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NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)神經(jīng)元軸突再生的作用

2014-07-07 15:37:21莊培袁范仲凱李永明張玉強(qiáng)賈志強(qiáng)
關(guān)鍵詞:軸突共培養(yǎng)雙重

莊培袁,呂 剛,范仲凱,李永明,張玉強(qiáng),賈志強(qiáng)

遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院,遼寧錦州 121000

NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)神經(jīng)元軸突再生的作用

莊培袁,呂 剛,范仲凱,李永明,張玉強(qiáng),賈志強(qiáng)

遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院,遼寧錦州 121000

目的觀(guān)察神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子β(nerve growth factor β,NGFβ)/低氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)對(duì)神經(jīng)元軸突再生微環(huán)境的改善作用,為完善微環(huán)境中軸突再生的理論提供資料。方法分別構(gòu)建攜帶編碼NGFβ、HIF-1α的慢病毒載體,用最佳感染復(fù)數(shù)(multiplicity of infection,MOI)轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs后,Western blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后的BMSCs表達(dá)NGFβ、HIF-1α的情況。培養(yǎng)SD大鼠皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元并將其與轉(zhuǎn)染后的BMSCs用Transwell雙層培養(yǎng)板構(gòu)建共培養(yǎng)體系。將共培養(yǎng)體系在厭氧培養(yǎng)罐中培養(yǎng)48 h后,用ELISA方法檢測(cè)神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)上清液中NGFβ、HIF-1α、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表達(dá)水平,并用Image pro-Plus軟件測(cè)量神經(jīng)元軸突的長(zhǎng)度。實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:A組:?jiǎn)为?dú)培養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元;B組:BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng);C組:NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng);D組:HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng);E組:NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng)。結(jié)果Le-RFP-NGFβ和Le-GFP-HIF-1α基因轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs轉(zhuǎn)染率分別為84.83%和89.63%。Western blot檢測(cè)顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染后的BMSCs能表達(dá)目的蛋白NGFβ和HIF-1α。共培養(yǎng)體系ELISA檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,C組和E組的NGFβ的表達(dá)量明顯高于A、B組(P<0.05);D組和E組的HIF-1α的表達(dá)量明顯高于A、B組(P<0.05)。D、E兩組的VEGF表達(dá)量高于A、B兩組(P<0.05)。Image pro-Plus測(cè)量神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度結(jié)果顯示,C、D、E組大于A、B兩組(P<0.05),E組大于C、D組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論與NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs共培養(yǎng)的神經(jīng)元軸突生長(zhǎng)情況良好,在共培養(yǎng)環(huán)境中對(duì)神經(jīng)元存活發(fā)揮重要作用的NGFβ、HIF-1α、VEGF等因子高表達(dá)。

骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞;神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子β;低氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α;基因轉(zhuǎn)染;軸突再生

Key words:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; nerve growth factor β; hypoxia inducible factor-1α; gene transfection; axonal regeneration

脊髓損傷(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一種脊髓在直接或者間接暴力作用下,損傷平面以下突然失去感覺(jué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)和自主神經(jīng)功能發(fā)生障礙的疾病。目前對(duì)于SCI的治療方法主要是手術(shù)解除脊髓壓迫,穩(wěn)定損傷部位,預(yù)防繼發(fā)性脊髓損傷的發(fā)生。隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,SCI的治療已經(jīng)取得了一定的進(jìn)展,但是對(duì)于SCI后神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù)尚無(wú)有效的治療方法[1]。干細(xì)胞移植治療為SCI的治療提供了多種極具吸引力的策略,包括替代受損的神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)軸突、髓鞘的再生,產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子和抗炎細(xì)胞因子,促進(jìn)新生血管形成等,可為神經(jīng)元軸突再生提供一個(gè)有利的環(huán)境[2-3]。骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(bone mesencymal stem cells,BMSCs)是人體骨髓、血漿等組織中具有較強(qiáng)更新和分化潛能的成體干細(xì)胞,可以在體外分化為成骨細(xì)胞、軟骨細(xì)胞、脂肪細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)細(xì)胞等。在神經(jīng)損傷修復(fù)研究領(lǐng)域中,BMSCs是十分有研究?jī)r(jià)值的種子細(xì)胞。神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子(nerve growth factors,NGF)是一種經(jīng)典的神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子,在周?chē)窠?jīng)發(fā)育過(guò)程和保持中樞神經(jīng)膽堿能神經(jīng)元功能方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。研究表明,其在中樞神經(jīng)元和外周神經(jīng)元再生方面有巨大的促進(jìn)作用[4]。低氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)是一個(gè)螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,在哺乳動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中起重要作用。在缺氧條件下,HIF-1能夠激活促紅細(xì)胞生成素、葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體、糖酵解酶、血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)等的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄過(guò)程,這些蛋白可提高氧輸送或促進(jìn)代謝適應(yīng)低氧環(huán)境[5]。研究表明,SCI后可能因?yàn)镠IF-1α表達(dá)不夠充分而使神經(jīng)元修復(fù)受阻[6-8]。應(yīng)用NGFβ能夠有效地促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元軸突再生,但又不可避免地面臨缺氧環(huán)境的制約,而HIF-1α能輔助受損脊髓組織對(duì)抗低氧環(huán)境,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)[9-10]。我們推測(cè):在神經(jīng)元缺血缺氧的環(huán)境下,二者可能發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元軸突再生。所以本實(shí)驗(yàn)擬將細(xì)胞移植與基因治療相結(jié)合,來(lái)探討NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs移植對(duì)SCI后神經(jīng)元軸突再生的改善作用。

材料和方法

1 材料 SD大鼠BMSCs第2代細(xì)胞由廣州賽業(yè)生物有限公司提供。NGFβ,HIF-1α慢病毒載體購(gòu)自上海漢恒生物科技有限公司。BMSCs完全培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自廣州賽業(yè)生物有限公司。兔抗大鼠NGFβ一抗和兔抗大鼠HIF-1α一抗購(gòu)自Santa cruz公司。Neurbasal-A,B27添加劑購(gòu)自Gibco公司。出生24 h內(nèi)SD大鼠2只,由遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供。

2 BMSCs培養(yǎng) 購(gòu)買(mǎi)的第2代BMSCs復(fù)蘇后,將培養(yǎng)瓶放置在37℃,5% CO2恒溫細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。在鏡下觀(guān)察到細(xì)胞融合度達(dá)80%左右時(shí),用完全培養(yǎng)基(L-DMEM + 10% FBS)進(jìn)行傳代培養(yǎng)。吸去培養(yǎng)液,磷酸鹽緩沖液沖洗3次,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶1 ml,置于37℃細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)孵育3 min左右,鏡下觀(guān)察BMSCs胞體收縮,不再相互粘連成片時(shí),加入3 ml完全培養(yǎng)基終止消化。用吹打管吹打后,收集細(xì)胞懸液加入到15 ml離心管中;1 000 r/min,離心5 min。小心吸去上清,加入4 ml完全培養(yǎng)基,吹打均勻后,進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)。計(jì)算細(xì)胞密度后,完全培養(yǎng)基調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度到1×105/ml,將細(xì)胞懸液接種到T25細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中,每瓶4 ml,每瓶做好標(biāo)記,放入37℃,5% CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。每瓶T25 BMSCs可以接種3個(gè)T25培養(yǎng)瓶。

3 攜載目的基因的慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs 實(shí)驗(yàn)分為4組,a組為未轉(zhuǎn)染組;b組為NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染組;c組為HIF1-α轉(zhuǎn)染組;d組為NGFβ/HIF1-α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染組。取第4代生長(zhǎng)良好的BMSCs按照細(xì)胞傳代過(guò)程準(zhǔn)備接種細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1×105/ml。接種細(xì)胞懸液到T25細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中,每瓶4 ml,共接種4瓶,按組別分別標(biāo)記。病毒轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs接種24 h后,按照最佳感染復(fù)數(shù)(multiplicity of infection,MOI)=100計(jì)算,得出每瓶細(xì)胞所需病毒量為4×107個(gè)。用無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基將兩種病毒原液濃度由1010/ml稀釋至108/ml,按照組別在各組中加入病毒液。a組不加病毒,b組加入Le-RFPNGFβ病毒0.4 ml,c組加入Le-GFP-HIF-1α病毒0.4 ml,d組加入Le-RFP-NGFβ病毒和Le-GFP-HIF-1α病毒各0.4 ml。各組添加DMEM至4 ml,a組加4 ml,b、c兩組加3.6 ml,d組加3.2 ml。轉(zhuǎn)染6 h后,棄去各瓶中的病毒液,換用4 ml完全培養(yǎng)基。24 h后,在熒光顯微鏡下觀(guān)察各組細(xì)胞熒光蛋白GFP和RFP的表達(dá)情況。

4 Western blot檢測(cè)目的基因表達(dá) 慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs轉(zhuǎn)染1 d后,觀(guān)察各組細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,細(xì)胞融合達(dá)到80%左右時(shí),收集細(xì)胞,提取蛋白,Western blot檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞NGFβ和HIF1-α的表達(dá)情況。

5 新生SD大鼠皮層神經(jīng)元原代培養(yǎng) 新生SD大鼠皮層神經(jīng)元制備過(guò)程參照Beaudoin等[11]的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法。取出生24 h以?xún)?nèi)的SD大鼠2只,75%乙醇浸泡10 min消毒。將乳鼠斷頭取出大腦,置于裝有高糖DMEM小燒杯中。在冰上培養(yǎng)皿中仔細(xì)剝離血管膜。將皮層移入另一個(gè)培養(yǎng)皿中,加少量高糖DMEM,用精細(xì)剪將皮層剪成1 ~ 2 mm3的組織塊。加入10 ml木瓜蛋白酶(2 mg/ml)和500 μl DNA酶I(0.2 mg/ml),在37℃下消化30 min,每5 min晃動(dòng)一下。消化后,加入1 ml FBS終止消化。整個(gè)體系靜止2 ~ 3 min,吸除上層的消化液。在培養(yǎng)皿內(nèi)加入1.5 ml接種培養(yǎng)基(高糖DMEM + 10% FBS),加入少量DNA酶Ⅰ,用1 ml槍頭輕柔吹打10次,靜置2 min,收集上層細(xì)胞懸液到預(yù)冷接種培養(yǎng)基中,共吹打3次。計(jì)數(shù)細(xì)胞總數(shù)后用接種培養(yǎng)基調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞密度為1×106/ml。接種到多聚賴(lài)氨酸包被的Transwell 6孔板的底層中,6孔培養(yǎng)板置于37℃,5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中,培養(yǎng)6 h。吸去接種培養(yǎng)基,換用培養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)液(Neurobasal-A + 2% B27+ 0.5 mmol/L谷氨酰胺)。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h后,每2 ~ 3 d換液1次。接種神經(jīng)元6 h后更換培養(yǎng)基時(shí),倒置相差顯微鏡下觀(guān)察神經(jīng)元貼壁情況,以后每天觀(guān)察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況并拍照。

6 BMSCs與神經(jīng)元厭氧共培養(yǎng) 按照實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康姆譃?組:A組(神經(jīng)元組):?jiǎn)为?dú)培養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元,Transwell內(nèi)杯中不接種BMSCs;B組(未轉(zhuǎn)染組):BMSCs與神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng);C組(NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染組):轉(zhuǎn)染NGFβ的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng);D組(HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染組):轉(zhuǎn)染HIF-1α的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng);E組(NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染組):NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng)。原代神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)3 d后,選取生長(zhǎng)情況良好的孔,按組別分別標(biāo)記,每組2孔,共10個(gè)孔。按照組別分別在Transwell培養(yǎng)板的內(nèi)杯中接種不同的BMSCs,每孔接種細(xì)胞懸液1 ml,接種細(xì)胞數(shù)為1×105/孔。A組不接種BMSCs,加入1 ml BMSCs完全培養(yǎng)基。B組接種未轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs;C組接種轉(zhuǎn)染NGFβ的BMSCs;D組接種轉(zhuǎn)染HIF-1α的BMSCs;E組接種NGFβ/HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs。接種BMSCs 24 h后,共培養(yǎng)體系換用混合培養(yǎng)基。將Transwell雙層培養(yǎng)板放入?yún)捬跖囵B(yǎng)罐中,放入?yún)捬醍a(chǎn)氣包,密封培養(yǎng)罐,置于37℃、5% CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),共培養(yǎng)體系在厭氧環(huán)境中共培養(yǎng)48 h。

7 檢測(cè)目標(biāo)蛋白表達(dá)共培養(yǎng)體系 培養(yǎng)48 h后,將共培養(yǎng)體系從厭氧培養(yǎng)罐中取出,置于37℃、5% CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)第3天換液,收集各組下層神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)層的培養(yǎng)上清液用ELISA方法檢測(cè)NGFβ、HIF-1α、VEGF的含量。

8 Image pro-Plus軟件檢測(cè)軸突生長(zhǎng) 厭氧培養(yǎng)48 h后第3天,倒置相差顯微鏡觀(guān)察神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)情況,每組隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)視野并拍照后用Image pro-Plus軟件分析所得圖片測(cè)量軸突長(zhǎng)度并記錄。

結(jié) 果

1 傳代培養(yǎng)大鼠BMSCs的生長(zhǎng)情況 第2代BMSCs復(fù)蘇后6 h開(kāi)始貼壁,細(xì)胞形態(tài)為圓形。24 h后細(xì)胞形態(tài)為較一致的長(zhǎng)梭形,胞體透亮,折光性好,核較小。傳代的細(xì)胞形態(tài)上無(wú)明顯的差異。見(jiàn)圖1。

圖 1 傳代后第5天BMSCs 第3代生長(zhǎng)情況 (×400)Fig. 1 Growth of P3 BMSCs at day 5 (×400)

2 熒光顯微鏡觀(guān)察觀(guān)察GFP和RFP的表達(dá) 慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染各組細(xì)胞后24 h,未轉(zhuǎn)染組在明視野下可見(jiàn)BMSCs(圖2A),在暗視野下未見(jiàn)熒光蛋白表達(dá);NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染組在綠光激發(fā)下,可見(jiàn)紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá),Le-RFP-NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染率為84.83%(圖2B);HIF1-α轉(zhuǎn)染組在藍(lán)光激發(fā)下,可見(jiàn)綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá),Le-GFP-HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染率89.63%(圖2C);NGFβ/HIF1-α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染組在綠光激發(fā)下,可見(jiàn)紅色熒光蛋白表達(dá)(圖2D),在藍(lán)光激發(fā)下,可見(jiàn)綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá)(圖2E);將圖2D和圖2E合成后可見(jiàn)雙重表達(dá)RFP和GFP的BMSCs呈黃色,重合率為68.62%(圖3F)。

3 Western blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后BMSCs的NGFβ表達(dá)BMSCs經(jīng)兩種慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染后1 d,未轉(zhuǎn)染組可見(jiàn)NGFβ表達(dá),但不明顯,HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染組未見(jiàn)NGFβ表達(dá),NGFβ組和NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染組組均表達(dá)NGFβ。見(jiàn)圖3。

圖 2 熒光顯微鏡觀(guān)察各組GFP和RFP表達(dá)Fig. 2 Expression of GFP and RFP detected by fluorescence microscopy A: non-transfected BMSCs (×100); B: NGFβ transfected BMSCs under green fluorescence (×400); C: HIF-1αtransfected BMSCs under blue fluorescence (×400); D: NGFβ/HIF-1αdouble transfected BMSCs under green fluorescence (×400); E: same view of D under blue fluorescence (×400); F: overlapping D and E, the co-express GFP and RFP of BMSCs are yellow (×400)

4 Western blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后BMSCs的HIF1-α表達(dá) BMSCs經(jīng)兩種慢病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)染后1 d,未轉(zhuǎn)染組與 NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染組無(wú)HIF1-α表達(dá),HIF1-α轉(zhuǎn)染組和NGFβ/HIF1-α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染組均表達(dá)HIF1-α。見(jiàn)圖4。

5 原代培養(yǎng)大鼠皮質(zhì)神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)情況 原代培養(yǎng)的神經(jīng)元6 h后開(kāi)始貼壁,1 d后鏡下多數(shù)細(xì)胞已經(jīng)貼壁生長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞大小不一,多呈圓形,有少數(shù)細(xì)胞可見(jiàn)1 ~ 2個(gè)小突起(圖5);3 d后,神經(jīng)元胞體增大,形態(tài)多樣,突起變多。

6 神經(jīng)元厭氧共培養(yǎng)并檢測(cè)目標(biāo)蛋白NGFβ的表達(dá)量 BMSCs共培養(yǎng)能增加神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)層中的NGFβ;NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染后,NGFβ的表達(dá)多于未轉(zhuǎn)染組(P<0.05)。HIF-1α的表達(dá)量:HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染共培養(yǎng)能增加神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)層中的HIF-1α。VEGF的表達(dá)量:BMSCs共培養(yǎng)能增加神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)層中的VEGF;D組與B組有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),說(shuō)明HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染能增加VEGF的表達(dá)。見(jiàn)表1。

7 Image pro-Plus測(cè)量神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度 神經(jīng)元與BMSCs厭氧共培養(yǎng)48 h后,倒置相差顯微鏡觀(guān)察神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)情況:B、C、D、E 4組軸突長(zhǎng)度明顯大于A組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng)能夠促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元軸突的生長(zhǎng);B組的軸突長(zhǎng)度大于A組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明BMSCs共培養(yǎng)能促進(jìn)軸突的生長(zhǎng);C、D兩組與B組相比有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),說(shuō)明NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs和HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs對(duì)神經(jīng)元軸突生長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用大于未轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs;E組與C、D兩組相比有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),說(shuō)明NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs對(duì)神經(jīng)元軸突生長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用大于單一轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs,NGFβ和HIF-1α可能存在協(xié)同作用。見(jiàn)圖6、圖7。

圖 3 Western blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后BMSCs的NGFβ表達(dá)Fig. 3 Expression of NGFβof transfected BMSCs detected by Western blot A: non-transfected group; B: NGFβ transfected group; C: HIF-1αtransfected group; D: NGFβ/ HIF-1αdouble transfected group

圖 4 Western blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后BMSCs的HIF-1α表達(dá)Fig. 4 Expression of HIF-1αof transfected BMSCs detected by Western blot A: non-transfected group; B: NGFβ transfected group; C: HIF-1αtransfected group; D: NGFβ/ HIF-1αdouble transfected group

圖 5 神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)1 d (×200)Fig. 5 Neurons cultured for 1 day (× 200)

表1 ELISA檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)上清中NGFβ、HIF-1α、VEGF的表達(dá)Tab. 1 Expression of NGF β, HIF-1 α, VEGF detected by ELISA (±s, n=6)

表1 ELISA檢測(cè)培養(yǎng)上清中NGFβ、HIF-1α、VEGF的表達(dá)Tab. 1 Expression of NGF β, HIF-1 α, VEGF detected by ELISA (±s, n=6)

aP<0.05, vs group A;bP<0.05, vs group B;cP<0.05, vs group B;dP<0.05, vs group A ;eP<0.05, vs group B

GroupABCDE NGF (pg/ml)15.07±1.1840.72±1.07a140.21±2.97b40.23±1.23138.74±3.62 HIF-1α(pg/ml)13.93±0.9313.95±0.9214.57±0.6534.56±1.47c33.70±2.61 VEGF (pg/ml)4.15±0.147.36±0.58d9.67±0.6139.65±1.33e39.82±1.87

圖 6 各組神經(jīng)元軸突生長(zhǎng)情況(×200)Fig. 6 Growth of neuron axon in each group detected by light microscopy (×200) A: neuron cultured alone; B: neuron co-cultured with BMSCs; C: neuron co-cultured with NGFβ transfected BMSCs; D: neuron co-cultured with HIF-1αtransfected BMSCs; E: neuron co-cultured with NGFβ/HIF-1αdouble transfected BMSCs

圖 7 各組神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度單因素方差分析結(jié)果 (±s, n=20)Fig. 7 Results of one-way ANOVA of neurons axon length in each group (±s, n=20)aP<0.05, vs group A;bP<0.05, vs group B;cP<0.05, vs group C and group D

討 論

NGF是神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子家族中的重要成員,在周?chē)窠?jīng)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的過(guò)程和保持中樞神經(jīng)膽堿能神經(jīng)元功能方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,在促進(jìn)軸突再生方面也發(fā)揮重要作用[12]。Sharma[13]研究了NGF在大鼠發(fā)育過(guò)程中的表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果表明,在脊髓組織中NGF受體的RNA表達(dá)量很低,在正常情況下不能對(duì)NGF產(chǎn)生應(yīng)答反應(yīng)。De Laporte等[14]應(yīng)用Northern斑點(diǎn)雜交的方法研究了大鼠脊髓損傷后NGF受體RNA的表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果顯示,在脊髓損傷后4 d,受損區(qū)域的NGF受體RNA表達(dá)量顯著增多;7 d時(shí)表達(dá)量達(dá)到峰值,為正常情況下的6倍左右;28 d時(shí),其表達(dá)量仍然維持在正常水平的4倍左右。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們構(gòu)建了表達(dá)NGFβ的慢病毒載體,Western blot結(jié)果顯示,NGFβ轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs成功表達(dá)了目的基因NGFβ。

HIF-1是一個(gè)螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,在哺乳動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中起重要作用。隨著細(xì)胞氧濃度降低,HIF-1轉(zhuǎn)錄活性和HIF-1α表達(dá)呈指數(shù)增加。HIF-1是由HIF-1α和HIF-1β亞基組成的異源二聚體[15]。其中HIF-1α亞基的表達(dá)和激活與細(xì)胞氧濃度密切相關(guān)。在缺氧條件下,HIF-1α能夠激活促紅細(xì)胞生成素、葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體、糖酵解酶、VEGF等的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄過(guò)程,這些蛋白可以提高細(xì)胞的氧輸送和促進(jìn)代謝適應(yīng)低氧環(huán)境的能力。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們構(gòu)建了表達(dá)HIF-1α的慢病毒載體,Western blot結(jié)果顯示,HIF-1α轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs成功表達(dá)了目的基因HIF-1α;神經(jīng)元培養(yǎng)上清液ELISA結(jié)果顯示,D組的HIF-1α和VEGF的含量大于B組,說(shuō)明HIF-1α能夠上調(diào)VEGF的表達(dá),與前人研究結(jié)果相吻合。神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度測(cè)量結(jié)果顯示,D組的神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度大于B組,說(shuō)明微環(huán)境中存在的HIF-1α能夠提高神經(jīng)元對(duì)抗缺氧環(huán)境的能力,促進(jìn)軸突的生長(zhǎng)。

Malgieri等[16]的研究表明,移植BMSCs具有降低神經(jīng)元脫髓鞘,減少神經(jīng)抑制分子,促進(jìn)軸突再生,引導(dǎo)軸突生長(zhǎng)的作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中Image pro-Plus測(cè)量神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度的結(jié)果顯示,B組軸突長(zhǎng)度與A組相比,有明顯差異,說(shuō)明BMSCs能夠促進(jìn)軸突的生長(zhǎng),與前人研究結(jié)果一致。Lujan等[17]的研究表明,在脊髓損傷后出現(xiàn)NGF受體RNA的顯著增高與運(yùn)動(dòng)和感覺(jué)神經(jīng)的傳導(dǎo)通路受損相關(guān),其原因在于脊髓損傷后增加NGF可抑制神經(jīng)元進(jìn)一步發(fā)生壞死和凋亡,在保護(hù)神經(jīng)元方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,神經(jīng)元軸突長(zhǎng)度的測(cè)量結(jié)果顯示,C組的軸突長(zhǎng)度大于B組,說(shuō)明NGFβ能夠促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元軸突的生長(zhǎng),與前人的研究結(jié)果相符。HIF-1α作為氧含量調(diào)控通路中重要的蛋白質(zhì),通過(guò)啟動(dòng)靶基因中低氧作用元件,促使低氧相關(guān)基因進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄并翻譯保護(hù)蛋白,進(jìn)而使組織和細(xì)胞在缺血和缺氧的環(huán)境中耐受性增強(qiáng)[18]。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,NGFβ/HIF-1α雙重轉(zhuǎn)染的BMSCs與神經(jīng)元共培養(yǎng)組,在厭氧環(huán)境下,神經(jīng)元軸突的生長(zhǎng)情況好于單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)染NGFβ和HIF-1α的BMSCs組,這一點(diǎn)證實(shí)了我們的推測(cè):NGFβ和HIF-1α可能發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元軸突再生。但是,對(duì)于兩者如何發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,以及相互作用的機(jī)制尚不明確,有待進(jìn)一步的研究。

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Effect of NGFβ/HIF-1α double transfected BMSCs on neuron axonal regeneration

ZHUANG Pei-yuan, LYU Gang, FAN Zhong-kai, LI Yong-ming, ZHANG Yu-qiang, JIA Zhi-qiang
First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China

LYU Gang. Email: ganglv-sy@163.com; FAN Zhong-kai. Email: flanzz@163.com

ObjectiveTo observe the improvement of axonal regeneration microenvironment affected by NGFβ/HIF-1α double gene transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and provide information about neuron axonal regeneration in microenvironment.MethodsLentiviral vector encoding NGFβ and HIF-1α were constructed and MOI were used to transfect BMSCs, then the expression of NGFβ and HIF-1α were detected by using western blot. Co-culture system with transwell double plates which include neurons and transfected BMSCs were constructed and then it was put in anaerobic tank for 48 hours, the expression of NGFβ, HIF-1α and VEGF in culture medium were detected by ELISA and the length of axons were measured by using Image pro-Plus software. There were five groups in this study, Group A: neuron without BMSCs; Group B: neuron with BMSCs; Group C: neuron with NGFβ transfected BMSCs; Group D: neuron with HIF-1α transfected BMSCs; Group E: neuron with NGFβ/HIF-1α double transfected BMSCs.ResultsThe transfection efficiency of Le-RFP-NGF and Le-GFP-HIF-1α was 84.83% and 89.63%, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that transfected BMSCs could express the target protein NGFβ and HIF-1α. ELISA analysis of the co-culture system showed that the expression of NGFβ in Group C and Group E was significantly higher than in Group A and Group B (P<0.05), the expression of HIF-1α in Group D and Group E was significantly higher than in Group A and Group B (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF in Group D and Group E was significantly higher than in Group A and Group B. Image pro-Plus measurement showed that axon length of Group C, Group D and Group E was greater than that of Group A and Group B (P<0.05), furthermore, axon length of Group E (neuron with NGFβ/HIF-1α double transfected BMSCs) was greater than that of Group C and Group D (P<0.05).ConclusionThe axons co-cultured with NGFβ/HIF-1α double transfected BMSC grow well and NGFβ, HIF-1α and VEGF, which play important roles in neuronal survival, are highly expressed in the coculture environment.

R 338.1

A

2095-5227(2014)11-1141-06

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.11.017

時(shí)間:2014-07-31 09:59 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3275.R.20140731.0959.001.html

2014-05-15

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81101421)

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101421)

莊培袁,男,在讀碩士。研究方向:脊髓損傷與修復(fù)。Email: obey0305@126.com

呂剛,男,主任醫(yī)師,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師。Email: ganglv-sy@163.com;范仲凱,男,副主任醫(yī)師,副教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師。Email: flanzz@163.com

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