張繼峰+雒曉甜+侯林義+姜琴+呂潔萍+張文凱
[摘要] 目的 建立大鼠膿毒癥急性肺損傷模型,探討骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(BMSCs)在膿毒癥大鼠急性肺損傷中的肺保護(hù)作用及可能機(jī)制,為臨床治療膿毒癥急性肺損傷提供新的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。 方法 全骨髓培養(yǎng)法制備BMSCs。36只成年Wistar大鼠(150±15) g隨機(jī)分為3組,Sham組、CLP組和BMSCs組,每組12只,CLP組和BMSCs組采用盲腸結(jié)扎穿孔術(shù)(CLP)建立膿毒癥急性肺損傷模型,盲腸根部絲線結(jié)扎,盲腸切口5 mm,腸內(nèi)容物漏出,將其回納入腹腔,關(guān)腹。Sham組大鼠僅翻動(dòng)盲腸,不結(jié)扎穿孔。BMSCs組術(shù)后經(jīng)尾靜脈注射BMSCs細(xì)胞懸液1 ml(1×106/ml)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,應(yīng)用ELISA測(cè)定血漿IL-10、MIP-2水平,左肺采用Western blot測(cè)定肺內(nèi)NF-κB的表達(dá)水平,右肺制作病理切片,HE染色,并在光鏡下觀察肺組織病理結(jié)構(gòu)改變。 結(jié)果 CLP組的血清MIP-2水平明顯高于Sham組和BMSCs組,BMSCs組的血清MIP-2水平明顯高于Sham組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);3組的血清IL-10水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);3組的NF-κB表達(dá)水平比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。肺組織病理結(jié)果示CLP組和BMSCs組肺內(nèi)大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、肺間質(zhì)水腫、肺內(nèi)出血,BMSCs組癥狀較CLP組明顯減輕。 結(jié)論 膿毒癥急性肺損傷時(shí),血漿MIP-2表達(dá)明顯升高,肺內(nèi)出血、水腫、大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。BMSCs通過(guò)調(diào)控肺內(nèi)炎癥細(xì)胞NF-κB入核,使其促炎細(xì)胞因子MIP-2表達(dá)減少,減少中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)起肺保護(hù)作用,暫不能說(shuō)明BMSCs對(duì)IL-10有影響。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺損傷;骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞;膿毒癥;NF-κB;MIP-2
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R631[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)05(a)-0004-05
Impact study of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on NF-κB in rat with acute lung injury
ZHANG Ji-feng1 LUO Xiao-tian1 HOU Lin-yi1 JIANG Qin1 LV Jie-ping2 ZHANG Wen-kai3▲
1.Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;2.Department of Anesthesiology,the First Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001,China;3.Department of Surgical ICU,the Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China
[Abstract] Objective To establish a rat model of acute lung injury with sepsis,to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in acute lung injury with sepsis in order to provide new theoretical and experimental basis in rat of acute lung injury with sepsis in clinic. Methods BMSCs was cultured by whole bone marrow culture.36 adult Wistar rats(150±15) g were randomly divided into three groups(Sham group,CLP group and BMSCs group),12 rats in each group.The method(cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)sepsis established model of acute lung injury,cecal ligation thread roots,cecal incision 5 mm,intestinal contents leaking it back into the abdominal cavity,the abdomen was closed)was used in CLP group and BMSCs group.Just flip the cecum,without ligation and puncture was used in Sham group.BMSCs group was injected via the tail vein BMSCs cell suspension 1 ml(1×106/ml).After the end of the experiment,plasma IL-10,MIP-2 levels were measured by ELISA,NF-κB expression level in lung left was measured by Western blot,the right lung were made in pathological section,HE staining was used and change of lung tissue was observed in the light microscope structure. Results MIP-2 level of CLP group was significantly higher than that of Sham group and BMSCs group respectively,MIP-2 level of BMSCs group was significantly higher than that of Sham group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).IL-10 of three groups was compared,with no statistical difference(P>0.05).NF-κB of three groups was compared,with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusion MIP-2 significantly increased when acute lung injury with sepsis,pulmonary hemorrhage,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration.BMSCs lung inflammatory cells can reduce proinflammatory cytokines MIP-2 expression by regulating NF-κB into the nucleus and reduce the infiltration of neutrophils,it plays a protective role in the lung.Temporarily can not explain BMSCs affect IL-10.
[Key words] Lung injury;Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;Sepsis;NF-κB;MIP-2
膿毒癥急性肺損傷是ICU常見(jiàn)危重癥,如病情惡化很快發(fā)展為急性呼吸窘迫綜合征,病死率極高,一直是臨床治療的難點(diǎn)[1-2]。肺損傷時(shí)大量炎癥細(xì)胞在肺內(nèi)浸潤(rùn)、聚集,多種炎癥介質(zhì)、細(xì)胞因子在肺內(nèi)表達(dá)增強(qiáng),抗炎、促炎平衡失調(diào)是導(dǎo)致肺損傷的關(guān)鍵因素[3-4]。最近研究表明,骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)可通過(guò)再生修復(fù)、免疫調(diào)節(jié)、抗氧化、抗凋亡等減輕急性肺損傷炎癥反應(yīng),是一種極具吸引性的新的治療方案[5]。本文采用盲腸結(jié)扎穿孔術(shù)復(fù)制大鼠急性肺損傷模型,通過(guò)股靜脈注射BMSCs,注射后6 h評(píng)價(jià)肺損傷病理改變、細(xì)胞促炎和抗炎因子變化及肺組織NF-κB活性,探討B(tài)MSCs在膿毒癥大鼠急性肺損傷中的肺保護(hù)作用及可能機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
1.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物及分組雄性Wistar大鼠6只(3~4周),制備BMSCs。雄性Wistar大鼠36只(150~175 g)隨機(jī)分為3組,假手術(shù)組(Sham組)、膿毒癥組(CLP組)和骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療組(BMSCs組),每組12只。實(shí)驗(yàn)大鼠由山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)生理實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物中心提供。
1.1.2 主要試劑大鼠MIP-2、IL-10 ELISA試劑盒:北京四柏生物科技有限公司;胎牛血清、胰蛋白酶、低糖DMEM、雙抗、胞核胞漿蛋白提取試劑盒、SDS-PAGE凝膠配制試劑盒、BCA蛋白定量試劑盒、熒光曝光Superstar ECL Plus、辣根過(guò)氧化酶羊抗兔二抗:杭州四季青生物工程材料有限公司;TBP pAb兔源多抗核內(nèi)參(43 kD)、NF-κB P65兔源多抗一抗:Bioworld公司。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 BMSCs提取及鑒定雄性3周左右Wistar大鼠1只,引頸處死,75%乙醇浸泡5 min,剪開(kāi)皮膚分離大鼠股骨、脛骨,剪開(kāi)兩端,5號(hào)針頭抽取含10%胎牛血清的低糖DMEM培養(yǎng)液從股骨、脛骨兩端反復(fù)沖洗骨髓腔,獲得細(xì)胞懸液4 ml,接種于6 cm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,37℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行原代培養(yǎng),48 h后首次換液,去除未貼壁細(xì)胞,以后每3~4天換液1次,細(xì)胞90%融合后用含EDTA的胰蛋白酶消化傳代,至第三代呈不規(guī)則梭形(圖1)用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。BMSCs流式細(xì)胞儀分析CD34陰性(0.92%)、CD44陽(yáng)性(98.09%)(圖2)。
1.2.2 模型制備參照文獻(xiàn)[6-8],將36只大鼠術(shù)前12 h禁食,不禁水,腹腔注射10%水合氯醛0.3 g/kg麻醉,正中開(kāi)腹顯露盲腸,CLP組和BMSCs組盲腸遠(yuǎn)端絲線結(jié)扎,近端切口5 mm,使腸內(nèi)容物漏出,回納入腹腔,關(guān)腹縫合,Sham組大鼠僅翻動(dòng)盲腸,不結(jié)扎穿孔。BMSCs組術(shù)后即刻經(jīng)股靜脈注射BMSCs細(xì)胞懸液1 ml(1×106/ml)。
1.2.3 標(biāo)本制備術(shù)后6 h腹主動(dòng)脈采血3 ml,置于EP管中,靜置2 h,以3000 r/min離心15 min,取其上清-20℃保存,用于MIP-2、IL-10的ELISA試劑盒檢測(cè)。處死大鼠,剝離肺臟,右下肺放入4%的多聚甲醛溶液中固定,制作病理切片用于觀察肺組織病理變化。左肺按照胞核與胞漿蛋白提取試劑盒(博士德公司)說(shuō)明書(shū)規(guī)范操作,提取肺組織胞核蛋白,用于Western blot檢測(cè)。
1.3 形態(tài)學(xué)觀察及相關(guān)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)
1.3.1 形態(tài)學(xué)觀察4%多聚甲醛溶液固定肺臟,HE染色光鏡下觀察肺組織變化。
1.3.2 血漿MIP-2、IL-10含量測(cè)定酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試劑盒(ELISA北京四柏生物科技有限公司),按說(shuō)明書(shū)規(guī)范操作。
1.3.3 肺組織NF-κB(P65)入核 Western blot法測(cè)定參照文獻(xiàn)[9],應(yīng)用核蛋白抽提試劑盒提取肺組織核蛋白,用10%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳3 h,進(jìn)口PVDF膜(0.45 μm),2 mA/cm2半干轉(zhuǎn)30 min,加NF-κB p65(Bioworld公司產(chǎn)品)兔抗鼠多克隆抗體(1∶800稀釋?zhuān)?℃搖床過(guò)夜,加辣根過(guò)氧化酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗(1∶2000稀釋?zhuān)┦覝負(fù)u床孵育1 h,Super ECL Plus超敏發(fā)光液發(fā)光,用TBP pAb作為核內(nèi)參。曝光后圖片采用Photoshop圖像分析軟件進(jìn)行灰度分析。計(jì)算NF-κB與TBP pAb表達(dá)的相對(duì)灰度比值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,采用F檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 3組血清MIP-2、IL-10水平的比較
CLP組的血清MIP-2水平明顯高于Sham組和BMSCs組,BMSCs組的血清MIP-2水平明顯高于Sham組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);3組的血清IL-10水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 3組血清MIP-2、IL-10水平的比較(pg/ml,x±s)
與CLP組比較,*P<0.05;與Sham組比較,#P<0.05
2.2 3組NF-κB(P65)入核檢測(cè)結(jié)果的比較
Sham組的NF-κB表達(dá)為(0.26±0.02),CLP組的NF-κB表達(dá)為(0.72±0.03),BMSCs組的NF-κB表達(dá)為(0.43±0.05),3組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。3組的肺組織NF-κB(P65)入核Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖3。
圖3 3組大鼠肺組織NF-κB(P65)入核Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果
2.3 3組大鼠肺組織的病理檢查結(jié)果
Sham組可見(jiàn)大鼠肺泡大小均勻,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,肺泡上皮細(xì)胞形態(tài)正常,肺泡間隔未見(jiàn)增寬,微血管無(wú)充血和淤血,肺間質(zhì)間隙未見(jiàn)出血、水腫及炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)(圖4A);CLP組可見(jiàn)肺泡融合,肺間隔彌漫增厚,肺間質(zhì)明顯充血、水腫,大量中性粒細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞及紅細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)(圖4B、圖4C);BMSCs組可見(jiàn)肺組織改變比CLP組有所減輕,仍有中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),肺呈輕度水腫改變,肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)基本完整(圖4D、圖4E),表明BMSCs治療后大鼠膿毒癥肺損傷有一定程度的減輕。
3 討論
膿毒癥時(shí)炎癥細(xì)胞(如肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞等)在肺內(nèi)浸潤(rùn)、聚集,過(guò)表達(dá)多種炎癥介質(zhì)和細(xì)胞因子,導(dǎo)致抗炎和促炎平衡失調(diào),引起全身炎癥反應(yīng)是急性肺損傷發(fā)病機(jī)制的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟[10]。膿毒癥時(shí)受累肺臟發(fā)生炎癥或出現(xiàn)急性呼吸窘迫綜合征后,都會(huì)出現(xiàn)肺水腫、蛋白漏出、出血、炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、微小血管損傷和血管壁通透性增加。血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞激活和中性粒細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)聚集是導(dǎo)致病變發(fā)展的病理生理基礎(chǔ),激活的中性粒細(xì)胞到達(dá)肺臟后,進(jìn)一步分泌氧化產(chǎn)物、蛋白水解酶、一氧化氮及炎癥介質(zhì)導(dǎo)致肺部損傷[11]。膿毒癥時(shí)前炎癥細(xì)胞因子的表達(dá),如TNF-α、IL-1不僅啟動(dòng)了炎癥反應(yīng),而且參與維持炎癥反應(yīng)及一些趨化因子的產(chǎn)生,這些因子會(huì)活化中性粒細(xì)胞及血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,趨化中性粒細(xì)胞遷移到肺組織中。研究已證實(shí)小鼠動(dòng)物模型盲腸結(jié)扎穿孔(CLP)模型中,受累的肺臟MIP-2表達(dá)及MPO增高[12-14]。最近研究表明,肺損傷模型中肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞分泌并表達(dá)C-X-C趨化因子,如MIP-2、核內(nèi)NF-κB活性明顯增高,且與肺功能受損程度密切相關(guān)[15-16]。