By Allegra Stratton
Reporter: This is school, Victorian style. These 9 and 10-year-olds are on a day trip to Londons Ragged School Museum, but in the future kids this young wont have to be taught about the Victorians, because the way we teach history is changing.
Child A: I liked Romans. I really like the Romans.
Child B: I did like the 1)Great Fire of London.
Child C: The Egyptians.
Teacher: Now sit up!
Reporter: Yes, pay attention. The Egyptians are not on the new curriculum. But the Romans are, and therell be more focus on 2)chronology and knowledge. But why?
Teacher: When I think you are ready…
Nick Gibb (Minister of State for Schools): There is a perception, which I think is real, that children are leaving school without a deep knowledge of the chronology of British history, and…and the history of countries that are important to this country. They tend to repeat the same periods of history over again—the 3)Tudors, and then the…the Second World War, and I think children need to understand the whole of our history if theyre going to really understand Britain.
(Soundbite from “Horrible History”)
Reporter: One successful attempt to get young children interested in history has been the Horrible History series. The programs historical consultant thinks the Governments new curriculum might struggle to engage young minds though.
Greg Jenner (Historian): What Michael Gove is trying to do here feels a bit like a sort of 19th century 4)rote learning type of scholarship, where its all about the kids just absorbing the facts that are flung at them, rather than talking to children, communicating with them.
Teacher: You will learn these facts by repetition. Repeat! Repeat! Repeat! Remember! Remember! Remember!
Reporter: Yes, Miss.
Back in Victorian times it was all about rote learning; the idea of repeating facts again and again until it stuck in your head. Well, critics of Michael Goves plan say that hes heading back in that direction, while supporters think that the balance tipped too far the other way.
記者:這是維多利亞時(shí)期的課堂。這些9到10歲的孩子們正在倫敦平民學(xué)校博物館參觀,但將來,這樣年紀(jì)的孩子們也許不用再學(xué)習(xí)維多利亞時(shí)期的歷史,因?yàn)槲覀兘淌跉v史的方式正在改變。
小孩甲:我喜歡羅馬人。我真的很喜歡他們。
小孩乙:我對倫敦大火很感興趣。
小孩丙:埃及人。
老師:現(xiàn)在坐好了!
記者:是的,注意了。埃及人不在新的課程教綱里了,不過新課程還是會(huì)保留羅馬人,同時(shí)會(huì)更注重以編年表為中心的大量歷史知識(shí)的灌輸。不過為什么呢?
老師:當(dāng)我認(rèn)為你們準(zhǔn)備好了……
尼克·吉布(教育部主管學(xué)校事務(wù)的大臣):有一種看法——我認(rèn)為這種看法很有道理——孩子讀完書從學(xué)校畢業(yè)了,卻對英國的年代史或是一些與英國歷史密切相關(guān)的國家的歷史知之甚少。他們傾向于不斷重復(fù)地去學(xué)習(xí)某一個(gè)時(shí)代的歷史——都鐸王朝時(shí)期,或者是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,但我認(rèn)為如果孩子們要真正地了解英國,就需要了解我們國家的整個(gè)歷史。
(《恐怖的歷史》中的一小段錄音)
記者:《恐怖的歷史》系列節(jié)目是一個(gè)成功的嘗試,它激發(fā)了孩子們對歷史的興趣。這個(gè)節(jié)目的歷史顧問認(rèn)為政府的新教程可能會(huì)讓孩子們很難產(chǎn)生興趣。
格雷格·詹納(歷史學(xué)家):邁克爾·戈夫要嘗試的教學(xué)改革,感覺像是十九世紀(jì)那種對知識(shí)不求甚解,死記硬背的學(xué)究派,一味地把知識(shí)灌輸給孩子們,而不是與他們交談,與他們溝通。
老師:只要重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí),你們就會(huì)掌握這些知識(shí)。重復(fù)!重復(fù)!重復(fù)!記??!記住!記住!
記者:好的,老師。
在維多利亞時(shí)期,學(xué)習(xí)就是死記硬背;不斷重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)直到它刻進(jìn)你的腦袋里。邁克爾·戈夫的反對者說他正朝著那個(gè)方向發(fā)展,而支持者則認(rèn)為我們已經(jīng)在相反的路上走得太遠(yuǎn)。
新聞鏈接
邁克爾·戈夫(Michael Gove)自2010年開始擔(dān)任英國教育大臣以來,就一直倡導(dǎo)英國教育系統(tǒng)改革,其中包括提高考試的難度、加強(qiáng)對本國及外國語言的要求,以及嚴(yán)格區(qū)分科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)之間的界限。以下幾大措施就是由他提出的:
首先,對英格蘭地區(qū)A-level(普通教育高級(jí)證書)的考試進(jìn)行改革,讓考試更加嚴(yán)格,但是減少考試的次數(shù)。戈夫指出,目前的A-level考試不能給學(xué)生帶來所需要的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),蘇格蘭學(xué)生有不同的考試體制,而威爾士和北愛爾蘭地區(qū)將會(huì)自行決定是否要對A-level考試做出改革;其次,漢語將作為選修語種,進(jìn)入英國7歲以上小學(xué)生的必修外語課程;另外,他把目光放在了電子游戲身上,他認(rèn)為電子游戲可以作為一種讓英國教育體系更容易被孩子接受的方式。
近年來,國際教育領(lǐng)域的排名顯示英國教育水平有所下降。戈夫希望能用十年的時(shí)間大幅度提升英國的學(xué)校教學(xué)質(zhì)量。