陳洪武
(宜陽(yáng)縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)物理組,河南 宜陽(yáng) 471600)
從機(jī)械能守恒的角度推導(dǎo)單擺簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng)的周期
陳洪武
(宜陽(yáng)縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)物理組,河南 宜陽(yáng) 471600)
本文給出了利用基本的物理原理結(jié)合高等數(shù)學(xué)公式的方法推導(dǎo)單擺做簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的周期公式,可以簡(jiǎn)明扼要地理解單擺簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程.
單擺;簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng);機(jī)械能守恒;微分方程
如圖1所示,當(dāng)θ0<10°時(shí),單擺做簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng).設(shè)其擺動(dòng)時(shí)最大擺角是θ0,擺球的質(zhì)量是m,擺長(zhǎng)為l,取擺球在最低點(diǎn)為重力勢(shì)能的零點(diǎn),忽略空氣阻力等因素的影響,擺球的機(jī)械能守恒.設(shè)經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)間t,從最低點(diǎn)向上擺過(guò)的角度是θ,則根據(jù)機(jī)械能守恒有
圖1
從最低點(diǎn)到擺角為θ0經(jīng)歷時(shí)間為,對(duì)上式積分,有
可得振動(dòng)周期為
已知θ0較小則
SIMPLE HARMONIC VIBRATION PERIOD OF PENDULUM IS DEDUCED FROM CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
Chen Hongwu
(Group of Physics,the First High School of Yiyang County,Yiyang,Henan 471600)
In this paper,simple harmonic vibration period of pendulum is deduced from the basic physical principles combined with the advanced mathematics.The process of simple harmonic motion of pendulum can be comprehended concisely,which is meaningful to university physics teaching.
pendulum;simple harmonic motion;conservation of mechanical energy;differential equation
2011-09-09)