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一鍋法合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

2012-09-13 01:44:24魏振中王紹輝洪美玲
關(guān)鍵詞:苦味酸淮北嘧啶

魏振中,王紹輝,洪美玲

(淮北師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院,安徽 淮北 235000)

一鍋法合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

魏振中,王紹輝,洪美玲

(淮北師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院,安徽 淮北 235000)

苦味酸催化下,芳香醛、β-酮酸酯、脲或硫脲(物質(zhì)的量比1∶1∶1.15)在水中環(huán)化縮合,合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮及其衍生物.反應(yīng)時(shí)間2~3 h,產(chǎn)率75% ~98%.

Biginelli反應(yīng);3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮;苦味酸

1893年Biginelli首次報(bào)道乙酰乙酸乙酯、芳香醛和脲在濃鹽酸催化下于乙醇中加熱回流18 h,得到3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮類化合物,這一合成法稱為Biginelli反應(yīng).3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮具有廣泛的生物活性和藥理活性[1],目前合成該類化合物有很多改進(jìn)的方法.常見的催化劑有:酒石酸[2]、超分子[3-4]、室溫離子液體[5-7]、硝酸鉍[8]、硝酸鈰銨[9]、三氯化鐵[10]、磷酸二氫鉀[11]、三聚磺酸[12]、硼酸[13]、三溴化銦[14]、苯硼酸[15]等,并且微波輻射[16-18]、超聲波技術(shù)[19]等都已應(yīng)用于該反應(yīng).這些方法大大改進(jìn)原始Biginelli反應(yīng)中存在的不足,縮短反應(yīng)時(shí)間,提高反應(yīng)效率,大大增加反應(yīng)產(chǎn)率.但是這些方法還存在著它的不足之處:如操作麻煩、催化劑價(jià)格昂貴、污染環(huán)境、微波輻射耗能大,且不能用于大量的工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)等.因此研究新的方法或?qū)ふ倚碌拇呋瘎﹣砀倪M(jìn)Biginelli反應(yīng)十分的有必要.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在水為溶劑的條件下,用少量苦味酸為催化劑可以高效、快速地催化Biginelli反應(yīng),大大縮短反應(yīng)時(shí)間,提高反應(yīng)效率、操作簡(jiǎn)便,適合工業(yè)化.反應(yīng)合成路線如下:

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1 儀器和試劑

WPS-1型數(shù)字熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度計(jì)未校正);Bruker核磁共振儀(TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo),400 Hz);PE-2400型元素自動(dòng)分析儀;TLC進(jìn)行跟蹤反應(yīng),薄層層析硅膠(青島海洋化工有限公司GF254);所用試劑均為AR級(jí),水為二次蒸餾水.

1.2 3,4-二氫嘧啶-2(1H)酮合成步驟

1.2.1 化合物4b的合成

在25 mL的圓底燒瓶中,加入尿素0.480 g,(8.0 mmol)、乙酰乙酸乙酯0.975 g,(7.5 mmol)、苯甲醛0.795 g(7.5 mmol)、苦味酸0.1 g和水15 mL,加熱回流,1 h后有沉淀產(chǎn)生,2 h后反應(yīng)完全.冷卻至0℃,靜置過夜后抽濾,濾餅干燥得4b.

用上述合成方法換用不同的R1和脲(X=O或X=S)分別進(jìn)行加熱反應(yīng),可得到一系列產(chǎn)物.將不同R1和脲(X=O或X=S)的詳細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)附于表1中,部分化合物的表征數(shù)據(jù)如下.

表1 3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮及其衍生物的產(chǎn)率和熔點(diǎn)Table 1 Yield and melting point of 3,4-Dihydropyrim idine-2-Ones and their derivatives

4a:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.33(s,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.31~7.57(m,5H),5.38(d,J= 6.4 Hz,1H),4.07(q,J=6.0 Hz,2H),2.37(s,3H),1.16(t,J=6.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O3: C 64.60,H 6.20,N 10.76,O 18.44;found C 64.37,H 6.42,N 10.71,O 18.52.

4b:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.53(s,1H),9.42(s,1H),7.31~7.82(m,5H),5.44(d,J= 4.0 Hz,1H),4.28(q,J=6.8 Hz,2H),2.48(s,3H),1.19(t,J=6.8 Hz,3H)Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O2S: C 60.85,H 5.84,N 10.14,O 11.58,S 11.60;found C 60.60,H 5.80,N 10.17,O 18.81,S 11.60.

4c:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.40(s,1H),8.94(s,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.01-6.62(m,4H),5.24 (d,J=3.2 Hz,1H),4.03(q,J=8.0 Hz,2H),2.26(s,3H),1.10(t,J=8.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O4:C 60.86,H 5.84,N 10.14,O 23.16;found C 60.53,H 5.80,N 10.17,O 23.50.

4d:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.13(s,1H),9.33(s,1H),7.65(s,1H),7.21-6.70(m,4H),5.33(d,J=8.0 Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=7.6 Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H),1.14(t,J=7.6 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O3S:C 57.52,H 5.52,N 9.58,O 16.42,S 10.97;found C 57.40,H 5.40,N 9.54,O 16.68,S 10.99.

4e:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.67(s,1H),9.21(s,1H),8.76(s,1H),7.05-6.55(m,4H),5.16 (d,J=6.0 Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=7.2 Hz,2H),2.12(s,3H),1.07(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O4:C 60.86,H 5.84,N 10.14,O 23.16;found C 60.82,H 6.00,N 10.05,O 23.53.

4f:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.27(s,1H),9.53(s,1H),9.44(s,1H),6.80-7.00(m,4H),5.03(d,J=6.4 Hz,1H),4.02(q,J=8.0 Hz,2H),2.26(s,3H),1.13(t,J=8.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O3S:C 57.52,H 5.52,N 9.58,O 16.42,S 10.97;found C 57.50,H 5.50,N 9.47,O 16.59,S 10.85.

4g:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.54(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),6.76~7.15(m,4H),5.31(d,J= 8.0 Hz,1H),4.04(q,J=6.0 Hz,2H),2.98(s,6H),2.36(s,3H),1.15(t,J=6.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C16H21N3O3:C 63.35,H 6.98,N 13.85,O 15.82;found C 64.00,H 6.90,N 13.67,O 15.45.

4h:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.14(s,1H),8.24(s,1H),6.70~7.20(m,4H),5.15(d,J= 6.0 Hz,1H),3.97(q,J=7.2 Hz,2H),2.98(s,6H),2.29(s,3H),1.13(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C16H21N3O2S:C 60.16,H 6.63,N 13.16,O 10.02,S 10.04;found C 60.12,H 6.53,N 13.17,O 10.00,S 10.09.

4i:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.45(s,1H),8.15(s,1H),6.69~7.10(m,4H),5.30(d,J= 5.2 Hz,1H),4.04(q,J=8.0 Hz,2H),3.98(s,3H),2.30(s,3H),1.17(t,J=8.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd forC15H18N2O4:C 62.06,H 6.25,N 9.65,O 22.04;found C 61.92,H 6.27,N 9.56,O 22.15.

4j:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.44(s,1H),9.69(s,1H),6.78~7.43(m,4H),5.44(d,J= 4.4 Hz,1H),4.08(q,J=6.0 Hz,2H),3.91(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),1.17(t,J=6.0 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C15H18N2O3S:C 58.80,H 5.92,N 9.14,O 15.67,S 10.47;found C 58.81,H 5.98,N 9.07,O 15.65,S 10.49.

4k:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.75(s,1H),7.87~8.40(m,4H),8.05(s,1H),5.51(d,J= 4.0 Hz,1H),4.13(q,J=5.6 Hz,2H),2.43(s,3H),1.23(t,J=5.6 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H15N3O5: C 55.08,H 4.95,N 13.76,O 26.20;found C 55.10,H 5.00,N 13.79,O 26.26.

4l:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:9.53(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),7.27~7.40(m,4H),5.41(d,J= 6.0 Hz,1H),4.12(q,J=7.6 Hz,2H),2.30(s,3H),1.53(t,J=7.6 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H15ClN2O3: C 57.05,H 5.13,Cl 12.03,N 9.50,O 16.29;found C 57.03,H 5.15,Cl 12.05,N 9.51,O 16.26.

4m:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.35(s,1H),9.65(s,1H),7.79~8.13(m,4H),5.35(d,J= 4.0 Hz,1H),4.07(q,J=7.2 Hz,2H),2.29(s,3H),1.09(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H15ClN2O2S: C 54.10,H 4.86,Cl 11.41,N 9.01,O 10.30,S 10.32;found C 54.08,H 4.85,Cl 11.40,N 9.02,O 10.31,S 10.34.

4n:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:8.53(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),6.97~7.37(m,4H),5.97(d,J= 4.0 Hz,1H),3.95(s,3H),3.37(s,3H),2.40(s,3H).Anal.calcd for C14H16N2O3:C 64.60,H 6.20,N 10.76,O 18.44;found C 64.64,H 6.18,N 10.77,O 18.41.

4o:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:8.33(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),7.03~7.67(m,5H),5.83(d,J= 3.6 Hz,1H),3.49(s,3H),2.37(s,3H).Anal.calcd for C13H14N2O2:C 67.81,H 6.13,N 12.17,O 13.90;found C 67.80,H 6.14,N 12.19,O 13.88.

2 結(jié)論

對(duì)原始的Biginelli合成法進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的改進(jìn),尋找得到一種簡(jiǎn)單易行的合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮及其衍生物的方法,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景.

[1]KAPPE CO.100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis[J].Tetrahedron,1993,49(32):6 937-6 963.

[2]SANGRAM G,SUNDARABABU B,BURKHARD K.Efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones in low melting tartaric acid-ureamixtures[J].Green Chem,2011(13):1 009-1 013.

[3]DANIEL L,DA S,SERGIO A F,et al.P-sulfonic acid calixarenes as efficient and reusable organocatalysts for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2011,52:6 328-6 330.

[4]SEKINEH A,MAHMOOD T,BEHNAM JK.Supramolecular synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thiones under neat conditions[J].Chinese Chemical Letters,2011,22(2):127-130.

[5]GARIMA,VISHNU P S,LAL D S Y.Biginelli reaction starting directly from alcohols[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2010,51:6 436-6 438.

[6]彭家建,鄧友全.室溫離子液體催化“一鍋法”合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].有機(jī)化學(xué),2002,22(1):71-73.

[7]Fang Dong,Luo Jun,Zhou Xinli,et al.One-pot green procedure for Biginelli reaction catalyzed by novel task-specific roomtemperature ionic liquids[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical,2007,274:208-211.

[8]楊兆平,盛壽日,林淑英,等.硝酸鉍催化“一鍋法”合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].江西師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2007,31(3):262-267.

[9]MOJGAN K,RAHIM H,ABDOLJALIL M,et al.Efficient and green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones using imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid as a novel,reusable and water-soluble organocatalyst[J].Catalysis Communications,2011,15:123-126.

[10]路軍,馬懷讓,李萬華.三氯化鐵催化的一鍋法合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].有機(jī)化學(xué),2000,20(5):815-819.

[11]付巖,張愛黎,杜紅梅,等.磷酸二氫鉀催化合成5-乙氧羰基-4-苯基-6-甲基-3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].化學(xué)與生物工程,2007,24(11):28-30.

[12]FARHAD S,MOHAMMAD A Z,JALAL A.Melamine trisulfonic acid:A new,efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones-thiones in the absence of solvent[J].Chinese Chemical Letters,2011,22(3):318-321.

[13]TU Shujiang,F(xiàn)ANG Fang,MIAO Chunbao,et al.One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using boric acid as catalyst[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2003,44:6 153-6 155.

[14]傅南雁,袁耀鋒,龐美麗,等.利用三溴化銦催化的Biginelli反應(yīng)原位合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].高等學(xué)?;瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2003,24(1):79-81.

[15]DEBACHE A,BOUMOUD B,AMIMOUR M,et al.Phenylboronic acid as a mild and efficient catalyst for Biginelli reaction[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2006,47:5 697-5 699.

[16]屠樹江,房芳,高原,等.微波輻射下4-(2-氯苯基)-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮的合成和晶體結(jié)構(gòu)[J].結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué),2003,22(5):617-619.

[17]王東超,袁騰飛,楊西寧,等.微波輻射下FeCl3·6H2O催化綠色合成3,4-二氫嘧啶-2-酮[J].有機(jī)化學(xué),2007,27(8): 1 034-1 037.

[18]丁欣宇,景曉輝,施磊.超聲波輻射合成4-(4-氯苯基)-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氫嘧啶-2(1H)-酮[J].化學(xué)試劑,2006,28(4):249-251.

[19]RANU B C,HAJRA A,JANA U.Indium(III)chloride catalyzed one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones by a threecomponent coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds,aldehydes and urea:an improved procedure for the Biginelli reaction[J].J Org Chem,2000,65:6 270-6 272.

Abstract:3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-Ones and their derivatives were synthesized in high yields by onepot three component beginelli reactions of aldehydes,β-dicarbonyl compounds,urea or thiourea catalytic by picric acid.The reaction time need 2-3 h,The final yield was 75% -98%.

Key words:Biginelli reaction;3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-Ones;picric acid

One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrim idine-2(1H)-Ones

WEIZhen-zhong,WANG Shao-hui,HONG Mei-ling
(School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Huaibei Normal University,235000,Huaibei,Anhui,China)

O 626.4

A

2095-0691(2012)03-0046-04

2012-04-05

中科院重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金(PCOM201105);安徽省含能材料重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室基金項(xiàng)目(KLEM2009009)

魏振中(1979- ),男,安徽巢湖人,碩士,講師,主要從事藥物合成研究.

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