嚴(yán)愛芬++++++陳捷
[摘要] 目的 探討Obestatin水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟?。–HD)的相關(guān)性。 方法 選取行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影確診CHD患者90例(觀察組),選取同期在體檢中心檢查的健康人60例(對(duì)照組)。檢測(cè)血清Obestatin、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)、纖維蛋白原(Fg)等指標(biāo)的濃度,探究Obestatin水平與CHD的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 觀察組患者Obestatin水平較對(duì)照組顯著升高(P < 0.01)。Obestatin與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg、TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)呈正相關(guān),與HDL呈負(fù)相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 CHD患者血清Obestatin水平顯著升高,推測(cè)Obestatin可能是CHD的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因子。
[關(guān)鍵詞] Obestatin;Hcy;冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟病;相關(guān)性
[中圖分類號(hào)] R541.4 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2014)09-0138-03
冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟病簡(jiǎn)稱為“冠心病”,因發(fā)病率高,且死亡率高,嚴(yán)重威脅著人類健康,故被稱為“人類第一殺手”。Obestatin是一種Ghrelin相關(guān)肽,Obestatin在能量代謝和肥胖方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,但關(guān)于Obestatin在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化方面的研究還有待進(jìn)一步深入。同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)是CHD的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,Hcy是一種會(huì)致使血管損傷的氨基酸[1],而其導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的機(jī)制尚不是很清楚,可能與導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷、促進(jìn)血管鈣化、致血栓形成、參與炎性反應(yīng)、影響血管平滑肌增殖等幾個(gè)方面有關(guān)[2]。hs-CRP目前被認(rèn)為是與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化關(guān)系最密切的炎癥標(biāo)志物之一[3],但它們與Obestatin的相關(guān)性報(bào)道文獻(xiàn)不多。因此有必要探討Obestatin在冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟病中的變化及與Hcy、hs-CRP等指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選擇于2012年1月~2013年6月在我院心血管內(nèi)科住院行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影術(shù)確診的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟?。–HD)患者90例,排除胃切除、腫瘤、生長(zhǎng)激素缺乏、惡病質(zhì)、嚴(yán)重感染、糖尿病、甲狀腺疾病、未控制的嚴(yán)重高血壓、應(yīng)用類固醇治療者及其他嚴(yán)重的全身疾病的患者,其中男58例,女32例,年齡40~86歲,平均(64.6±11.2)歲;根據(jù)中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì)2007年冠心病分類診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),臨床診斷為急性心肌梗死(AMI)組、不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛(UAP)組、穩(wěn)定型心絞痛(SAP)組。將觀察組分為AMI組28例(男17例,女11例)、UAP組30例(男18例,女12例)、SAP組32例(男23例,女9例);對(duì)照組是同時(shí)期在本院體檢中心檢查的正常人60例,男37例,女23例,年齡36~70歲,平均(51.7±13.0)歲,均無糖尿病、高血壓、高血脂、腦梗死、腎炎、肝硬化及出凝血疾病。各組間年齡、性別上差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 觀察指標(biāo) 記錄每位患者的年齡、性別、血壓等情況。
1.2.2 Obestatin、Hcy、hs-CRP、纖維蛋白原(Fg)及血脂(TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)、HDL)濃度檢測(cè) 患者入院后空腹12 h后早晨抽取肘靜脈血4 mL于黃色生化分離管,2.7 mL于藍(lán)色枸櫞酸鈉抗凝管。室溫下離心(3600 r/min,15 min),取上層血清,用于Obestatin檢測(cè)的血清1 mL保存于-20℃低溫,其他項(xiàng)目都在當(dāng)日完成檢測(cè)。Obestatin水平采用酶聯(lián)免疫分析技術(shù)(ELISA法)測(cè)定,試劑盒由浙大生科生物技術(shù)有限公司提供,批內(nèi)<9%,批間<15%,樣本線性回歸與預(yù)期濃度相關(guān)系數(shù)r值為0.92以上。嚴(yán)格按照說明書對(duì)所有樣本同一批次進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。Hcy、hs-CRP、血脂(TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)、HDL)由OlympusAU5431全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定,使用原裝試劑,按說明書操作。Fg由STAGO全自動(dòng)血凝儀測(cè)定,使用原裝試劑,按說明書操作。
1.2.3 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影 按美國心臟病學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)/美國心臟學(xué)會(huì)(ACC/AHA)的冠狀動(dòng)脈造影指南,采用飛利浦公司的Integris CV-DSA。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間的比較采用方差分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 觀察組與對(duì)照組、AMI、UAP、SAP三組間血清Obestatin水平比較
觀察組與對(duì)照組、AMI、UAP、SAP三組間年齡、性別、血壓比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。觀察組Obestatin水平較對(duì)照組顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);AMI、UAP、SAP三組間的血清Obestatin水平略有差異,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),說明Obestatin水平與觀察組中三種疾病的類型無關(guān)。見表1。
表1 AMI、UAP、SAP三組間血清Obestatin水平比較(x±s)
2.2 觀察組患者血清Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP等指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析
觀察組血清Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg、TC、TG、LDL、Lp(a)呈正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.589、0.684、0.415、0.565、0.691、0.739、0.621),而與HDL呈負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.572)。
3 討論
2005年11月,Zhang等[4]研究證實(shí)Preproghrelin不僅可產(chǎn)生Ghrelin,另外還可產(chǎn)生一種多肽,命名為Obestatin,并且在大鼠胃組織中提取到該種激素。Obestatin由23個(gè)氨基酸組成,C末端的甘氨酸殘基帶有酰基化修飾基團(tuán),小鼠、大鼠、靈長(zhǎng)類和人類的Obestatin氨基酸序列一致。Obestatin是與Ghrelin來自同一基因的多肽,由Preproghrelin經(jīng)過不同剪切方式而形成,是孤兒受體G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體39的內(nèi)源性配體。有很多資料及研究顯示Ghrelin可作為一種心臟保護(hù)因子[5-21],而另有研究顯示在心血管系統(tǒng)中Obestatin與Ghrelin具有相反的生物學(xué)意義[22-24]。Hcy是最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的心血管疾病獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,現(xiàn)有越來越多的研究顯示,高Hcy血癥增加了心血管系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[25,26]。而hs-CRP是一個(gè)重要的敏感炎性反應(yīng)標(biāo)志物,其水平高低與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的程度相關(guān)。Wu等[27]研究顯示,冠心病者血漿hs-CRP水平明顯高于非冠心病者。endprint
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組較對(duì)照組Obestatin水平顯著升高,表明Obestatin可能是CHD患者的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。在觀察組中按照疾病分類的三組AMI、UAP、SAP之間水平略有差異,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),推測(cè)可能CHD患者Obestatin水平升高與冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度和病變部位關(guān)系不大。有研究表明Obestatin可能參與機(jī)體糖代謝的調(diào)節(jié),與機(jī)體的糖代謝異常有關(guān)[28-32]。Obestatin水平與Hcy、hs-CRP、Fg及血脂呈正相關(guān),說明Hcy、hs-CRP是CHD患者的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。張帥[33]提出,Hcy、hs-CRP致使機(jī)體發(fā)生炎癥反應(yīng)而處于血栓前狀態(tài),從而增加患者發(fā)生CHD的可能性,Hcy水平與CHD患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)。
總之,本研究提示冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化心臟病患者血清Obestatin水平明顯升高,并與冠心病的某些危險(xiǎn)因素相關(guān),故推測(cè)Obestatin可能是CHD的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因子。考慮到由于本研究標(biāo)本數(shù)量有限,相關(guān)結(jié)論還需進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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[19] Nagaya N,Moriya J,Yasumura Y,et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function,exercise capacity,and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Circulation,2004,110(24):3674-3679.
[20] Purnell JQ,Weigle DS,Breen P,et al. Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels,insulin resistance,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(12):5747-5752.
[21] Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Teranishi Y,et al. Ghrelin improves endothelial dysfunction through growth hormone-independent mechanisms in rats[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,310(3):830-835.
[22] Lagaud GJ, Young A, Acena A,et al. Obestatin reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in rodents[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,357(1):264-269.
[23] Green BD, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Direct and indirect effects of obestatin peptides on food intake and the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice[J]. Peptides, 2007, 28(5):981-987.
[24] Szentirmai E, Krueger JM. Obestatin alters sleep in rats[J]. Neurosci Lett,2006,404(1-2):222-226.
[25] 蘇健,陸義萍,鳳爾翠,等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸水平與冠心病關(guān)系的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2009, 9(8):862-865.
[26] Yagura C,Takamura N,Kadota K,et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and related clinical markers in healthy young Japanese adults[J]. Clin Chemlab Med,2007,45(2):220-225.
[27] Wu MH,Wang JH,Lai CP,et al. Association of hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction[J]. Int J Cardiol,2004,97(Suppl 2):47-49.
[28] Langenberg C, Bergstrom J, Laughlin GA, et al. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(12):6448-6453.
[29] Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, et al. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents[J]. Metabolism,2005, 54(7):925-929.
[30] Chu MC, Cosper P, Orio F, et al. Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin,leptin,resistin,and ghrelin[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,194(1):100-104.
[31] Qi X, Li L,Yang G, et al. Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2007,66(4):593-597.
[32] Chanoine JP, Wong AC, Barrios V,et al. Obestatin, acylated and total ghrelin concentrations in the perinatal rat pancreas[J]. Horm Res,2006,66(2):81-88.
[33] 張帥. 酶法同型半胱氨酸和超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白在冠心病中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2011,9(24):113-114.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
[15] Li GZ,Jiang W,Zhao J, et al. Ghrelin blunted vascular calcification in vivo and in vitro in rats[J]. Regul Pept,2005,129(1-3):167-176.
[16] Nagaya N,Kangawa K. Therapeutic potential of ghrelin in the treatment of heart failure[J]. Drugs,2006,66(4):439-448.
[17] Benso A,Broglio F, Marafetti L, et al. Ghrelin and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues are cardioactive molecules with identities and differences[J]. Semin Vasc Med,2004,4(2):107-114.
[18] Chang L,Ren Y,Liu X,et al. Protective effects of ghrelin on ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol,2004,43(2):165-170.
[19] Nagaya N,Moriya J,Yasumura Y,et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function,exercise capacity,and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure[J]. Circulation,2004,110(24):3674-3679.
[20] Purnell JQ,Weigle DS,Breen P,et al. Ghrelin levels correlate with insulin levels,insulin resistance,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not with gender, menopausal status, or cortisol levels in humans[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(12):5747-5752.
[21] Shimizu Y, Nagaya N, Teranishi Y,et al. Ghrelin improves endothelial dysfunction through growth hormone-independent mechanisms in rats[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,310(3):830-835.
[22] Lagaud GJ, Young A, Acena A,et al. Obestatin reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in rodents[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,357(1):264-269.
[23] Green BD, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Direct and indirect effects of obestatin peptides on food intake and the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mice[J]. Peptides, 2007, 28(5):981-987.
[24] Szentirmai E, Krueger JM. Obestatin alters sleep in rats[J]. Neurosci Lett,2006,404(1-2):222-226.
[25] 蘇健,陸義萍,鳳爾翠,等. 血漿同型半胱氨酸水平與冠心病關(guān)系的Meta分析[J]. 中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2009, 9(8):862-865.
[26] Yagura C,Takamura N,Kadota K,et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and related clinical markers in healthy young Japanese adults[J]. Clin Chemlab Med,2007,45(2):220-225.
[27] Wu MH,Wang JH,Lai CP,et al. Association of hs-CRP with the severity of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction[J]. Int J Cardiol,2004,97(Suppl 2):47-49.
[28] Langenberg C, Bergstrom J, Laughlin GA, et al. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(12):6448-6453.
[29] Park HS, Lee KU, Kim YS, et al. Relationships between fasting plasma ghrelin levels and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents[J]. Metabolism,2005, 54(7):925-929.
[30] Chu MC, Cosper P, Orio F, et al. Insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome and the measurements of adiponectin,leptin,resistin,and ghrelin[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2006,194(1):100-104.
[31] Qi X, Li L,Yang G, et al. Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2007,66(4):593-597.
[32] Chanoine JP, Wong AC, Barrios V,et al. Obestatin, acylated and total ghrelin concentrations in the perinatal rat pancreas[J]. Horm Res,2006,66(2):81-88.
[33] 張帥. 酶法同型半胱氨酸和超敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白在冠心病中的應(yīng)用[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2011,9(24):113-114.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
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