国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

作家是怎樣煉成的——麥克斯·柏金斯致年輕人

2014-01-02 08:24byRichardNordquist
瘋狂英語(yǔ)·中學(xué)版 2013年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:麥克斯菲茨杰拉德斯科特

by Richard Nordquist

The next time you run into problems with a writing project, imagine the sort of help a great editor might provide:

“Max Perkins…was famous for his ability to inspire an author to produce the best that was in him or her. More a friend to his authors than a taskmaster[工頭], he aided them in every way. He helped them structure their books, if help was needed; thought up titles, invented plots; he served as psychoanalyst[心理分析師], lovelorn[失戀的] adviser, marriage counselor[顧問(wèn)], career manager, money-lender. Few editors before him had done so much work on manuscripts[手稿], yet he was always faithful to his credo[信條], ‘The book belongs to the author.” (A. Scott Berg, Max Perkins: Editor of Genius, 1978)

From 1910 until his death in 1947, Scribners legendary editor Maxwell Perkins nurtured[培養(yǎng)] and inspired such notable[著名的] authors as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald注1, Marjorie Rawlings注2, Ring Lardner注3, and Thomas Wolfe注4.

Yet somehow, even near the end of his life, Perkins found time to counsel would-be writers as well. In May 1945, he responded to a young serviceman who had sought his advice about a writing career:

“I think, in truth, that the best writing of all is done long after the events it is concerned with, when they have been digested[消化] and reflected upon unconsciously[無(wú)意識(shí)地], and the writer has completely realized them in himself. It is good journalistic writing that is done quickly while everything is still new, but not the best writing…

As to perhaps a couple years of college, I should think that might be of great advantage, in a general sense, but dont try to learn about writing there. Learn something else. Learn about writing from reading. That is the right way to do it. But then it can only be done by those who have eyes and ears, by seeing and listening…

The way they teach literature and writing in college is harmful. It results in one getting into the habit of seeing everything through a kind of film of past literature, and not seeing it directly with ones own senses…

I would say that a couple of years in the newspaper business was much better for one who wanted to be a writer than a couple of years in college. But there are, of course, other advantages that come from college.” (Editor to Author: The Letters of Maxwell E. Perkins, edited by John Hall Wheelock, 1979)

Perkins, of course, was writing in a different era—years before the proliferation[擴(kuò)散] of creative writing programs and the decline of the newspaper industry. Yet the heart of his message still rings true.

In a letter to another hopeful young author, Perkins said, “What really makes writing is done in the head, where impressions are stored up[積聚], and it is done with the eye and the ear. The agony[痛苦] comes later, when it has to be done with the hand, and that part of it can gain greatly from seeing how others do it, by reading.”

下一次當(dāng)你在寫作任務(wù)上遇到困難時(shí),不妨想象一下一位優(yōu)秀的編輯可以給你提供的幫助:

“麥克斯·柏金斯……以其善于引導(dǎo)作者盡展所長(zhǎng)的能力而著稱。對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō),他與其說(shuō)是一個(gè)工頭,不如說(shuō)是一個(gè)在方方面面都能提供支援的老友。如有需要,他會(huì)幫助作者設(shè)計(jì)故事架構(gòu),構(gòu)思書名,設(shè)計(jì)情節(jié);他可以充任心理分析師、失戀專家、婚姻顧問(wèn)、職業(yè)經(jīng)理人以及放貸者。在他之前,極少會(huì)有編輯在手稿上花費(fèi)那么多工夫,而他一直堅(jiān)守著自己的信條:‘書是屬于作者的?!保ˋ.斯科特·伯格,《麥克斯·柏金斯:天才編輯》,1978)

自1910年起,直至其于1947年逝世,斯克里布納出版社的傳奇編輯麥克斯威爾·柏金斯啟蒙并培養(yǎng)出眾多著名作家,如歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威、F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德、瑪喬麗·勞林斯、林·拉德納以及托馬斯·沃爾夫等。

然而,即便在其生命的最后幾年,柏金斯依然抽出時(shí)間給未來(lái)的作家提供意見。1945年5月,一名年輕的軍人詢問(wèn)他對(duì)寫作職業(yè)的想法,他這樣回答:

“事實(shí)上,我認(rèn)為最好的作品應(yīng)該是在其談及的事件結(jié)束以后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間才寫出來(lái)的,那些事件此時(shí)已經(jīng)被徹底消化,讓人不由深思,并且作者對(duì)此已經(jīng)有一套自己的完整認(rèn)識(shí)。優(yōu)秀的新聞寫作是在所有東西還新鮮的時(shí)候一揮而就,但那并不是最好的作品……

至于談到去大學(xué)讀幾年書,我的看法是,在一般層面上,這會(huì)大有裨益;但是可別想在大學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)如何寫作。在那里要學(xué)的是別的東西。學(xué)著通過(guò)閱讀進(jìn)而寫作,這才是正確的方式。不過(guò)話說(shuō)回來(lái),只有那些用雙眼去觀察、用雙耳去聆聽的人才能做到這一點(diǎn)……

大學(xué)里教授文學(xué)以及寫作的方式是很不對(duì)頭的。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣,無(wú)論看什么書,都會(huì)將過(guò)去的文學(xué)作品作為濾鏡,而不是從自身感受出發(fā)的直觀閱讀……

對(duì)一個(gè)希望成為作家的人來(lái)說(shuō),我認(rèn)為在新聞行業(yè)工作幾年遠(yuǎn)比上幾年大學(xué)更有幫助。不過(guò)當(dāng)然了,大學(xué)還是有其他好處的。”(約翰·霍爾·惠洛克編,《編輯寫給作者的信:柏金斯信件集》,1979)

自然,柏金斯的寫作處于一個(gè)不一樣的年代——當(dāng)年還沒(méi)有遍地開花的創(chuàng)意寫作課程,新聞業(yè)界也還沒(méi)走下坡路。不過(guò),他所傳達(dá)的主旨依然是金玉良言。

在一封寫給一個(gè)很有潛力的年輕作者的信中,柏金斯說(shuō):“真正的寫作其實(shí)是在腦子里完成的——那里積累了各種感想,通過(guò)眼睛(觀察)和耳朵(聆聽)進(jìn)行寫作。痛苦隨后而至,(因?yàn)槲覀儯┍仨氂檬謱懗鰜?lái),而通過(guò)閱讀,留意他人是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的,我們就能大有收獲?!?/p>

Know More

麥克斯威爾·柏金斯(Maxwell Perkins,1884—1947)是美國(guó)出版史上一位傳奇人物。柏金斯出生于紐約。1907年從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,第一份工作是在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》當(dāng)記者;1910年,他進(jìn)入斯克里布納之子公司擔(dān)任廣告經(jīng)理一職;1914年轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)編輯部,從此展開他一生最重要的編輯事業(yè)。

1917年,柏金斯開始和一位有志創(chuàng)作的年輕人通信,為了能順利出版他的作品,柏金斯歷經(jīng)一番奮戰(zhàn),不顧出版社反對(duì),堅(jiān)持買下這位年輕人處女作的版權(quán)。在1920年,終于出版了《塵世樂(lè)園》(This Side of Paradise)。此書出版后深獲好評(píng),被認(rèn)為是反映時(shí)代的一部佳作,這個(gè)年僅24歲、原本默默無(wú)聞的年輕人——F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德,自此一舉成名。柏金斯與菲茨杰拉德,兩人聯(lián)手宣告年輕爵士時(shí)代的來(lái)臨;也從此展開柏金斯與多位重要作家的共事經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

1925年,菲茨杰拉德在巴黎認(rèn)識(shí)了一位剛出道的窮作家,該作家正在撰寫自己的第一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō),于是菲茨杰拉德將他推薦給柏金斯;他就是日后在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域占有舉足輕重地位的歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威。1926年,柏金斯幫助海明威出版其成名作《太陽(yáng)照樣升起》(The Sun Also Rises),正式將這位小說(shuō)家引入美國(guó)文壇。

另一位著名小說(shuō)家托馬斯·伍爾夫,亦是借由柏金斯的挖掘與琢磨,始在文壇大放光芒。他曾在作品的扉頁(yè)上寫著,要把書獻(xiàn)給“一位偉大的編輯和一位勇敢而誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。當(dāng)作者陷入極度的失望和懷疑中時(shí),他不吝于給予堅(jiān)定的支持,不讓作者在絕望中輕易放棄?!?img src="https://cimg.fx361.com/images/2018/07/08/qkimagesfkyzfkyz201312fkyz20131222-2-l.jpg"/>

猜你喜歡
麥克斯菲茨杰拉德斯科特
認(rèn)真
完美無(wú)缺的作品
Why Max Stopped Barking 為什么麥克斯不吠了
《瘋狂的麥克斯4》當(dāng)選 本世紀(jì)最佳澳大利亞電影
干船塢中的美國(guó)“伯克”級(jí)導(dǎo)彈驅(qū)逐艦“菲茨杰拉德”號(hào)(DDG 62)
《了不起的蓋茨比》與菲茨杰拉德
一個(gè)神奇的發(fā)現(xiàn)
湖人主帥斯科特下課
淄博市| 鱼台县| 鹤峰县| 泾川县| 尼玛县| 潜江市| 新竹县| 化州市| 鹤岗市| 水城县| 曲阳县| 衡南县| 南华县| 古田县| 丘北县| 泾川县| 包头市| 石楼县| 漠河县| 襄汾县| 大田县| 宜阳县| 当涂县| 双城市| 临猗县| 鄂伦春自治旗| 呼玛县| 石林| 玛曲县| 阳山县| 榆树市| 清远市| 阿合奇县| 绵阳市| 杭锦旗| 湖南省| 日土县| 汽车| 大丰市| 洞口县| 沁阳市|