宋玉坤,陳 陽,袁洪君
(1.吉林大學(xué) 數(shù)學(xué)研究所,長春130012;2.承德石油高等??茖W(xué)校 數(shù)理部,河北 承德067000)
考慮有界域Ω?Rn上二階非線性Schr?dinger方程的Dirichlet問題:在物理上,方程(1)描述強(qiáng)激光束通過非均勻介質(zhì)和等離子體的傳播.目前,對不同物理背景下Schr?dinger方程整體解的不存在[1-4]與存在性[5-15]研究已有很多結(jié)果.
文獻(xiàn)[5]研究了一類具非齊項二維方程解的局部和整體適定性;文獻(xiàn)[6]利用基態(tài)的變分特征、勢井和凹性方法給出了類似方程Cauchy問題小初值整體解存在的最佳條件;文獻(xiàn)[7-8]研究了方程
本文通過位勢井方法結(jié)合Sobolev嵌入定理,進(jìn)一步研究問題(1)-(3),得到了位勢井深度d的表達(dá)式,并討論了相關(guān)集合在流之下的不變性,得到了解的存在條件,進(jìn)一步揭示了在位勢井內(nèi)問題(1)-(3)整體解W1,2的存在性.
用‖·‖p表示‖·‖Lp(Ω),‖·‖k,p表示‖·‖Wk,p(Ω),‖·‖=‖·‖L2(Ω),(u,v)=∫Ωuvdx.
引理2 對于u∈W(Ω),‖▽u‖為‖u‖1,2的等價模.
先考慮問題(1)-(3)W1,2解的定義,設(shè)u(x,t)是問題(1)-(3)的古典解,用任意的v(x)∈W1,2(Ω)乘以式(1),在Ω上積分,并利用格林公式可得
定義1 若u∈L∞(0,T;W(Ω)),且式(4)對任意的v(x)∈W1,2(Ω)及0≤t≤T 成立,則稱u=u(x,t)為問題(1)-(3)在Ω×[0,T)上的W1,2解.
定義能量泛函:
由于問題(1)-(3)不具有正定能量,因此需引入位勢井理論,當(dāng)滿足條件(H)時,定義
位勢井:
先證明位勢井深度d>0.
證明:由J(u)和I(u)的定義,結(jié)合I(u)=0,‖▽u‖≠0及嵌入定理,有
故
證畢.
定理1 設(shè)p滿足條件(H),u0(x)∈(Ω).若0<E(0)<d,I(u)>0或‖▽u0‖=0,則問題(1)-(3)存 在 一 個 整 體 W1,2解 u(x,t),u∈W,0≤t< ∞,且 u∈L∞(0,∞;(Ω)),ut∈L∞(0,∞;L2(Ω))成立.
證明:設(shè){ωj(x)}為(Ω)的一個基函數(shù)系,構(gòu)造問題(1)-(3)的近似解:
其中,gjm(t)是[0,T]上的復(fù)值函數(shù),且滿足如下非線性常微分方程組的初邊值問題:
對t從0到t積分得
由E(0)<d知,J(u0)<d.再由I(u0)>0或‖▽u0‖=0可得,u0∈W.又因為W 是W1,2(Ω)中的開集,因此由式(6)可知,對充分大的m,有
下面證明W 在問題的流之下不變.假設(shè)式(8)不成立,則必存在某個t0>0及充分大的m,使得um(t)∈?W,即
由式(7)可得,對充分大的m,有J(um)<d,故J(um(t0))=d不可能.若
則顯然有J(um(t0))≥d,這與式(8)矛盾,即對于充分大的m,有um(t)∈W.又由式(6)可得
從而
由于{ws}在W1,2(Ω)中稠密,故由式(9)可得式(4)成立.又由式(6)可得u(x,0)=u0(x).所以u(x,t)是問題(1)-(3)在Ω ×[0,∞)上的整體W1,2解.
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