合天地永固國(guó)之根本

Harmony of Heaven and Earth Permanently Consolidates the National Foundation

順應(yīng)自然Inharmonywithnature精耕細(xì)作Intensivecultivation生態(tài)文明Ecologicalcivilization

The basic principles of farming are to gain time,condition soil,optimize the combination of fertilizer and water supply,and timely plough and harvest.

——《齊民要術(shù)》

As to the methods of fertilizing the land,green manuring with mung bean is the best,the adzuki bean and the sesame take the second place.It is appropriate to interplant in May and June,to plough and manure in July and August.After sowing the millet seeds in the next year,10 dan crops per acre will be harvested.Such method of fertilizing is as good as the methods of using silkworm feces or the decomposed human feces and urine.

車踏

耘

堰

考古證據(jù)顯示，作為人類歷史上最早的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)源地之一，遠(yuǎn)在數(shù)千年前新石器時(shí)代的中華神州大地上，生息其間的人們就已告別了茹毛飲血、刀耕火種，進(jìn)入了安土重遷的鋤耕農(nóng)業(yè)階段。自那時(shí)以來(lái)，中華民族“順天時(shí)、量地利”，逐漸形成以精耕細(xì)作為主線的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。

Archaeological evidence shows that,as one of the cradles of agriculture in human history,in the Neolithic age thousands of years ago,people in the Divine Land of China had ended the era of eating birds and animals raw;and slash-and-burn cultivation and started the era of intensive cultivation.Since then,Chinese people gradually created the agriculture development mode of intensive cultivation in harmony with nature.

春秋《考工記》收錄了農(nóng)田溝洫和灌溉系統(tǒng)技術(shù)規(guī)范；戰(zhàn)國(guó)《司馬法》規(guī)定“六尺為步，步百為畝”，明確了土地基本計(jì)量單位；《尚書(shū)·禹貢》細(xì)分土地等級(jí)、土壤種類，是人類最古老的土壤分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；后魏《齊民要術(shù)》系統(tǒng)總結(jié)秦漢以來(lái)黃河流域農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)，詳細(xì)記載旱地農(nóng)業(yè)精耕細(xì)作技術(shù)體系，成為我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)學(xué)臻于成熟的里程碑。

In the Spring and Autumn Period,Kaogongji included the technical specifications of farmland irrigation ditch and irrigation systems.During the Warring States Period,The Methods of Sima formulated the basic measuring unit of land,which stipulated 6 chi as one step and 100 steps as one acre.Book of Documents·Tribute of Great Yu, the earliest classification standard in human history,developed the classification standard of farmland levels and soil types.In the Northern Wei Dynasty,Qi Min Yao Shu,milestone of Chinese traditional agronomy,systematically summarized agricultural science and technology in the Yellow River Basin since the Qin and Han dynasties,and recorded the intensive cultivation technology system of dry land.

先賢們精益求精的不懈追求，持續(xù)深化了農(nóng)時(shí)歷法、鐵制農(nóng)具、輪作復(fù)種、水利灌溉和水陸綜合利用等諸多精耕細(xì)作內(nèi)涵。源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展打上了鮮明的精細(xì)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)烙印，中華農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)愈加堅(jiān)實(shí)，中華文明輝煌生生不息……

The ancestors'constant pursuit of excellence intensified the theory of intensive cultivation including farming calendar,iron tools,rotation cropping, irrigation and comprehensive utilization of land and water.The long history of agricultural development has been marked by refinement and standardization,during which the technical basis of Chinese agriculture became more and more solid,and the brilliant achievements of Chinese civilization continued endlessly.

撫今追昔，基于對(duì)天、地、人和諧統(tǒng)一的千年體悟，在世界糧食安全日益面臨人口、環(huán)境與資源挑戰(zhàn)的今天，我們有理由確信，堅(jiān)持人與自然全面和諧共處、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展思想，準(zhǔn)確把握并深化演繹中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化內(nèi)涵，必將促進(jìn)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，開(kāi)創(chuàng)屬于中華民族的生態(tài)文明新時(shí)代！

Looking back to the history,based on the theory of the harmony and unity among heaven,earth and human being,faced with challenge of global food security;population;environment and resources,We have reasons to believe that persistence in the idea of harmonious coexistence and coordinated development between human and nature;full understanding and implementing the concepts of standardization of Chinese agriculture development will achieve great-leap-forward development in Chinese agriculture and create a new era of ecological civilization of the Chinese nation！

（支持單位：上海市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院 整理：楊超 葉笑欣）

敦煌壁畫(huà)“擠奶圖”（唐代）

敦煌壁畫(huà)“雨中耕作圖”（唐代）

敦煌壁畫(huà)“農(nóng)作圖”（唐代）