張儀
好萊塢歷史上從來都不缺少情節(jié)看似彼此獨立、實則相互關聯(lián)的好電影。觀眾在看完這類電影的一瞬間,往往會有一種醍醐灌頂、恍然大悟的快感。今年年初上映的好萊塢大片《云圖》(Cloud Atlas)也是這類“形散神不散”的影片。然而,這部投資上億美元的大片在北美上映后卻票房低迷,收獲的評論更是陰陽兩極。原因為何,咱們先從影片的六個故事說起。
亞當·尤因(Adam Ewing)的太平洋日記——“復活”
1849年,南太平洋的一個小島。來自美國舊金山的年輕律師Adam Ewing到此替岳父處理一筆奴隸貿易生意,并結識了“好朋友”Henry Goose醫(yī)生。在他們同去種植園查看期間,Ewing目睹了黑人奴隸Autua遭受酷刑的情景。后來,Autua偷偷藏在Adam返回舊金山的輪船上,成了一名逃跑的黑奴兼非法偷渡客。在Adam的奮力相助下,Autua不僅保住了性命,還謀得了水手一職。不幸的是,Adam此時已身染重病,生命垂危。為他進行治療的Henry Goose醫(yī)生此時卻見利忘義,趁火打劫,想把Adam將要帶回舊金山的一箱金幣據(jù)為己有。他騙Adam服下慢性毒藥,企圖謀財害命。關鍵時刻,Autua投桃報李,出手相救,最終將Adam平安地帶回了家。
對于Adam而言,這次南太平洋島國之旅無異于一次凈化靈魂的旅程。在Autua為他以命相搏之后,在目睹了白人對黑人的殘暴之后,他深刻地感受到奴隸制的罪惡與不公。稍稍康復后,Adam便來到岳父Haskell Moore面前,親手燒毀了他從南太平洋小島帶回的奴隸貿易合同,并聯(lián)合妻子Tilda一起向頑固堅持蓄奴主義的岳父發(fā)起了挑戰(zhàn)。
Haskell Moore: Are you insane?!
Adam: I owe my life to a self-freed slave. And I cannot in good conscience participate in this kind of business any longer.
Haskell Moore: Goddamn you, sir, if you were not my daughters husband …
Tilda: Hello, Father.
Haskell Moore: Tilda, whats going on?
Tilda: Ive come to say goodbye.
Haskell Moore: Goodbye? Where are you going?
Adam: Were moving back East, to work with the abolitionists (廢奴主義者).
Haskell Moore: What? That poison has rotted your brain.
Adam: Oh yes, I highly recommend it. Ive not felt that good in years.
Haskell Moore: Tilda, I forbid you from going anywhere with this madman.
Tilda: Ive been afraid of you my whole life, father. Im going with my husband.
Haskell Moore: Adam, listen to me. For the sake of my grandson, if not your own, there is a natural order to this world, and those who try to upend (顛倒) it do not fare (過日子,過活) well. This movement will never survive. If you join them, you and your entire family will be shunned (刻意避開). At best, you exist as pariah (被社會遺棄者), to be spat on and beaten. At worst, lynched (用私刑處死或嚴懲) or crucified. And for what? For what? No matter what you do, it will never amount to anything more than a single drop in a limitless ocean.
Adam: What is an ocean but a multitude of drops?
Adam深信“不積水滴無以成汪洋”,即便自己的力量再微弱,即便自己會被世人誤解,被當權者打壓,也不能因此放棄對不公制度的反抗。
寄自西德海姆莊園的信——「靈與肉」
1936年,劍橋。年輕的音樂家Robert Frobisher與Rufus Sixsmith是一對同性戀愛人,曾一起在劍橋度過美好的時光。為了金錢和名譽,Robert去往愛丁堡,投靠了居住在西德海姆莊園的大音樂家Vyvyan Ayrs,為其擔任樂譜記錄員。期間,Robert一直給Sixsmith寫信,告知那里所發(fā)生的一切。在與Vyvyan相處的那段時間里,Robert這位才華橫溢的英俊少年漸漸對長他數(shù)十歲的Vyvyan暗生情愫。就在Robert創(chuàng)作《云圖六重奏》的一個夜晚,他向Vyvyan表達了自己的愛意。然而,Vyvyan卻對Robert的愛慕嗤之以鼻,報以放肆的嘲笑和譏諷。
Vyvyan就此抓住了Robert的把柄,并得寸進尺,以毀掉Robert的名譽為威脅,要求Robert以他的名義完成并發(fā)布《云圖六重奏》,盡管作品完全是Robert的靈感和心血。在爭搶樂譜的過程中,Robert不小心開槍打傷了Vyvyan,從此開始了亡命天涯的生活。在經歷了不忠、濫情和錯愛之后,Robert成了一個精神出軌者、道德墮落者,一個在情感上背負十字架的罪人。背叛了Sixsmith、離開了Vyvyan的他幾乎變得一無所有,所剩的只有靈感和天賦。在生命最后的時光里,Robert一邊拼命完成他一生最后也是最偉大的作品——《云圖六重奏》,一邊在這個過程中完成對Sixsmith的懺悔和對自己靈魂的救贖。在作品完成之際,他也燃盡了生命最后的火花。他寫信邀請Sixsmith前往蘇格蘭赴約相會,卻一直不肯露面,躲藏起來偷偷觀察愛人。就在Sixsmith即將在旅店找到他的時候,他卻摳響了結束生命的扳機,將自己凈化過的靈魂和愛情留給了兩人的來生。
在展現(xiàn)Robert生命最后時光的片段里,影片使用了大量的獨白。這些唯美、憂傷、孤寂的獨白宛如蘇格蘭的夕陽,讓人在帶著暖意的文字里感受到漸進的絕望。
片段一:在逃亡的那段日子里,Robert每天清晨都會去司各特紀念碑,一邊看日出一邊思索。
Robert: Sixsmith, I climb the steps of the Scott monument every morning and all becomes clear. Wish I could make you see this brightness. Dont worry. All is well. All is so perfectly, damnably well. I understand now that boundaries between noise and sound are conventions. All boundaries are conventions, waiting to be transcended. One may transcend any convention, if only one can first conceive of doing so. Moments like this, I can feel your heart beating as clearly as I feel my own, and I know that separation is an illusion. My life extends far beyond the limitations of me.
片段二:Robert終于完成了《云圖六重奏》的創(chuàng)作。在結束自己的生命之前,他觀賞了人生最后一次日出,在晨光中看了前來尋他的愛人最后一眼。
Robert: I finished it (指《云圖六重奏》) in a frenzy that reminded me of our last night in Cambridge. Watched my final sunrise, enjoyed the last cigarette. Didnt think the view could be anymore perfect, until I saw that beat-up trilby (指Sixsmith應邀前去找Robert時戴的那頂舊氈帽). Honestly, Sixsmith, as ridiculous as that thing makes you look, I dont believe Ive ever seen anything more beautiful. Watched you for as long as I dared. I dont believe it was a fluke (僥幸;偶然機會) that I saw you first. I believe there is another world waiting for us, Sixsmith. A better world. And Ill be waiting for you there. I believe we do not stay dead long. Find me beneath the Corsican (科西嘉的) stars where we first kissed. Yours eternally. R. F.
路易莎·雷(Luisa Rey)的第一個謎——“罪與罰”
1973年,舊金山。女記者Luisa Rey偶然結識了年老的核物理學家Sixsmith (編注:即上一個故事中的主人公之一)。出于對Luisa的信任,Sixsmith打算把自己寫的一份關于石油大亨Lloyd Hooks經營的核電站安全隱患的報告交給Luisa。Luisa按照約定到Sixsmith處取報告,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)Sixsmith已被Hooks派來的殺手暗殺,報告也被拿走了。在繼續(xù)追查的過程中,Luisa巧遇科學家Isaac Sachs。Sachs雖深知核電站安全隱患的內幕,卻和大多數(shù)人一樣選擇了沉默。對任何人而言,在責任與切身利益、良心與個人安危間做出選擇從來都非易事。從渺小到偉大需要一個跨越,而這個跨越往往需要更勇敢的人給予更多的鼓勵和勇氣,這個人便是Luisa。
Sachs: Theres no good choice here, is there? If I help you, I could lose my job or worse; if I dont … a lot of people … and it will be worse than worse.
Luisa: You have to do whatever you cant not do.
在Luisa的鼓勵下,Sachs終于邁出了勇敢的一步。激勵Sachs的恐怕不僅是Luisa極富感染力的正義感,更源自他對Luisa的一見鐘情。Luisa那剛毅的面龐和犀利的目光打動了Sachs。Sachs為自身的怯懦感到無地自容,而他對Luisa的愛也促使他最終選擇承擔起應負的責任,向Luisa提供核反應堆的秘密報告。但Sachs似乎始終沒有意識到他對Luisa的愛有多深,直到他被暗殺前的那一刻。
Sachs: Belief, like fear or love, is forced to be understood as we understand the theory of relativity and principles of uncertainty, phenomena that determine the course of our lives. Yesterday, my life was headed in one direction. Today, it is headed in another. Yesterday, I believe I would never have done what I did today. These forces that often remake time and space, they can shape and alter who we imagine ourselves to be, begin long before we are born, and continue after we perish. Our lives and our choices, like quantum trajectories (量子軌跡), are understood moment to moment at each point of intersection, each encounter, suggest a new potential direction. Proposition: I have fallen in love with Luisa Rey. Is this possible? I just met her, and yet, I feel like something important has happened to me.
就在Sachs被暗殺的同時,Luisa也身陷險境,在駕車途中被殺手撞入大海。Sachs冒死提供的秘密報告也隨即沉入水中。好在Luisa通過自救逃回家中,并在朋友Javier Gomez和Joe Napier的幫助下最終找到了Sixsmith的侄女Megan,拿到了那份讓Sixsmith和Sachs付出生命代價的秘密報告。真相最終被公之于眾,Hooks也被繩之以法。
蒂莫西·卡文迪什(Timothy Cavendish)的苦難經歷——“飛越瘋人院”
2012年,倫敦。Timothy Cavendish的出場注定會成為本片最滑稽的片段:他穿著寒酸的西服,戴著蹩腳的領結,留著愛因斯坦式的發(fā)型,出現(xiàn)在名流薈萃的“檸檬獎”頒獎晚宴上。他的入場式和整體形象充滿了“檸絲”氣質,仿佛一個闖進了上流社會的小丑。這個不入流的出版商為一個黑幫作家Dermot Hoggins出版了一本銷量極差、評價又低的小說Knuckle Sandwich。令人意想不到的是,與Timothy一同出席的Dermot竟因不滿一位批評家對他小說的評價,當著眾人的面將那位批評家推下樓,使其當場摔死。更令人意想不到的是,Timothy的人生卻因此出現(xiàn)了轉機:Dermot的謀殺行為使其小說大賣特賣,而他自己卻鋃鐺入獄,Timothy得以坐收漁翁之利。
Timothy: While deep down, I experienced a nascent (開始形成的) sense of a silver lining (不幸中的一線希望) to this most tragic turn. Overnight, Dermot “Dusty” Hoggins became a cult hero to the common man. Knuckle Sandwich shifted (出售) ninety thousand copies in less than two months. I was for the briefest of moments Cinderella (久遭蔑視忽而走運的人), and all memory of past misfortune receded in the rearview mirror of my dream come true.
正所謂“天下沒有免費的午餐”,正當Timothy得意忘形之時,Dermot的手下卻找上了門,勒令Timothy在一天之內交出五萬英鎊。Timothy走投無路,只好求助于他的哥哥Denholme Cavendish。Denholme向來都很嫌棄這個總給他惹事兒的弟弟,對他簡直是避之唯恐不及。但這次他卻善心大發(fā),主動提出要將Timothy送到一個僻靜又安全的棲身之地。Timothy原以為躲進了世外桃源,后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)這原來是一個人間地獄般的養(yǎng)老院。失去自由、備受羞辱的Timothy不得不再次打電話向哥哥求助,卻由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個意想不到的陰謀。
Timothy: Denny, its me, Tim.
Denholme: Timothy? Where are you?
Timothy: Ah, I think you ruddy know that where I am.
Denholme: But residents are denied access to phones. Someone smuggled one in?
Timothy: What? You know the rules?
Denholme: I helped write them, Timmy. I have been a principal investor in Aurora House (“曙光之家”養(yǎng)老院) for twelve years. its incredibly lucrative (賺錢多的). You cant believe what people would pay to lock up their parents.
Timothy: Look, Den, youve had your fun. I think its high time you put an end to this little game of yours.
Denholme: No, Timmy. My fun has just begun.
Timothy: What are you talking about? I am your brother. Why are you doing this to me?
Denholme: I think the better question is, it would be, what have you done to deserve this?
Timothy: I dont know what you mean.
Denholme: Oh come on, naughty old brother. Dont insult me. You cant think that I didnt know about you and Georgette (Denholme的妻子)!
Timothy: Georgette? Look, Den. I didnt mean to hurt you.
Denholme: Im afraid your penance (自我懲罰) has come due. Timbo, its time to account for your crimes.
Timothy: Den, Im ... Im so, so sorry.
Denholme: No, no, no. Theres no need to apologize. Your exile is more than enough reparation (彌補). Oh, I do have my fingers crossed for a scenario involving you, nurse Noakes (指養(yǎng)老院兇狠惡毒的護士諾克斯) and a broom handle. Cheer up, Timmy. Bye bye now.
Timothy是一個徹頭徹尾的悲劇人物,也是一個不折不扣的投機主義者。他因Dermot入獄而大發(fā)橫財,卻差點招來血光之災;他雖經常得到哥哥的恩惠,卻忘恩負義,與嫂子偷情,最終被哥哥送進養(yǎng)老院受辱。正所謂“what goes around comes around”——出來混,遲早要還的。
那通電話徹底澆滅了Timothy尋求解救的希望,他意識到,要離開這里重獲自由只能依靠自己。Timothy聯(lián)合了三個和他一樣人老心不老的老人——Ernie Blancksmith、Mr. Meeks和Veronica Costello——精心策劃了一次“越獄”行動。他們成功地騙來了汽車,騙過了護工,最終逃離了“瘋人院”。但他們剛剛脫險就急不可耐地跑到一家蘇格蘭小酒館里慶祝,實在是讓人哭笑不得。養(yǎng)老院的護工們很快便追上了他們,眼看這次“越獄”行動瀕于失敗,平時最沉默的Mr. Meeks卻語出驚人,巧妙地利用蘇格蘭人和英格蘭人之間的矛盾激怒了酒館里的蘇格蘭人,使他們對養(yǎng)老院的英格蘭護工們大打出手。四個人趁亂再次上演勝利的大逃亡。
星美(Sonmi) 451的記錄儀——「V字仇殺隊」
2144年,首爾。Sonmi-451是一個克隆人,她和其他克隆人一樣,穿著同樣的衣服,喝著同樣的營養(yǎng)液,在同一家餐飲店服務。她們沒有人身自由,沒有人格尊嚴,生殺予奪的權力全都掌控在餐廳老板Lee的遙控器上。但她們并沒覺得有什么不妥,期待著服務期滿后進入“極樂世界”。Yoona-939也是一個克隆人,但不同的是,她是一個有“思想”的克隆人,向往自由和尊嚴。她悄悄帶Sonmi看了一段電影,并不斷重復著電影中的一句臺詞——“I will not be subjected to criminal abuse”。最終,Yoona以實際的反抗行為證明了她的勇敢,也因此被餐廳老板處死。Yoona就像一條被放進沙丁魚中的鯰魚,慢慢攪醒了Sonmi潛意識里的反抗精神。Sonmi逐漸意識到,和人類相比,她們只是被克隆的類人類而已,她們的尊嚴和生命如同草芥,她們所在的世界沒有公平、正義和自由。
一天夜里,Sonmi遇到了反抗組織成員Hae-Joo Chang,并在Hae-Joo的勸說下離開了餐廳。在Hae-Joo的引導下,Sonmi開始重新認識一切。她認識了生命:“Survival often demands some courage.”她認識了自己:“Knowledge is a mirror, and for the first time in my life, I was allowed to see who I was, and who I might become.”她認識了平等:“No matter if were born in a tank (指孕育克隆人的人工池) or a womb (子宮), we are all Pureblood (純種人).”她甚至打破禁忌,深深愛上了Hae-Joo,與Hae-Joo實現(xiàn)了從靈魂到肉體的交融。
如果說Yoona給了Sonmi啟蒙,Hae-Joo則給了Sonmi新生。他讓她看到了真相,感受到了愛,讓她意識到世界上最珍貴的莫過于真愛、平等和自由,而這些都需要付出勇氣和代價來爭取。Sonmi最終也加入了反抗組織,和Hae-Joo一起為推翻克隆世界并肩戰(zhàn)斗。雖然反抗最終歸于失敗,但Sonmi代表被壓迫者通過廣播向全世界發(fā)表的革命宣言卻深入人心。
Sonmi: To be is to be perceived. And so to know thyself (你自己) is only possible through the eyes of the other. The nature of our immortal lives is in the consequences of our words and deeds that go on and are pushing themselves throughout all time. Our lives are not our own. From womb to tomb, were bound to others, past and present. And by each crime and every kindness, rebirth our future.
思路剎路口及之后所有——「勇敢的心」
人類文明衰落后的第106個冬天,夏威夷大島。時鐘撥到“大衰落”后的2321年,現(xiàn)代科技幾近消失,人類文明退回到原始部落時期的水平。Zachry及其族人是生活在夏威夷大島上的山谷人,他們生性平和,信奉一位叫Sonmi的女神。Zachry經常會在想象中和一個叫Old Georgie的魔鬼對話,這讓他內心充滿了恐懼。每當Zachry變得猶豫不決、脆弱無助時,Old Georgie就會出現(xiàn),并威嚇Zachry,迫使Zachry聽從自己內心深處邪惡的聲音,以至于當他的妹夫和外甥在思路剎路口慘遭科納人(編注:與山谷人生活在同一片土地上的食人族)屠殺時,他卻為了保全性命而不敢出手相救,一直躲在石塊后面,眼睜睜地看著親人死在面前。而那個Old Georgie也成了Zachary的夢魘,令他在需要勇氣時卻變得無比怯懦。
山谷人每年會有兩次和先知人(編注:人類文明衰落后一小撮依靠高科技幸存下來的人)進行物物交易的機會。這一次,一位叫Meronym的女先知來到了他們的部落。由于先知人也正走向滅絕,Meronym請求Zachry帶她去靈山,以便通過殘存的衛(wèi)星信號發(fā)射臺向太空發(fā)出求救信號?!按笏ヂ洹鼻?,地球人曾建立過一批地外殖民地。Meronym希望能聯(lián)系上那里幸存的同胞,從而得到營救。但Meronym的到來卻給Zachry的內心造成巨大沖擊,因為在靈山上,她告訴了Zachry一個他不愿相信的事實:山谷人所膜拜的Sonmi不是女神,只是一個命運凄慘的普通克隆人。這無異于徹底摧毀了Zachry及全體山谷人的信仰。
Zachry: The Old Uns (先人,指“大衰落”之前的人類) pray to Sonmi same as Valleysmen (山谷人)?
Meronym: Nay, not zactly same.
Zachry: Whatd you mean down there? bout ... The Old Uns and Valleysmen prayin to Sonmi not zactly the same?
Meronym: Old men ... they were different.
Zachry: Different? How?
Meronym: You want the true-true (真相)? Sonmi was no God. She died hundreds of years ago on a faraway peninsula, dead-landed now.
Zachry: What?
Meronym: I cogg (了解) Valleysmens beliefs. I know Abbess (山谷人部落中的女祭司) teach you Sonmi was a miracle, birthed o Darwin God o Smart, but aint the true-true. Her life was sad n judased (被背叛). She died tryin to change the Old-Uns thinkin.
Zachry: Nay, nay, you-youre lying.
Meronym: Before she died, she spoke of her acts n deedins. Her words are heart-savin blessin, remindin me whats the true-true.
在Zachry的幫助下,Meronym成功地發(fā)出了求救信號。但在他們返回部落之時,科納人正血洗山谷人的家園。曾經的家園慘遭屠戮,自己的妹妹已被敵人殺害,年幼的外甥女也正命懸一線——面對著這一切,Zachry終于爆發(fā)出勇者的力量,獨自一人向一群科納人發(fā)起反擊。Meronym在關鍵時刻施以援手,幫助Zachry殺死了科納人。家園已經化為灰燼,整個部落只剩下外甥女這一個親人。Zachry別無選擇,只好帶著外甥女和Meronym一道去往另一個星球。家雖然沒有了,但只要人在,希望就在。
Zachry: Got no home neither-wise.
Meronym: Nay, not yet.
Zachry: You think someone will gonna hear your prayer, come down from the sky?
Meronym: Perhaps. Perhaps one day.
Zachry: One day aint but a flea o hope.
Meronym: Yay, and fleas aint so easy to rid.
環(huán)環(huán)相扣的“六重奏”
影片中,六個故事的情節(jié)其實并不復雜,都是圍繞單一線索展開的。但導演通過一通“神剪”把六個故事先支解,再亂燉,最后熬成了一鍋支離破碎的“史詩巨片”。加之很多重要情節(jié)一晃而過,許多英語詞匯晦澀難懂,因此很多人都沒能熬過冗長乏味又不知所云的開頭。還有一些人雖然堅持看完了影片,卻也是云里霧里、不知所云。
這六個故事的內在聯(lián)系究竟是什么?我們有必要回放一下電影。在第一個故事里,Adam Ewing一直在寫航海日記。而在第二個故事里,Robert在給Sixsmith的信中就曾提到過這本日記。
Robert: My only problem is that I accidentally got hooked on (迷上) a journal written in 1849 by a dying lawyer during the voyage from the Pacific islands to San Francisco. To my great annoyance, the pages cease mid-sentence. Half the book is missing. Its completely killing me. Could you be a mensch (好人) and when youre next foraging (搜尋) at Ottos Books, make an inquiry? A half finished book is, after all, a half finished love affair.
此外,影片鏡頭也曾數(shù)次掃過日記的封皮——The Pacific Journal of Adam Ewing。第二個故事與第三個故事間的聯(lián)系比較好理解。Luisa曾到唱片店里尋找《云圖六重奏》的唱片,并將Robert與Sixsmith的書信交還給了Sixsmith的侄女Megan。第三個故事與第四個故事間的聯(lián)系就很隱秘了。在第四個故事里,當Timothy乘坐火車前往養(yǎng)老院時,鏡頭曾掃過他正在看的一部書稿——Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery,而作者正是第三個故事中Luisa的好朋友Javier Gomez。如果觀眾足夠細心就會發(fā)現(xiàn),當Luisa將事實公之于眾后,Luisa與Javier曾有過這樣一段對話。
Javier: This would make such a good book.
Luisa: Ill drink to that.
第四個故事與第五個故事間的聯(lián)系則是Yoona給Sonmi看的那部電影的片段,后來Hae-Joo曾陪Sonmi看完了整部電影。那部電影的名字叫做The Ghastly Ordeal of Timothy Cavendish,正是根據(jù)第四個故事中Timothy Cavendish的逃跑經歷改編的。Sonmi犧牲以后化身為山谷人的女神,成為第五個和第六個故事之間的線索。
雖然六個故事內容不同,但主題一致。每個故事中的主人公都面臨各種各樣的桎梏和枷鎖:基于種族和膚色的歧視,基于性取向的偏見,利益集團對個人命運的操控,強者對弱勢群體的漠視和壓迫,集權對思想和自由精神的禁錮,以及心中無名的怯懦和恐慌。這些束縛林林總總,或有形,或無形;或來自于外界,或來自于內心。然而,人生來向往平等和自由,無論膚色、種族、性別、性取向、年齡、出身或階級如何。但要實現(xiàn)平等和自由,卻要付出努力和代價。總之,如果用一句話概括影片的中心思想,那就是——“I will not be subjected to criminal abuse”。