呂吉爾

定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的難點(diǎn)之一，其中非限制性定語(yǔ)從句更令同學(xué)們難以把握。筆者從非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別出發(fā)，討論關(guān)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)易錯(cuò)題目的解答方法。

1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。

例1She heard a terrible noise,

______ frightened her.

A. that B. which

C. what D. who

例2She heard a terrible noise

______ frightened her.

A. that B. /

C. what D. who

解析： 例1意為：“她聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這使她感到恐懼?！眛hat不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故選B。例2意為：“她聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)使她恐懼的可怕聲音?！币龑?dǎo)修飾noise的限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo),故選A。

2. 先行詞為reason時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

例3I had told them the reason, ______ I didnt attend the meeting.

A. for which B. at which

C. for whom D. why

例4I had told them the reason ______ I didnt attend the meeting.

A. when B. which

C. why D. for that

解析： 例3意為：“我早已把理由告訴他們，于是我沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議?！毕刃性~為reason時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo)，故選A。例4意為：“我已經(jīng)把為什么沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議的原因告訴他們?！眛he reason why...是常見(jiàn)搭配，答案為C。

3. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。

例5He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.

A. as B. which

C. / D. whom

解析： 本句意為：“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母，他像對(duì)待親生母親一樣孝敬她?！标P(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并作賓語(yǔ)，不能被省略，故選D。

4．引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來(lái)代替；但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom就不能用who替換。

例6Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?

A. which B. that

C. whom D. who

例7The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?

A. who B. whom

C. whose D. /

解析： 例6意為：“你認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆嗎? 我們談到過(guò)他?！睉?yīng)選C。例7意為：“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的？”關(guān)系代詞作mentioned的賓語(yǔ)且指人時(shí)，可用who/whom/that，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略，故C是錯(cuò)的。

5．當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞只能用as ，不能用which。此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。

例8______ I expected, he didnt believe me.

A. Which B. As

C. That D. When

解析： 本句意為：“正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他不相信我的話?！狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句，應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo)，故答案為B。

例9Mary was late for school,______ often happened.

A. as B. for which

C. that D. why

解析： 本句意為：“瑪麗上學(xué)遲到了，這是常有的事?！备鶕?jù)句意，關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的主句，其位置非常靈活，故答案為A。

6. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí)，不能用as，只能用which。

例10He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.

A. about that B. with as

C. when D. with which

解析： 本句意為：“他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，他父親對(duì)此很生氣?！眞hich位于介詞with的后面，指代前面的主句，故答案為D。

【練習(xí)題】

1. He was very rude to the customs officer, ______ of course made things even worse.

A. which B. whom

C. what D. who

2. The old lady,______ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.

A. all her children

B. all of her children

C. all of whose children

D. whose all children

3. Living in the central Australia desert has its problems,______ getting water is not the least.

A. of which B. for what

C. as D. whose

4. It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park.

A. that B. it

C. as D. which

5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital,

______ she spent her 19th birthday．

A. that B. which

C. where D. and

6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______ was very reasonable.

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

7. The Beatles,______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what B. that

C. how D. as

8. There are libraries for grown-

ups and libraries for children ______ you can borrow books to read.

A. which B. whom

C. from which D. from whom

9. The owner of the cinema need-

ed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who B. that

C. as D. which

10.______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

11. Look out! Dont get too close to the house,______ the roof is under repair.

A. whose B. which

C. of which D.what

12. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,______ we gave some bells and glasses.

A. to whom B. to which

C. with whom D. with which

13.______ has been announced, we shall have our final examination next month.

A. That B. What

C. It D. As

14. Alice received an invitation from her boss,______ came as a surprise.

A. it B. that

C. which D. he

15. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. as

C. that D. it