主持人的話:蛙泳雖然是四種泳姿中游進(jìn)速度最慢,且技術(shù)極為精細(xì),難以全面掌握的一種泳姿,但同時(shí),它也是在大眾中最為普及的泳姿。本期將按照腿部動(dòng)作、手部動(dòng)作、配合和呼吸的順序和大家分享在蛙泳技術(shù)動(dòng)作和技術(shù)練習(xí)方法中常用的雙語(yǔ)知識(shí)。
____張夢(mèng)雪
When you are trying to do the kick of breaststroke, five phases are included:recovery, outsweep, insweep, lift and glide.
在完成蛙泳的蹬腿動(dòng)作時(shí),要經(jīng)歷五個(gè)步驟,分別是:收腿、外翻、向內(nèi)蹬水、上抬和滑行。
The recovery phase, which happens after the completion of propulsive phase of the armstroke, is a preparing phase for the kick.收腿在手部動(dòng)作完成推進(jìn)力之后進(jìn)行,目的是為整個(gè)蛙泳蹬腿做好準(zhǔn)備。
During this phase, the lower legs should be brought forward by the flexion at the knees, not at the hips, to be very close to the buttocks (Fig 1, 2).在收腿階段,通過(guò)屈膝而非屈髖使得小腿前收靠近臀部(圖1,2)。
As the recovery is a preparing phase which would not increase any propulsion,try to do it quickly but softly so that you will not make more decrease in speed. 由于收腿階段是并不產(chǎn)生任何推進(jìn)力的準(zhǔn)備階段,因此應(yīng)嘗試盡量快速但較為輕柔地完成收腿動(dòng)作,以避免使前進(jìn)速度下降得更厲害。
Figure 1(圖1)
Figure 2(圖2)
Figure 3(圖3)
Recovery:一般作“恢復(fù)、康復(fù);收回,重獲”講,在蛙泳腿部動(dòng)作中意思為“收腿”。但事實(shí)上,recovery這個(gè)詞和游泳技術(shù)的聯(lián)系遠(yuǎn)不止于此。但凡在技術(shù)動(dòng)作中涉及到讓身體部位恢復(fù)到原始位置的動(dòng)作時(shí),recovery都可以派上用場(chǎng)。如蛙泳中的向前伸臂,自由泳、仰泳、蝶泳中的空中移臂階段,對(duì)應(yīng)的英文單詞都是recovery.
Propulsive Phase:?jiǎn)?詞 短 語(yǔ),意為“推進(jìn)力階段”。第一個(gè)單詞propulsive意思是“有推進(jìn)力的”,它的名詞形式是propulsion,推進(jìn)力。不論是propulsive phase,還 是propulsion, 或者說(shuō)propulsive force(推進(jìn)力)在游泳中的運(yùn)用都很多,與“讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體加速前進(jìn)”的有關(guān)問(wèn)題相關(guān)。
The lower legs:小 腿;Knee:膝 蓋;Hip:髖;Buttocks:臀部
During this phase, the feet should be circled outwards as soon as they approach the buttocks. They would stop only after they are facing back against the water and outside the hips to get the catch position (Fig 3). 在這一階段,當(dāng)完成收腿靠近臀部時(shí),雙腳開始外翻,直至雙腳位于髖關(guān)節(jié)外側(cè),向后對(duì)準(zhǔn)水,達(dá)到抓水位置(圖3)。
Swimmers should flex the thighs at the hip slightly during the outsweep , so that more propulsive force can be produced due to both the hip and knee extensor muscles will be motivated during the insweep that follows. 在外翻階段,運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)稍屈髖,從而在接下來(lái)的向內(nèi)蹬水階段可以同時(shí)動(dòng)員伸髖肌群和伸膝肌群,以產(chǎn)生更大的推進(jìn)力。
Facing back against the water:短語(yǔ),意為“向后對(duì)水”。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)其實(shí)不是英文中約定俗成的固定短語(yǔ),但在游泳中卻是非常常見的,幾乎每一個(gè)講形成抓水位置,開始產(chǎn)生推進(jìn)力之前的動(dòng)作都會(huì)用到它。
The catch position: “抓水位置”。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)對(duì)游泳技術(shù)來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要啊,畢竟不能很好地抓水就意味著之后不能很好地獲得推進(jìn)力了。所以如果在文章中看到the catch position,一定要格外注意前后文都說(shuō)了哪些很重要的事情。
Extensor muscles:也 可 以 僅 寫 作“extensor”,意為“伸肌”,與flexor/ flexor muscle(屈?。┫鄬?duì)應(yīng)