陳昌華
摘要: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是高考中??嫉囊环N時(shí)態(tài),用法多樣,考查的頻率比較高,廣大學(xué)生難以掌握,作者擬從現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念、形式入手,結(jié)合高考真題,力求理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法進(jìn)行歸納,對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法進(jìn)行辨析,幫助學(xué)生掌握。
關(guān)鍵詞: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)高考真題用法辨析
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念和形式
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be+v-ing”構(gòu)成。
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法和考查
1.表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事,常和now,right now,at this moment等時(shí)間狀語連用。
The water is boiling.You can make tea.水開了,你可以沏茶了。
Dont go out.It is raining hard outside.不要出去,外面雨下得很大。
高考鏈接
①—Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?(2007年遼寧卷)
—Yes,I have.I guess itnow.
A.has graded B.is graded C.is being graded D.is grading
②—I dont suppose the police know who did it.(06江蘇卷)
—Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested andnow.
A.has been questionedB.is being questioned
C.is questioningD.has questioned
③—Im not finished with my dinner yet.(2010北京卷24)
—But our friends for us.
A.will waitB.waitC.have waited D.are waiting
④Food supplies in the flood-stricken area .We must act immediately before theres none left.【2012重慶】
A.have run outB.are running out
C.have been run outD.are being run out
解析:第①題句意為:“你的作業(yè)上交沒有?是的,交了。我猜想作業(yè)正在批改中”答案為C。第②題中,時(shí)間狀語為now,可以判定答案在B和C中選擇,男子應(yīng)該是被逮捕和審訊,所以答案為B。第③題句意:“我晚餐還沒有做好。但是我們的朋友在等?!北硎菊诘却?,言下之意為:“我們要加快點(diǎn)了,朋友們在等呢!”答案為D。第④題句意為“洪水襲擊地區(qū)的食物供應(yīng)正在減少,我們必須在消耗完之前馬上行動(dòng)。”答案B。
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事,常和 these days,this week,at present 等時(shí)間狀語連用,這是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的“階段性”特征。
John is losing hair.約翰近來脫發(fā)了。
It is snowing outside.外面在下雪。
Everyone is losing money these days.現(xiàn)在大家都在丟錢。
高考鏈接
—I hear youin a pub.Whats it like? (2011江蘇卷,21題)
—Well,its very hard work and Im always tired,but I dont mind.
A.are workingB.will work
C.were working D.will be working
解析:根據(jù)句意:“聽說你在一個(gè)酒吧工作。感覺怎樣?喔,工作很辛苦人很累,但我不介意。”將來時(shí)態(tài)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都不合適,因?yàn)閱柕氖乾F(xiàn)階段的事。答案為A。
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的連用,表示將來的動(dòng)作。這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞包括begin,start,have,go,come,leave,drive,move,arrive,take,get,stay,fly,finish,return,go off,see off,die,take off 等動(dòng)詞。如:
My mother is coming to see me tomorrow.我母親明天要來看我。
I am changing my hotel.我打算換旅館。
高考鏈接
I ve won a two-day holiday to Florida.Imy mum.(2001春季高考)
A.a(chǎn)m taking B.have taken C.takeD.will have taken
解析:該題正確選項(xiàng)為 A,I am taking my mum意為我要帶我媽媽去。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和always,continually,continuously,constantly,forever等連用,表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作或說話人表揚(yáng)、批評、抱怨、或厭惡等感情色彩。如:
He is always finding fault with what I say.他老是對我說的話吹毛求疵。(不滿)
Jim is always coming late to class.湯姆總是上課遲到。(批評)
She is always helping others.她總愛幫助人。(表揚(yáng))
That old car of Toms is always breaking down.湯姆的那輛老爺車總是歇火。(抱怨)
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常表示臨時(shí)性、暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)暗示動(dòng)作還沒有結(jié)束。如:
She is writing a book,but I dont know if she has finished it.她正在寫一本書,但我不知道她是否寫完了。
His car has broken down.She is going to work by bike.她的小汽車壞了,現(xiàn)在騎自行車上班。
高考鏈接
①I don t really work here; Iuntil the new secretary arrives .(NMET 1994)
A.just help out B.have just helped out
C.a(chǎn)m just helping outD.will just help out
②—Is this raincoat yours ?
—No,mine therebehind the door.(NMET 1997)
A.is hangingB.has hungC.hangsD.hung
解析:第①題正確選項(xiàng)為 C,句意為:“我實(shí)際上不在這兒工作,我只是在新秘書未到的這段時(shí)間里幫忙而已。”第②題正確選項(xiàng)為 A,只要“我”的雨衣現(xiàn)在正在門后掛著,就可以說明this raincoat不是“我”的,完全沒有必要說“我”的雨衣經(jīng)常在門后掛著,所以選項(xiàng)C不合適。
6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的或變化的發(fā)展過程,有時(shí)含有“剛剛開始,逐漸開始”的含義。例如:
I am remembering her more and more.我慢慢地記起她了。
Im forgetting my English 我的英語開始忘了。
The leaves are turning red.樹葉漸漸地變紅了。
適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等。
高考鏈接
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technologyso rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A.is changing B.has changed
C.will have changed D.will change
解析:該題正確選項(xiàng)為 A,Technology is changing rapidly.是說技術(shù)在飛速發(fā)展。
7.Be 動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。
He is being foolish.他在裝傻。
He is being honest.他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。(其實(shí)未必老實(shí))
I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。
比較:
He is polite.他很懂禮貌。(通常的情況)
He is being polite for the moment.他現(xiàn)在倒是很懂禮貌的。(平時(shí)不是如此,只是現(xiàn)在如此)
8.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示委婉意義
某些動(dòng)詞,如hope,want,wonder等與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用時(shí),常探詢式地表示一種愿望或態(tài)度。此用法在語言上顯得含蓄、委婉,如果改用現(xiàn)在時(shí),就顯得不那么隱諱且稍欠禮貌。
Im hoping to borrow some money.我希望借些錢。
I was wondering if you could help me.不知道你能否幫助我。
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法比較
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作;一般進(jìn)行時(shí)表示臨時(shí)性、暫時(shí)性的動(dòng)作。
例1.
The computer works perfectly.(經(jīng)常性)
The compouter is working perfectly.(暫時(shí)性)
例2.
He goes to work by bike.(經(jīng)常性)
His car has broken down.He is going to work by bike.(臨時(shí)性、暫時(shí)性)
2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示持續(xù)性、永久性的動(dòng)作,沒有時(shí)間的限制;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示短暫性動(dòng)作。
例1.
The bus stops.(迅速停車)
The bus is stopping.(漸漸地停下來)
例2.
She lives in Nanjing.(永久性)
She is living in Nanjing.(短時(shí)間居?。?/p>
3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是客觀陳述,不帶感情色彩;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)帶有感情色彩。
Jane does fine.約翰干得好。(客觀陳述是一個(gè)事實(shí))
Jane is always doing dine.約翰總是干得好。(表揚(yáng),稱贊)
He always looks for faults.他吹毛求疵。(他一貫如此——事實(shí))
He is always looking for faults.他總是吹毛求疵。(他有點(diǎn)討厭,表示不滿、憤怒)
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]歷年高考英語試題.
[2]新概念英語.
[3]徐廣聯(lián).大學(xué)英語語法講座與測試.2003.
[4]宋慕法.英語語法難題.上海外語教育出版社,1991.