董建輝
強調(diào)句式是中學(xué)英語重點語法內(nèi)容之一,也是每年中高考必考的語法項目??v觀多年的中高考試題,并結(jié)合本人多年的教學(xué)積累,現(xiàn)將強調(diào)句的常用句式、判斷方法,以及強調(diào)句的一些特殊現(xiàn)象總結(jié)如下,希望對大家有所幫助。
一、 強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法
強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強調(diào)成分+that+句子其余的部分.以句子“Mr Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.”來說明如何對一個句子的某個成分進行強調(diào)。
1. 強調(diào)主語。如:
It was Mr Zhang who told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.
2. 強調(diào)賓語。有些動詞可帶有雙賓語,直接賓語和間接賓語,所以可以對兩個賓語進行強調(diào)。如:
It was his students that Mr Zhang told an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.
It was an interesting story that Mr Zhang told his students in the classroom yesterday.
3. 強調(diào)地點狀語。如:
It was in the classroom that Mr Zhang told his students an interesting story yesterday.
4. 強調(diào)時間狀語。如:
It was yesterday that Mr Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom.
二、強調(diào)句的判斷方法
1.用還原法判斷。英語中“It is/was...”型的句式很多,對于中學(xué)生來說,出現(xiàn)這種句式很難將它們區(qū)分開來,所以只有掌握了對它們的基本的判斷方法,方可迎刃而解。用還原法判斷“It is/was...”結(jié)構(gòu)是否是強調(diào)句,只是將已經(jīng)強調(diào)的句子還原為以前未強調(diào)的句子。我們知道“It is/was...that...” 強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)對句子的某個部分進行強調(diào)時,是將原句中需要被強調(diào)的某個部分提出來置于is/was之后that之前而實現(xiàn)的,由此我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)is/was之后that之前的部分恰好是原句子中所缺少的部分。所以要判斷一個“It is/was...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子是否是強調(diào)句,只需要將“It is/was...that...”這個框架去掉,只對剩余的句子在不加詞、不減詞的情況下微調(diào)整一下語序,若仍然是一個完整的句子,這就是強調(diào)句。例如:
It was the Great Wall that we visited last week.如果將“It was...that...”去掉,只需將the Great Wall 調(diào)整到賓語的位置上,就變?yōu)椋篧e visited the Great Wall last week.所以原句是一個強調(diào)句。
It is the truth that we visited the Great Wall last week. 如果將“It is...that...”去掉,the truth無法還原到后面的句子中,且剩余的部分無法構(gòu)成一個完整的句子,所以這不是一個強調(diào)句。在這個句子中it是形式主語,代替that從句,故整個句子是一個含有主語從句的復(fù)合句。
2.根據(jù)語境判斷。有些含在一定語境中的“It was...” 結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇題,即使按照強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)選that后,又用還原法可以還原為一個完整的句子,若只看單個句子,理解為強調(diào)句是正確的,但在具體語境中并非是強調(diào)句。例如:
—Where did you meet Mr Smith yesterday?
—It was in the factory we worked 10 years ago.
A. that B. where
在這個題中若只看答語,可選A,然后可又還原為:We worked in the factory 10 years ago.這是一個結(jié)構(gòu)、意義完整的句子,是強調(diào)句。但放到這個具體的語境中:“—你昨天是在什么地方見到Mr Smith的?—我是在我們十年前曾工作過的工廠里見到他的?!贝鸢钢荒転锽。由此可見,看到一個像強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)的句式的題,既要結(jié)合還原法,還不能放過具體的語境,只有這樣才能做到判斷的準確無誤。
三、 強調(diào)句的特殊現(xiàn)象
1.若對倒裝句的某一部分進行強調(diào),原倒裝句不再倒裝。如:
Never has she seen a snake before. 對a snake強調(diào):It is a snake that she has never seen before.
2.當強調(diào)部分為時間狀語或地點狀語時,有可能在作狀語的某個名詞后面帶定語從句,修飾時間狀語或地點狀語中的某個名詞,此時若要強調(diào)時間狀語或地點狀語,就連同定語從句一起放在被強調(diào)的位置。如:
Tom found his lost pen in the room where he studied for three years.強調(diào)地點狀語:It was in the room where he studied for three years that Tom found his lost pen. 本句中的where是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句來修飾the room。
強調(diào)句式這一英語語法在每年的中高考中的難度與力度正在發(fā)生著穩(wěn)中有升的變化。但只要各位老師在平時的教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)過程中不斷歸納總結(jié),再難的問題都會迎刃而解。
(責(zé)任編輯 周侯辰)