劉金祿 王 震 陳俊強(qiáng) 崔希剛 馬鵬飛 黎伯培
siRNA抑制Mcl-1基因表達(dá)對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞MGC-803生物學(xué)行為的影響*
劉金祿 王 震 陳俊強(qiáng)△崔希剛 馬鵬飛 黎伯培
目的 探討siRNA抑制Mcl-1基因表達(dá)后對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞MGC-803生物學(xué)行為的影響。方法合成針對(duì)Mcl-1的靶向siRNA(Mcl-1 siRNA組),以空白細(xì)胞(空白對(duì)照組)和分別轉(zhuǎn)染脂質(zhì)體試劑(脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組)及陰性對(duì)照siRNA(陰性對(duì)照組)作為對(duì)照組。噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)Mcl-1 siRNA對(duì)MGC-803細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)觀察各組細(xì)胞凋亡及周期變化情況;轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后應(yīng)用Transwell小室分析細(xì)胞侵襲、遷移能力的變化。結(jié)果Mcl-1 siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h的A值低于3個(gè)對(duì)照組(P<0.05),其細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為8.9%、21.6%和18.8%。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,Mcl-1 siRNA組細(xì)胞凋亡率高于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組(%:19.61±1.66 vs 3.69±0.37 vs 3.54±0.47 vs 3.68±0.55,F(xiàn)=12.230,P<0.05)。Mcl-1 siRNA組G0/G1[(41.03±1.86)%]、G2/M期[(1.80±0.46)%]比例均低于3個(gè)對(duì)照組,S期比例[(57.17±1.72)%]高于3個(gè)對(duì)照組(均P<0.05)。Mcl-1 siRNA組侵襲、遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)中的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)(分別是42.00±4.00、76.33±3.51)均低于空白對(duì)照組(分別是79.33±3.51、108.00±3.61)、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組(分別是74.67±2.52、110.67±4.04)和陰性對(duì)照組(分別是77.33±3.06、109.33±4.51)。以上指標(biāo)在3個(gè)對(duì)照組間差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論抑制Mcl-1表達(dá)可有效降低胃癌細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲及遷移能力,并促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡。
胃腫瘤;RNA,小分子干擾;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞凋亡;細(xì)胞侵襲;細(xì)胞遷移;siRNA;髓樣細(xì)胞白血病-1基因
髓樣細(xì)胞白血病-1(myeoid cell leukemin-1, Mcl-1)基因是Bcl-2基因家族的一員[1],有研究指出降低Mcl-1的表達(dá)可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡并導(dǎo)致其細(xì)胞周期阻滯[2-3]。但目前有關(guān)抑制Mcl-1基因表達(dá)對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞周期、侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力等方面影響的研究仍較少。本研究前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),低分化胃癌細(xì)胞株MGC-803中存在Mcl-1的高表達(dá)。本研究在此基礎(chǔ)上探討Mcl-1對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞MGC-803生長(zhǎng)、侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移、細(xì)胞凋亡及細(xì)胞周期的影響,以期進(jìn)一步明確其與胃癌發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)系。
1.1 材料 人胃癌細(xì)胞株MGC-803購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞所;DMEM培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)胎牛血清購(gòu)自美國(guó)HyClone公司;Lipofectamine 2000脂質(zhì)體購(gòu)自美國(guó)invitrogen公司;細(xì)胞凋亡和細(xì)胞周期檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自南京凱基公司;纖維粘連蛋白(FN)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Solarbio公司;Matrigel膠購(gòu)自美國(guó)BD公司;噻唑藍(lán)(MTT)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司;Transwell小室購(gòu)自美國(guó)CORNING公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 siRNA合成 根據(jù)Mcl-1(NM_021960)基因信息利用siRNA Designer System按照siRNA干擾片段的設(shè)計(jì)原則設(shè)計(jì)siRNA序列,送上海吉瑪公司合成,前期實(shí)驗(yàn)篩選出有效片段,正義鏈5′-GCA GGA UUG UGA CUC UCA UTT-3′,反義鏈5′-AUG AGA GUC ACA AUC CUG CTT-3′;同時(shí)合成FAM標(biāo)記的陰性對(duì)照,正義鏈5′-UUC UCC GAA CGU GUC ACG UTT-3′,反義鏈5′-ACG UGA CAC GUU CGG AGA ATT-3′。
1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組與轉(zhuǎn)染 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)4組。(1)空白對(duì)照組:未進(jìn)行任何轉(zhuǎn)染的胃癌細(xì)胞MGC-803。(2)脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組:轉(zhuǎn)染脂質(zhì)體。(3)陰性對(duì)照組:轉(zhuǎn)染陰性對(duì)照序列。(4)Mcl-1 siRNA組:轉(zhuǎn)染Mcl-1 siRNA干擾序列。分別按脂質(zhì)體Lipofectamine 2000說(shuō)明書于96孔板進(jìn)行瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染,每組設(shè)5個(gè)復(fù)孔。
1.2.3 胃癌細(xì)胞增殖能力檢測(cè) 參照文獻(xiàn)[4]進(jìn)行胃癌細(xì)胞增殖能力檢測(cè)。分別取轉(zhuǎn)染后0 h(轉(zhuǎn)染時(shí)間點(diǎn))、24 h、48 h、72 h的各組胃癌細(xì)胞,向每孔加5 g/L MTT溶液20 μL;避光在培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h后終止培養(yǎng)。每孔加DMSO100 μL,避光振蕩充分溶解結(jié)晶物。用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定光吸收(A)值,測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)為570 nm;繪制生長(zhǎng)曲線。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率(%)=(A空白對(duì)照組-AMcl-1siRNA組)/A空白對(duì)照組×100%。
1.2.4 胃癌細(xì)胞凋亡檢測(cè) 收集轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的細(xì)胞,調(diào)整細(xì)胞個(gè)數(shù)到(1~5)×105個(gè)并制成懸浮細(xì)胞,先加入5 μL AnnexinV-FITC混勻,再加入5 μL PI混勻。室溫、避光反應(yīng)5~15 min;在1 h內(nèi)用激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)488 nm,發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)530 nm的流式細(xì)胞儀觀察和檢測(cè)。
1.2.5 胃癌細(xì)胞周期分布檢測(cè) 分別取轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的各組胃癌細(xì)胞制成細(xì)胞懸液,并調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度至1×106/mL。加入400 μL PI染色,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)為488 nm,用620 nm波長(zhǎng)濾器檢測(cè)紅色熒光,收集數(shù)據(jù)用MultiCycle分析軟件進(jìn)行細(xì)胞周期的分析,分別計(jì)算G0/G1期、S期和G2/M期細(xì)胞的相對(duì)比例。
1.2.6 胃癌細(xì)胞侵襲及遷移能力檢測(cè) 按照Transwell及Matrigel說(shuō)明書操作。侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)于Transwell小室涂抹纖維粘連蛋白和Matrigel膠構(gòu)建基底膜,遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)不構(gòu)建基底膜。分別取轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h的各組胃癌細(xì)胞制成2×105/mL的細(xì)胞懸液,取100 μL加入Transwell小室,培養(yǎng)24 h后擦去上室內(nèi)的細(xì)胞,結(jié)晶紫染色后正置顯微鏡觀察3~5個(gè)視野計(jì)數(shù)取均值,計(jì)算穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較行SNK-q檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 Mcl-1 siRNA對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響 除轉(zhuǎn)染后0 h各組A值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義外,轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h Mcl-1 siRNA組A值均低于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組(均P<0.05),空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組3組間A值比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。Mcl-1 siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為8.9%、21.6%和18.8%。
Table 1 Time effect of siRNA interference on MGC-803 cell growth表1 各組siRNA干擾后不同時(shí)點(diǎn)A值比較(n=3±s)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01;a與Mcl-1 siRNA組比較,P<0.05;表2、3同
組別空白對(duì)照組脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組陰性對(duì)照組Mcl-1 siRNA組F 0 h 0.510±0.010 0.504±0.007 0.515±0.008 0.516±0.008 0.851 24 h 0.952±0.018a0.939±0.026a0.950±0.016a0.867±0.027 19.965*48 h 1.557±0.022a1.529±0.026a1.545±0.039a1.220±0.051 110.481**72 h 2.153±0.052a2.064±0.059a2.063±0.060a1.748±0.013 168.835**
2.2 Mcl-1 siRNA對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞凋亡的影響 Mcl-1 siRNA組細(xì)胞凋亡率(19.61±1.66)%明顯高于空白對(duì)照組(3.69±0.37)%、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組(3.54±0.47)%和陰性對(duì)照組(3.68±0.55)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=12.230,P<0.05),而空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見圖1。
2.3 Mcl-1 siRNA對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞周期的影響 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后各組MGC-803細(xì)胞中細(xì)胞周期的分布情況見圖2。Mcl-1 siRNA組G0/G1、G2/M期比例均低于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組,S期比例高于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組(均P<0.05)??瞻讓?duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組細(xì)胞周期分布差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表2。
2.4 Mcl-1 siRNA對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞侵襲、遷移能力的影響 Mcl-1 siRNA組侵襲、遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)中的穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)均低于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表3、圖3、4。
Table 2 MGC-803 cell cycle distribution of each group表2 各組MGC-803細(xì)胞周期分布比較(n=3,%±s)
組別空白對(duì)照組脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組陰性對(duì)照組Mcl-1 siRNA組F G0/G1期64.00±2.29a65.90±2.85a67.30±2.48a41.03±1.86 269.898**S期25.40±0.85a26.03±1.10a24.63±1.01a57.17±1.72 921.818**G2/M期10.60±1.49a8.07±1.76a8.07±1.48a1.80±0.46 11.066*
Table 3 Comparing cell invasion and migration ability in different groups表3 各組細(xì)胞侵襲、遷移能力(穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù))比較(n=3,個(gè)s)
組別空白對(duì)照組脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組陰性對(duì)照組Mcl-1 siRNA組F侵襲能力79.33±3.51a74.67±2.52a77.33±3.06a42.00±4.00 30.941**遷移能力108.00±3.61a110.67±4.04a109.33±4.51a76.33±3.51 17.459*
胃癌是世界范圍內(nèi)最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率和死亡率位居所有腫瘤的第2位;我國(guó)是胃癌高發(fā)的國(guó)家,其發(fā)病率位居各類腫瘤前列[5-6]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Mcl-1蛋白在胃癌組織中的表達(dá)明顯高于非癌胃黏膜組織,并且與腫瘤的T分期、臨床分期、腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移和血管浸潤(rùn)密切相關(guān)[7-9]。在晚期胃癌特別是侵犯漿膜的胃癌中Mcl-l蛋白的表達(dá)較高[10]。對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞株的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Mcl-1蛋白在多種胃癌細(xì)胞系中高表達(dá),且其表達(dá)明顯高于正常胃黏膜細(xì)胞系[7,11]。由此提示Mcl-1的表達(dá)與胃癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展有著重要的關(guān)系。研究表明,Mcl-1也可調(diào)節(jié)胃癌細(xì)胞的周期,影響胃癌細(xì)胞的凋亡[11]。但其與胃癌細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究多在胃癌組織中進(jìn)行。
本研究采用基因沉默技術(shù)抑制低分化胃癌細(xì)胞株MGC-803中Mcl-1基因的表達(dá),觀察胃癌細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力的變化及其對(duì)胃癌細(xì)胞凋亡和周期分布的影響。結(jié)果顯示,Mcl-1 siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h的A值均低于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組,而空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組間無(wú)明顯差異,提示抑制Mcl-1表達(dá)可以有效抑制胃癌細(xì)胞的增殖。Mcl-1 siRNA組轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h、48 h、72 h的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率分別為8.9%、21.6%和18.8%,以轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h最高,但其是否與瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染的不穩(wěn)定性有關(guān),有待穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,抑制Mcl-1的表達(dá)后,Mcl-1 siRNA組細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯高于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組,且細(xì)胞周期以停滯在S期居多。這與Akagi等[11]的研究結(jié)果一致。
在本研究的侵襲、遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)中,Mcl-1 siRNA組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)低于空白對(duì)照組、脂質(zhì)體對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組,提示抑制Mcl-1基因的表達(dá)可以降低MGC-803細(xì)胞的侵襲、遷移能力。從細(xì)胞水平進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了研究者們通過(guò)臨床標(biāo)本得出的Mcl-1與胃癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的結(jié)論,為明確Mcl-1與胃癌細(xì)胞侵襲、遷移能力之間的關(guān)系提供了更為直接有力的證據(jù)。但本實(shí)驗(yàn)只是應(yīng)用脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)的Mcl-1特異性siRNA的胃癌細(xì)胞的瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染,抑制狀態(tài)不夠穩(wěn)定;另外,未進(jìn)行動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),無(wú)法明確其在體內(nèi)的作用情況,故Mcl-1影響胃癌發(fā)展的作用機(jī)制有待于進(jìn)一步研究。
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(2013-08-07收稿 2013-12-19修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
The Effect of Silencing Mcl-1 by siRNA on Biological Behavior of Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cell
LIU Jinlu,WANG Zhen,CHEN Junqiang,CUI Xigang,MA Pengfei,LI Bopei
Department of Gas trointestinal Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China
Objective To investigate the effect of inhibiting Mcl-1 gene expression on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cell MGC-803 by using a small interference RNA(siRNA).MethodsSynthesized siRNA targeting Mcl-1(Mcl-1 siRNA group)was transfected into MGC-803 cells.On the other hand,MGC-803 cells transfected with negative siRNA (Mcl-1siRNA-NC group),MGC-803 cells transfected with Lipofectamine 2000(liposomes control group)and vacant MGC-803 cells(blank control group)were used as controls.Proliferation of MGC-803 cells after transfection of Mcl-1 siRNA was investigated by MTT assay.After 48 h transfection of Mcl-1 siRNA,flow cytometry(FCM)was used to examine the apoptosis cells and cell cycle in all four groups.Polycarbonate membrane transwell chamber was used for evaluating the invasion and migration of the cell line.ResultsThe absorbance of MGC-803 cells decreased greatly after transfected with Mcl-1siRNA for 24、48 and 72 h compared to those in control groups(P<0.05);After transfected 48 h,apoptosis rate in Mcl-1siRNA group was higher than in the blank control group,liposomes control group and Mcl-1siRNA-NC group(%:19.61±1.66 vs 3.69±0.37 vs 3.54±0.47 vs 3.68±0.55,F=12.230,P<0.05),G0/G1[(41.03±1.86)%]and G2/M phase ratio[(1.80±0.46)%] in Mcl-1 siRNA group were lower than in the three control groups,S phase ratio[(57.17±1.72)%]in siRNA group was higher than in three control groups(P<0.05). The number of transmembrane cells in Mcl-1 siRNA group in polycarbonate membrane transwell chamber experiment(42.00±4.00,76.33±3.51 respectively)were less than in blank control group(79.33±3.51,108.00±3.61 respectively),liposome control group(74.67±2.52,110.67±4.04 respectively)and negative control group (77.33±3.06,109.33±4.51 respectively).However,there was no significant difference in above index among the control groups.ConclusionInhibitiing Mcl-1 expression can effectively suppress growth,invasion and migration,but promote apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
stomach neoplasms;RNA,small interfering;cell proliferation;apoptosis;cell invasion;cell migration; siRNA;myeoid cell leukemin-1 gene
R735.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.04.003
*廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):桂科自0832113);廣西教育廳科研資助項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):201012MS062);廣西衛(wèi)生廳重點(diǎn)課題資助項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):重2012067);廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):2012GXNSFDA239001)
廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院胃腸腺體外科(郵編530021)
△通訊作者 E-mail:gxhans@163.com