程浩芹
【摘 要】名詞性從句是高中英語教學的重點內容之一,每年的高考試題中都會出現(xiàn)對名詞性從句的考查,考查方向側重于名詞性從句的辨認,引導詞的選擇,是否缺失語法成分,缺失什么語法成分以及與定語從句的區(qū)別等,本文試從如下方面對名詞性從句的要點加以歸納。
【關鍵詞】名詞性從句考點 舉要
名詞性從句是高中英語教學的重點內容之一,每年的高考試題中都會出現(xiàn)對名詞性從句的考查??疾榉较騻戎赜诿~性從句的辨認,引導詞的選擇,是否缺失語法成分,缺失什么語法成分以及與定語從句,狀語從句之間的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)就名詞性從句的考點分析如下:
一、名詞性從句由主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句所組成,在句子中做主語,表語,賓語,介詞的賓語,同位語
What parents say and do has a life-long effort on his children.
One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
We cannot figure out why quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom.
二、名詞性從句的引導詞
that, what, if ,whether, as if(只用來引導表語從句), who, which, when, where, why, how whoever, whatever, however, whose 等.
1. What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
2. The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday's newspaper.
3. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's where the best job are.
4. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether it is rough or smooth.
三、名詞性從句的辨認
A. 主語從句出在主語的位置或是由it做形式主語而把真實的主語從句放在句子的后面。
B. 表語從句處于be或其他系動詞的后面。
C. 賓語從句處于及物動詞,及物的短語動詞或介詞的后面。
D. 同位語從句處于一個名詞的后面且該名詞在從句中不做任何成分。
注:同位語從句是對前面的名詞的內容的進一步說明,而定語從句則是對前面的名詞時行修飾。
1.What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.(主語從句 /表語從句)
2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make what it is.(賓語從句)
3. Nobody believe his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.(同位語從句)
4. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his teammates had done.(賓語從句)
5. We haven't settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.(賓語從句)
6. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.(表語從句)
四、that的用法
1.如果名詞性從句為陳述句,用that 引導。
2.只有在賓語從句中可以省略that,而在主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句中一般不能省略that。
有下列情況之一者不可以省去that:
A. 當謂語動詞和賓語從句被別的詞分隔開時。
B. 第二個賓語從句不能省去that。
C. 賓語從句中含有一個主從復合句時。
D. 當it為形式賓語后接賓語從句時。
1. That she said last night she did some reading.
2.She said Unit 4 was very important and that she should learn it well.
3.They promised me that if I worked hard from then on, they would buy me a computer.
五、what 的用法
當完全具備下列各條件,主,表,賓,同四種從句中可以用what。
1.從句中缺主語、表語、賓語、介語的賓語。
2.從句缺少引導詞。
3.在意義上指物,意為:“……所……的”或“……的……”,因此在很多由what引導的名詞性從句中,從句不表示疑問。
六、if和whether的用法
1.只有在賓語從句可以用if而在主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句中只能用whether。
2.在下列情況下的賓語從句中只能用whether而不能用if。
A. 如果出現(xiàn)whether…or…或whether…or not 不能用if代替whether
B. 介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether。
C. 習慣上discuss后的賓語從句只能用whether而不能用 if。
七、 it作形式主語和形式賓語的基本結構
1.形式主語
It(形式主語) +be+形容詞+that從句(真實主語)
形容詞有:important、necessary、probable、natural、good、possible、true、clear、0evident、wrong、likely、certain 等。
It (形式主語) +be+(a)+名詞+that從句(真實主語)
名詞有:a fact、a good idea、a honor、a pity、a shame, a pleasure a wonder, common knowledge,等。
It (形式主語) +be+過去分詞+that從句(真實主語)
過去分詞有:said、reported、suggested、thought、accepted、demanded、expected、proved、known、pointed out、hoped等。
It (形式主語) +不及物動詞+that從句(真實主語)
動詞有:appear、happen、matter 等。
2.形式賓語
think、find、consider、make等+it(形式賓語)+形容詞或名詞(賓補)+that從句(真實賓語)
Like、dislike、hate、love、appreciate + it(形式賓語)+賓語從句
動詞+介詞+it(形式賓語)+that從句(賓語從句)
動詞: see to、depend on等后接賓語從句時。
八、what 和關系代詞的區(qū)別
1.what和關系代詞都在從句做主語,賓語,表語或介詞的賓語,但what不是關系代詞,也不能引導定語從句。
2.關系代詞前面必定有一個名詞為其先行詞,而what引導的名詞性從句前面不一定有。
3.關系代詞引導定語從句,而what引導名詞性從句。
That is my question how I can get it.(名詞性從句)
That is my question I asked Tom.(定語從句)
九、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
1.同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容的陳述,而定語從句是對前面名詞的修飾。
2.同位語從句前面的名詞在后面的從句中不擔任任何成分,而定語從句前面的名詞在后面的從句中擔任一定的語法成分,且多擔任主語,表語,賓語或介詞的賓語。
The idea that saving water can protect our environment is very good.
The idea that he put forward in the meeting was very good.
3.同位語從句多用that作引導詞而定語從句還有別的關系詞引導。(如果同位語從句前面的名詞是question, problem等表示疑問的名詞時,也可能由whether或wh-連接詞引導)
4.同位語從句可以由how引導而定語從句的關系詞中沒有how。