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細節(jié)決定成敗

2014-03-20 00:35彭芳
中學教學參考·語英版 2014年1期
關鍵詞:限制性逗號標點符號

彭芳

英語中的標點符號看似貌不驚人,微不足道,實則“八仙過海,各顯神通”。標點符號在語義結構中扮演和發(fā)揮至關重要的角色和作用,它的特殊功能涵蓋在高中英語的各個題型當中。題干中一個小小的標點符號可以起到提示功能、斷句功能。若能仔細觀察,注意這個細節(jié)特征,分析語境,將有助于確定答案,尤其是在名詞性從句、定語從句、非謂語動詞以及一些特殊句式結構中起著決定性的作用。下面就標點符號在不同句式結構中所起的提示作用例析如下。

一、在名詞性從句中

1. happens to call while I am out of the office, please let him leave the message for me.

A. Who B. Anyone C. Someone D. Whoever

【答案與解析】答案為D。逗號表明這是一個主從復合句,前面的句子是whoever引導的讓步狀語從句。此題容易誤選C,忽略句子中間的逗號,認為空格部分缺句子的主語,充當句子主語的應是名詞或代詞。

2.How will they deal with the problem on his attitude?

A. to depend B. depending

C. dependedD. depends

【答案與解析】答案為B。由句末的“?”可知How是疑問代詞, will they deal with是句子謂語,所以該句中要用depending on his attitude 在句中作狀語。若將問號改為句號,答案則為D。

二、在狀語從句中

1.He sent me an e-mail, to get further information.

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

【答案與解析】答案為B。分詞作狀語。

2. , he went to the party.

A. He was not invited B. Not inviting

C. Not invitedD. Invited not

【答案與解析】答案為C。分詞的否定形式作狀語。若忽略句子中的逗號,就會錯選A。

3.There no bus, we had to go by bike.

A. is B. being C. was D. had

【答案與解析】該題答案為B。構成獨立主格結構。若將句子中的逗號變?yōu)榫涮枺渚妥兂蓛蓚€獨立的句子,則答案為C。

三、 在定語從句中

標點符號是非限制性定語從句的標志,也是區(qū)分非限制性定語從句和其他句式結構的標志,因此在解考查非限制性定語從句的題中也起到了不可低估的作用。例如:

1. , China has successfully won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. It is well known that B. We all know that

C. It is well knownD. As is well known

【答案與解析】答案為D。短線后的逗號表明前面為as引導的非限制性定語從句。若不注意短線后的逗號,則會誤選A或B。

2.The old couple have two children, able to come to see them when they fell lonely, however.

A. both of them areB. both of whom are

C. neither of them isD. neither of whom is

【答案與解析】答案為D。逗號表明后面的從句是介詞加關系代詞引導的非限制性定語從句,因此答案在B、D之中去選,然后根據(jù)however 可判斷,用否定詞neither,所以答案為 D。若將逗號改為句號,則答案為C。

四、在特殊句式結構中

標點符號可以幫助我們準確判斷出考題的句式結構,例如強調(diào)句、祈使句等。

1. this book—perhaps you will enjoy it.

A. Reading B. Read C. to read D. having read

【答案與解析】正確答案應選B。破折號作用相當于連詞and,也就是Read this book and perhaps you will enjoy it.即:祈使句+and / or (else) +條件從句。若忽略句子中的破折號的作用,就會誤選A或C,認為考查非謂語動詞。

2.It was the driver, not the passenger, was to blame.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

【答案與解析】 正確答案為C。這是It was ... that 強調(diào)句,被強調(diào)部分為the driver,而not the passenger是插入語。此處易受空格前逗號的影響,誤認為這是一個非限制性定語從句,從而誤選A。

由此可見,細節(jié)決定成敗。要正確判斷出題人的意圖,看出句子結構,選出正確答案,決不能忽略句子中小小的標點符號。

(責任編輯 周侯辰)

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