陳永正,鄭代軍,劉小卒,周曉建,徐 可
(遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,貴州 遵義 563000)
·研究簡(jiǎn)報(bào)·
四氫喹啉-4-醇類衍生物的合成*
陳永正,鄭代軍,劉小卒,周曉建,徐 可
(遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,貴州 遵義 563000)
以1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉為初始原料,經(jīng)N-酰基保護(hù)、氧化、脫保護(hù)、還原等反應(yīng)合成了一系列1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉-4-醇類的衍生物,總產(chǎn)率17%~41%,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR和13C NMR確證。
四氫喹啉;氨基醇;四氫喹啉-4-醇;合成
1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉類化合物是一類重要的雜環(huán)化合物,類似結(jié)構(gòu)廣泛存在于部分天然生物堿中[1],在藥物[2]、染料[3]及作為催化劑配體[4]進(jìn)行不對(duì)稱合成等方面有著廣泛應(yīng)用。四氫喹啉類化合物的合成方法主要有非飽和體系的還原[5]、直鏈體系的關(guān)環(huán)[6]、苯胺和兩分子醛的縮合[7]、N上芳香化的亞甲基亞胺正離子和烯烴的縮合[8]、環(huán)的重排等。1949年,William P等[9]以苯胺和丙烯酸甲酯為原料經(jīng)1,4-加成和傅克?;磻?yīng)制得4-羰基-1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉。
本文以1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉(1)為起始原料,經(jīng)N-?;Wo(hù)、氧化[10]、脫保護(hù)、還原等反應(yīng)合成了一系列1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉-4-醇類衍生物[11](4a~4c和7~9,Scheme 1),總收率17%~41%,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR和13C NMR確證。
1.1 儀器與試劑
ZF-2型三用紫外分析儀;Bruker 300MHz型核磁共振儀(DMSO-d6為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo))。
所用試劑均為分析純。
1.2 合成
(1)N-叔丁氧羰基四氫喹啉(2a)的合成
在圓底燒瓶中依次加入12.66g(20mmol),二氯甲烷20mL及三乙胺3.03g(30mmol),攪拌下于室溫滴加二碳酸二叔丁酯[(Boc)2O]5.56g(25.5mmol),滴畢,回流(40℃)反應(yīng)10h。用水洗滌、無(wú)水Na2SO4干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:A=V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(石油醚)=1∶10]純化得黃色油狀液體2a4.56g,產(chǎn)率98%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.95~7.65(m,4H),3.71(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.76(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.88~1.96(m,2H),1.52(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 153.9,138.6,129.9,128.5,125.6,124.1,123.2,80.6,44.6,27.4,27.4,23.5。
(2)N-乙酰基四氫喹啉(2b)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入15mL的二氯甲烷(150mL)溶液和吡啶5mL,冰浴冷卻,攪拌下緩慢滴加乙酰氯3.54mL,滴畢,于室溫反應(yīng)30min。加水(5mL)淬滅反應(yīng),分液,有機(jī)相用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶10)純化得黃色液體2b6.88g,產(chǎn)率98%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.09~7.26(m,4H),3.78(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.71(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.22(s,3H),1.90~1.99(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 170.1,128.4,126.0,125.1,124.5,26.8,24.0,23.1。
(3)N-苯甲?;臍溧?2c)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入10.67mL的二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液和吡啶0.48mL,攪拌下于室溫緩慢滴加苯甲酰氯0.70mL,滴畢,反應(yīng)15min。加水淬滅反應(yīng),分液,有機(jī)相用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶10)純化得黃色固體2c0.64g,產(chǎn)率50%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.24~7.37(m,5H),7.15(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.49(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.86(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.91(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.84(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.01~2.10(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 170.3,139.3,136.3,131.6,130.1,128.6,128.3,128.0,125.7,125.4,124.5,44.4,26.9,24.1。
(4)3的合成(以3a為例)
在圓底燒瓶中依次加入2a4.56g,丙酮120mL,15%MgSO4溶液20mL和KMnO49.48g(60mmol),攪拌下于室溫反應(yīng)36h。加水100mL,用Na2SO3淬滅反應(yīng),過(guò)濾,濾液用乙酸乙酯萃取,有機(jī)相用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶10)純化得白色固體3a2.73g。
用類似方法合成3b和3c。
3a:產(chǎn)率55%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.13~8.00(m,4H),4.16(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.77(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.55(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 194.2,152.7,144.1,133.9,127.3,124.9,123.9,123.7,82.2,44.3,39.0,28.3。
3b(反應(yīng)12h):產(chǎn)率49%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.00(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.43~7.57(m,2H),7.26(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.79(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.33(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 193.9,169.3,143.9,134.0,127.7,126.0,125.5,124.1,43.9,39.5,23.1。
3c(反應(yīng)7h):產(chǎn)率50%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.01(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.13~7.50(m,7H),6.91(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.33(t,J=12.6Hz,2H),2.88(t,J=6.4Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 193.7,170.1,144.5,135.0,133.6,131.1,128.6,128.5,127.6,124.9,124.8,124.5,45.2,39.6。
(5)4的合成(以4a為例)
在反應(yīng)瓶中加入3a250mg(1mmol)的甲醇(10mL)溶液和NaBH460mg,攪拌下于室溫反應(yīng)30min。加水淬滅反應(yīng),用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶2)純化得白色固體4a0.16g。
用類似方法合成4b和4c。
4a:產(chǎn)率65%;1H NMRδ: 6.93~7.61(m,4H),5.38(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.54(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.74~3.80(m,1H),3.50~3.57(m,1H),1.91~1.99(m,1H),1.73~1.78(m,1H),1.44(s,9H);13C NMRδ: 152.9,137.1,132.6,127.9,126.7,123.0,122.8,80.3,64.1,40.9,32.2,27.9。
4b:產(chǎn)率86%,1H NMRδ: 7.11~7.50(m,4H),5.44(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.55~4.58(m,1H),4.02~3.85(m,1H),3.48~3.54(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.02~2.13(m,1H),1.71~1.77(m,1H);13C NMRδ: 169.2,137.3,127.0,126.7,124.1,123.9,64.2,32.9,23.4。
4c: 產(chǎn)率71%;1H NMRδ:7.44~7.34(m,6H),7.08~7.03(m,1H),6.97~6.95(m,1H),6.80(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.72~4.70(m,1H),3.92~3.88(m,1H),3.68~3.63(m,1H),2.17~2.15(m,1H),1.87~1.83(m,1H);13C NMRδ: 169.4,137.5,136.5,134.2,130.1,128.2,128.1,127.4,126.4,124.4,124.1,64.1,41.8,32.8。
(6)2,3-二氫喹啉-4(1H)-酮(5)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入3a0.5g(2mmol),二氯甲烷20mL和三氟乙酸(TFA)0.9mL(12mmol),攪拌下回流(40℃)反應(yīng)3h。用1mol·L-1NaOH溶液調(diào)至pH9,用二氯甲烷(3×10mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶4)純化得綠色黏稠液體50.25g,產(chǎn)率85%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.65~7.85(m,4H),4.49(s,1H),3.56(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.69(t,J=6.9Hz,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ: 193.7,152.0,135.1,127.6,119.3,117.8,115.8,42.2,38.0。
(7)1-芐基-1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉-4-醇(7)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入5150mg的DMF(10mL)溶液,芐溴340mg(2mmol),K2CO3280mg和KI 120mg,攪拌下于80℃反應(yīng)24h。傾入水中,用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,濃縮后加入甲醇10mL和NaBH450mg,攪拌下于室溫反應(yīng)30min。加水淬滅反應(yīng),用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,濃縮得黃色固體785mg,產(chǎn)率36%;1H NMRδ:7.32~7.20(m,6H),7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.00~7.90(m,1H),6.51(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.45(t,J=11.4Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.49(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.49~3.48(m,1H),3.32~3.25(m,1H),1.86(t,J=9.3Hz,2H);13C NMRδ: 144.5,138.8,129.2,128.4,128.2,128.0,126.6,126.4,124.8,114.9,110.7,64.2,54.0,44.8,30.3。
(8)1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉-4-醇(8)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入50.15g,多聚甲醛(PFA)0.6g和NaBH40.19g(5.0mmol),然后立即滴加TFA 1mL,滴畢。攪拌下于室溫反應(yīng)12h。用NaHCO3水溶液調(diào)至pH7,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶2)純化得紅褐色液體865.8mg,產(chǎn)率40%;1H NMRδ:7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.09~7.03(m,1H),6.59~6.55(m,2H),5.03(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.28~3.21(m,1H),3.14~3.09(m,1H),2.84(s,3H),1.89~1.82(m,2H);13C NMRδ: 146.0,129.1,128.2,125.4,115.4,110.9,64.1,46.1,38.7,30.7。
(9)1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉-4-醇(9)的合成
在反應(yīng)瓶中依次加入5150mg的甲醇(10mL)溶液和NaBH460mg(1.5mmol),攪拌下于室溫反應(yīng)30min。加水淬滅反應(yīng),用乙酸乙酯(3×10mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓濃縮后經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1∶1)純化得白色固體90.1g,產(chǎn)率62%;1H NMRδ: 6.43~7.09(m,4H),5.75(s,1H),4.97(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.50~4.55(m,1H),3.10~3.39(m,2H),1.68~1.82(m,2H);13C NMRδ: 145.2,129.4,127.8,123.3,114.8,113.4,63.9,36.2,30.4。
在乙酸乙酯/石油醚的展開劑體系中,氮上連有不同保護(hù)基團(tuán)的產(chǎn)物2同底物1比較,表現(xiàn)出不同的相對(duì)Rf值。當(dāng)?shù)线B有Boc保護(hù)基(2a)時(shí),Rf值(0.7)較底物1大,當(dāng)保護(hù)基為乙酰基(2b,0.2)和苯甲?;?2c,0.3)時(shí),Rf值較1小。
5的合成亦可以通過(guò)1的乙?;Wo(hù)、氧化得3b;然后在5%NaOH甲醇溶液中于室溫脫除乙?;?,三步反應(yīng)總產(chǎn)率為43%。
在8的合成中,如果滴加完TFA,就加入NaHCO3終止反應(yīng),此時(shí)芐位的羰基仍然存在,再經(jīng)還原得8。在終止反應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)pH的過(guò)程中,pH值調(diào)至中性為宜,如果堿性過(guò)強(qiáng),所生成的產(chǎn)物會(huì)迅速轉(zhuǎn)變成3,3-二羥基-1-甲基-2,3-二氫喹啉-4(1H)-酮。如果延長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間,芐位的羰基在THF-TFA-NaBH4體系中可以還原到羥基,直接一步反應(yīng)得8。
以1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉為原料,經(jīng)仲胺基團(tuán)的酰胺化保護(hù)、芐位氧化、仲胺脫保護(hù)、羰基還原等反應(yīng)合成了一系列1,2,3,4-四氫喹啉氨基醇類衍生物,建立了一種制備四氫喹啉衍生物的新方法。
該方法一方面為四氫喹啉衍生物合成提供了參考;另一方面,所合成的一系列四氫喹啉醇類化合物可以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的衍生建立小分子庫(kù),用于藥物活性分子的篩選。
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Synthesisof1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolin-4-olDerivatives
CHEN Yong-zheng,ZHENG Dai-jun,LIU Xiao-zu,ZHOU Xiao-jian,XU Ke
(School of Pharmercy,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,China)
A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrohydroquinolin-4-ol derivatives with overall yields of 17%~41% were synthesized from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline by protection of NH group,oxidation,deprotection and reduction reaction.The structures were confirmed by1H NMR and13C NMR.
tetrahydroquinoline;alkamine;tetrohydroquinolin-4-ol;synthesis
2014-04-09
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(21162047,21262051);貴州省科技廳資助項(xiàng)目(黔科合SZ字2012-3078號(hào),黔科合人字2013-047)
陳永正(1982-),男,漢族,貴州遵義人,博士,副教授,主要從事不對(duì)稱合成的研究。Tel.0852-8609673,E-mail: yzchen@zmc.edu.cn
O626.3
A
1005-1511(2014)05-0687-04