楊培麗等
摘要[目的]針對傳統(tǒng)常規(guī)施肥存在肥料利用率低、用工量大的問題,研究柑橘水肥一體化技術(shù)對產(chǎn)量和效益的影響,以達(dá)到節(jié)肥、省工、增效的目的。[方法]以廣西壯族自治區(qū)柳州市柳城縣種植的早熟溫州蜜柑(宮川)、柳城蜜橘、沙糖橘為試材,采用配方肥與滴灌結(jié)合的水肥一體化施肥方式,統(tǒng)計不同處理對產(chǎn)量和效益的影響。[結(jié)果]采用水肥一體化不同施肥處理,與對照相比,處理①、處理②、處理③化肥使用成本分別下降了55.04%、39.96%和24.98%,人工成本下降了68.89%,產(chǎn)量則有較大幅度的增加。其中,以處理②效果最佳。[結(jié)論]傳統(tǒng)常規(guī)施肥存在肥料利用率低、浪費大、用工多的問題。采用水肥一體化技術(shù)是一個較好的解決途徑。
關(guān)鍵詞柑橘;滴灌;配方施肥;水肥一體化
中圖分類號S666文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)14-04266-03
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Yield and Benefit of Citrus
YANG Peili, TANG Zhipeng et al(Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004)
Abstract[Objective] Aiming at the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor by the traditional fertilization technique, the effects of yield and benefit on the citrus were studied by integration technology of water and fertilizer, which achieved the purpose of the saving fertilizer and work, and the increasing efficiency. [Method] As the test materials of the precocious Gongchuan mandarin, Liucheng tangerine and Satang tangerine in Liucheng County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, the effects of yield and benefit of different treatments were counted up by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation. [Result] By the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation, compared with the control, fertilizer use cost of treatment①, treatment② and treatment③ decreased by 55.04%, 39.96% and 24.98% respectively, labor costs decreased by 68.89%, production has greatly increased. Among them, the best effect was treatment ②. [Conclusion] Using the traditional fertilization technique had the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor, a better solution way was used by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation.
Key wordsCitrus;Drip irrigation;Formula fertilization;Integration of water and fertilizer
柑橘是我國果樹產(chǎn)業(yè)中大產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,其栽培面積和產(chǎn)量均居世界第一位。柑橘產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展對我國農(nóng)民增收和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起較大的促進(jìn)作用。但是,柑橘傳統(tǒng)栽培管理技術(shù)已不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代新技術(shù)發(fā)展的需要。對傳統(tǒng)栽培管理技術(shù)進(jìn)行改革是柑橘栽培管理技術(shù)研究的重要課題之一。傳統(tǒng)栽培管理技術(shù)中存在施肥次數(shù)多、施肥總量多、用水多、用工多、肥料和水的利用率低的問題。針對這一主要問題,已有在果樹上從滴灌技術(shù)、配方施肥、肥水耦合技術(shù)等方面的研究報道[1-4],但大多從單一因子進(jìn)行研究,從綜合性方面進(jìn)行研究尚未見報道。筆者探索了減少施肥總量和施肥次數(shù),把配方施肥與滴灌技術(shù)起來,實現(xiàn)水肥一體化的栽培管理技術(shù),達(dá)到節(jié)肥、省工、增效的目的,為生產(chǎn)上柑橘栽培管理技術(shù)提供參考依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
3結(jié)論與討論
(1)與對照相比,處理①、處理②、處理③化肥使用成本分別下降了55.04%、39.96%和24.98%,人工成本下降了68.89%,產(chǎn)量則有較大幅度增加。試驗結(jié)果表明,傳統(tǒng)常規(guī)施肥存在肥料利用率低、浪費大、用工多的問題。采用水肥一體化技術(shù)是一個較好的解決途徑。
(2)肥水耦合是指水分和肥料二者之間的相互作用對植物生長及其利用效率的影響。這是對傳統(tǒng)施肥技術(shù)的重要改良。它可以做到以肥調(diào)水、以水促肥、肥水協(xié)調(diào),是提高肥水利用效率、減少環(huán)境污染、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)增收、節(jié)支的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。以往對大田作物的肥水耦合技術(shù)和效果研究較多,但在柑橘等果樹上的應(yīng)用研究少有報道[3]。該研究采用配方肥結(jié)合滴灌的施肥方式,確實起到肥水協(xié)調(diào)、提高產(chǎn)量的作用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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