīng)合成,再在熱苯中重結(jié)晶制得[11],該方法存在產(chǎn)物收率低、純度低、污染環(huán)境和對(duì)人體毒害性大等缺點(diǎn).本文在文獻(xiàn)[12-15]的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)酯化反應(yīng)合成了三異丙醇胺硼酸酯,并用重結(jié)晶法進(jìn)行純化,獲得了高質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、高收率的終產(chǎn)物.

10.13413/j.cnki.jdxblxb.2014.04.39

2013-12-06.

王 ?。?982—),女,漢族,碩士,從事藥物合成的研究,E-mail:1142732259@qq.com.通信作者:王麗萍(1967—),女,漢族,博士,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,從事藥物篩選的研究,E-mail:wanglp@jlu.edu.cn.

吉林省自然科學(xué)基金(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):201015171)、吉林省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):201205017)和吉林省醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展專(zhuān)項(xiàng)基金(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):YYZX201150-2).

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