楊永明,荔志云
·論 著·
異甘草素對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷大鼠損傷灶修復(fù)作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
楊永明,荔志云
目的 觀察異甘草素對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷大鼠病理變化和血清白介素-1α(IL-1α)、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNFα)的影響,探討其在創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷(TBI)后促進(jìn)腦損傷灶康復(fù)的作用機(jī)制。方法 運(yùn)用改良Feeney法建立大鼠腦損傷模型,將動(dòng)物隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組、腦損傷組、異甘草素治療組,共治療5d,經(jīng)平衡木行走試驗(yàn)觀察神經(jīng)行為學(xué)變化后處死,采用蛋白芯片法檢測(cè)血清中的細(xì)胞因子,HE染色光鏡下觀察損傷灶的變化。結(jié)果 與腦外傷組相比異甘草素治療組 IL-1α、IL-6、IL-10的血清含量明顯增高,IL-1β和TNFα的含量顯著降低(P<0.05),損傷灶病理學(xué)變化明顯改善。結(jié)論 異甘草素可以促進(jìn)創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷大鼠腦損傷灶康復(fù),其機(jī)制可能與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞因子有關(guān)。
腦損傷; 異甘草素; 大鼠
創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷(TBI)后的繼發(fā)性腦損傷可以導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)組織的進(jìn)一步損害,延長和(或)引起神經(jīng)功能缺失[1-2]。目前缺乏有效防止繼發(fā)性腦損害的藥物,異甘草素具有廣泛的藥理活性[3],具有減低腦損傷后氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),增加腦供血量,改善腦組織能量代謝,抑制炎癥反應(yīng),抑制細(xì)胞凋亡等作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過異甘草素對(duì)腦損傷大鼠進(jìn)行干預(yù),用蛋白芯片檢測(cè)血液的細(xì)胞因子IL-1α、IL-11β、IL-6、IL-10和TNFα的含量,病理學(xué)觀察損傷灶的變化,探討異甘草素對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷的影響,為腦損傷的治療提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及材料
清潔級(jí)Wistar雄性大鼠45只,由蘭州軍區(qū)蘭州總醫(yī)院動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)科提供,鼠齡2~3個(gè)月,體重150~200g; 蛋白芯片由Ray biotechnology公司提供,異甘草素(純度98%)由上海源葉生物科技公司提供,自制打擊器。
2 TBI模型制作
采用改良Feeney法[4],自制打擊器,打擊棒重20g,下落高度30cm,打擊直徑3mm,打擊深度為3mm。大鼠用10%水合氯醛(30mg/kg,腹腔注射)麻醉后,固定頭部,消毒后于矢狀正中線切開頭皮,分離軟組織及骨膜, 用小型電鉆在左頂葉上方開直徑約4mm的骨窗,并保持硬膜完整。打擊棒沿金屬套管從30cm高度打擊大鼠頭部致傷(沖擊力為600g.cm)造成左側(cè)大腦半球局部腦挫裂傷。充分止血后,予以碘伏消毒傷口并縫合頭皮,假手術(shù)組僅開骨窗不打擊。
3 動(dòng)物分組及給藥
隨機(jī)分為A組(假手術(shù)組)、B組(腦損傷組)、C組(異甘草素治療組)每組15只。用1%的吐溫80生理鹽水將異甘草素配置成懸液,濃度6mg/ml,術(shù)后2h C組給予異甘草素30mg/kg腹腔注射治療1次/d; A組和B組等體積的1%吐溫80生理腹腔注射1次/d,共治療5d。
4 平衡木行走試驗(yàn)(beam-walkingtest)
各組任取10只大鼠做平衡木行走試驗(yàn),測(cè)定運(yùn)動(dòng)整合及協(xié)調(diào)能力,按Feeney的記分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分,評(píng)分越高大鼠運(yùn)動(dòng)整合及協(xié)調(diào)能力越差,評(píng)分完畢后將所有大鼠放回原組。
Feeney評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn): 0分: 穿過平衡木,不會(huì)跌倒; 1分: 穿過平衡木,跌倒機(jī)會(huì)<50%; 2分: 穿過平衡木,跌倒機(jī)會(huì)>50%; 3分: 能穿過平衡木,但受累的癱瘓側(cè)后肢不能幫助向前移動(dòng); 4分: 不能穿過平衡木,但可坐在上面; 5分: 將大鼠放在平衡木上會(huì)掉下來。
5 細(xì)胞因子和腦含水量檢測(cè)
各組任取10只斷頭取血分離血清用蛋白芯片法檢測(cè)血清IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和TNFα的含量。取大鼠損傷側(cè)腦組織,去除凝血,用冰冷生理鹽水沖洗腦組織表面血跡,濾紙吸去腦組織表面殘余水分,用電子天平測(cè)其濕重,然后于75℃通風(fēng)烘烤箱烘烤72h至恒重,取出稱干重,計(jì)算含水量: 腦水含量=(濕重-干重)/濕重×100%。
6 病理學(xué)觀察
各組取5只大鼠用甲醛做腦內(nèi)固定后取大腦,甲醛外固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋,腦組織切片(片厚3μm),HE染色,Olympus顯微鏡放大400倍,觀察病理學(xué)改變。
1 細(xì)胞因子檢測(cè)結(jié)果
與腦損傷組比較,異甘草素治療組 IL-1α、IL-6、IL-10的血清含量明顯增高,IL-1β和TNFα的含量顯著降低,見表1。
表1 異甘草素對(duì)腦損傷大鼠血清細(xì)胞因子的影響±s,n=10,pg/ml)
B組與A組比較:P<0.05; C組與B組比較:P<0.05
2 平衡木行走試驗(yàn)Feeney評(píng)分結(jié)果
A組0.33±0.12,B組4.12±0.87,C組2.12±0.57。與B組(腦損傷組)比較,C組(異甘草素治療組)Feeney評(píng)分明顯減低(P<0.01)。
3 腦含水量檢測(cè)結(jié)果
A組(71.1±1.92)%,B組(75.53±2.13)%,C組(73.20±1.54)%。與B組(腦損傷組)比較,C組(異甘草素治療組)腦含水量減少(P<0.05)。
4 病理改變
4.1 大體觀察 A組大腦外觀良好,腦皮層結(jié)構(gòu)完整,僅在左頂葉見開骨窗時(shí)的壓痕; B組見左頂葉組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,形成一較大創(chuàng)面; C組左頂葉見創(chuàng)面已經(jīng)愈合遺留外傷后瘢痕灶(圖1~3)。
4.2 損傷處皮層組織切片觀察 A組腦皮層組織結(jié)構(gòu)良好,細(xì)胞大小形態(tài)較一致,神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)良好; B組腦皮層組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞消失,可見大量紅細(xì)胞,少量膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞; C組腦皮層組織結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞消失,可見紅細(xì)胞大部分被清除殘留少許紅細(xì)胞,大量膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(圖4~6)。
圖1 A組 圖2 B組 圖3 C組
圖4 A組(HE×400) 圖5 B組(HE×400) 圖6 C組(HE×400)
創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷后,原發(fā)性和繼發(fā)性腦損傷引起血腦屏障破壞,外周血細(xì)胞和腦組織內(nèi)免疫細(xì)胞(神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞和膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞)釋放大量細(xì)胞因子[5],白細(xì)胞介素等細(xì)胞因子是參與腦繼發(fā)性炎癥反應(yīng)的重要信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)分子[6],既可以加重腦損傷又可以減輕腦損傷。IL-1α在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有重要作用,適度的IL-1α可以提高神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞向多巴胺能神經(jīng)元分化[7],過度的表達(dá)可引起神經(jīng)退行性疾病[8],IL-1β過量表達(dá)可能通過多種途徑在顱腦損傷中發(fā)揮作用,介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)元壞死、缺失,引起繼發(fā)性腦損害[9]。IL-6的水平和疾病的嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后有關(guān)[10-11],IL-6在重癥腦損傷中是具有保護(hù)作用的細(xì)胞因子[12]。IL-10具有很強(qiáng)的抗炎作用,它可以抑制某些炎癥因子,如IL-2、IL-1B、TNF-A等的合成及活性,有助于控制炎癥,保持內(nèi)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定[13]。TNFα可以直接作用于腦損傷區(qū)及其周圍的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,破壞它們之間的緊密聯(lián)接[14]。異甘草素是一種黃酮類化合物,在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有廣泛的藥理作用,Zhan和Yang[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)異甘草素對(duì)小鼠的局灶性缺血可以提高Na+-K+-ATP酶活性保護(hù)腦組織,但目前國內(nèi)外異甘草素治療創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷的研究報(bào)道很少,在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)異甘草素可以提高IL-1α、IL-6、IL-10含量,減低TNFα和IL-1β的含量,異甘草素還可以促進(jìn)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增殖,增強(qiáng)吞噬細(xì)胞對(duì)病灶中紅細(xì)胞的清除能力,降低腦組織水腫,改善大鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)整合及協(xié)調(diào)能力,促進(jìn)腦組織傷口愈合。甘草素調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞因子的作用與神經(jīng)行為學(xué)和病理學(xué)改善同時(shí)出現(xiàn),推測(cè)其對(duì)創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷大鼠損傷灶修復(fù)作用的機(jī)制可能與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞因子降低組織炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
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(本文編輯: 賀 羽)
Repairing effects of isoliquiritigenin on traumatic brain injury in rats
YANGYong-ming,LIZhi-yun
(Department of Neurosurgery,Lanzhou General Hospital,Lanzhou Military Command,Lanzhou 730050,China)
Objective To observe the effect of isoliquiritigenin on pathological changes and serum IL-1α,IL-11β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNFα after traumatic brain injury in rats and to investigate its possible mechanism for brain rehabilitation. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group,traumatic brain injury(TBI) group and isoliquiritigenin-treated group. TBI model was established with the modified Feeney’s method. After 5 days of treatment,the TBI rats were sacrificed to measure the serum cytokines by protein chip and to observe the pathology of the brain tissues under optical microscope through HE staining. Results Compared with the TBI group,IL-1β and TNFα were decreased,IL-1α,IL-6 and IL-10 were remarkably increased,the pathology of the brain tissues was notably alleviated. Conclusion Isoliquiritigenin can promote brain tissue rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury in rats. The underlying mechanism of this effect may be associated with the cytokines which can regulate brain tissue.
brain injury; isoliquiritigenin; rats
1009-4237(2014)02-0144-03
2012解放軍總后勤科研項(xiàng)目(CLZ12J006)
730050 甘肅,蘭州軍區(qū)蘭州總醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科
荔志云,E-mail: Lizhiyun456@163.com
R 651
A
2013-10-16;
2013-11-18)