葉舟 廖專 陳志平 林克榮 張志堅(jiān)
胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤并發(fā)急性胰腺炎一例并文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)
葉舟 廖專 陳志平 林克榮 張志堅(jiān)
患者女,62歲。因“突發(fā)右上腹痛7 d”于2010年4月19日收入我科。腹痛呈持續(xù)性絞痛,并向右側(cè)肩背部及上腹部?jī)蓚?cè)條帶狀放射,隨體位改變不能緩解,伴腹脹、噯氣、嘔吐數(shù)次,嘔吐物為黃色胃內(nèi)容物,非噴射性。門診實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查:血淀粉酶405 U/L,血糖9.6 mmol/L,總膽紅素10.5 μmol/L。B超示胰腺增大、主胰管擴(kuò)張、胰頭顯示不清;膽囊泥沙樣結(jié)石;肝脾未見明顯異常?;颊?0余年前曾有一次急性胰腺炎發(fā)作史。體檢:腹肌無明顯緊張,上腹壓痛、反跳痛陽性,肝脾肋下未觸及,麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn)無壓痛,Murphy征陽性,肝腎區(qū)叩擊痛陽性。實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查:WBC 12.97×109/L,中性88.28%;血細(xì)胞沉降率91.0 mm/h,CRP 186.0 mg/L;淀粉酶121 U/L,血糖12.2 mmol/L,膽固醇6.61 mmol/L;CA19-9 61.16 U/ml,CEA、AFP、CA125均正常。入院后給予抗感染、制酸、抑制胰酶分泌、補(bǔ)液、保肝、改善循環(huán)等處理后腹痛癥狀緩解。復(fù)查WBC 9.36×109/L,淀粉酶28 U/L,血糖8.7 mmol/L,CRP 99.7 mg/L。2010年4月23日上腹部MRI +MRCP示:(1)胰腺多發(fā)囊性改變,考慮囊腺瘤,跟主胰管相通;(2)胰腺炎,膽囊結(jié)石,左腎囊腫(圖1)。轉(zhuǎn)入普外科行剖腹探查。術(shù)中見膽囊腫大,內(nèi)觸及結(jié)石;整個(gè)胰腺布滿囊性瘤,呈葡萄狀,在胰頭后方,切開胰腺,完整剝離出其中一個(gè)囊腫,送冷凍病理檢驗(yàn)。行膽囊切除術(shù)+胰腸吻合術(shù)。病理檢查示胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤。術(shù)后至今3月余,患者無明顯不適。
圖1 患者的MRCP(a)和MRI(b、c、d)征象圖
討論胰腺囊腺瘤比較少見,約占胰腺良性囊性病變的10%,它好發(fā)于中年婦女。根據(jù)囊腺瘤的形態(tài)、起源和生物學(xué)特征,分為漿液性囊腺瘤和黏液性囊腺瘤兩種類型。漿液性囊腺瘤以小囊為主,切面呈蜂窩多孔狀,有結(jié)締組織間隔,其內(nèi)皮由單層扁平細(xì)胞或立方細(xì)胞組成;細(xì)胞及其核型似中央腺泡細(xì)胞,無異形性,無核分裂象;囊腫內(nèi)壁光滑無乳頭狀突起;無惡變傾向。黏液性囊腺瘤的囊腫較大,切面多為大的單房性或多房性囊腫,囊內(nèi)充滿黏液;囊壁內(nèi)皮由柱狀細(xì)胞組成,瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)含有豐富黏液,但無糖原存在;囊腫內(nèi)壁光滑或有乳頭狀突起;具有潛在的惡變危險(xiǎn)。漿液性囊腺瘤的好發(fā)年齡為55~73歲;而黏液性囊腺瘤較年輕,為49~63歲。本病偶見于12歲的兒童,甚至6~16個(gè)月的嬰兒。
本病例患者以急性胰腺炎癥狀入院,腹部彩超示胰腺增大,主胰管擴(kuò)張,膽囊有泥沙樣結(jié)石。首先考慮膽源性急性胰腺炎,后經(jīng)MRCP示胰腺多發(fā)囊腺瘤,轉(zhuǎn)入普外科剖腹探查,術(shù)中取活檢送冷凍病理檢查,示胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤。最后確診為胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤并發(fā)急性胰腺炎。胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤并發(fā)急性胰腺炎的原因考慮為胰腺囊腺瘤跟主胰管相通。這類患者治療上首先仍需按急性胰腺炎治療,給予胃腸減壓、抑制胰酶分泌、抑制胃酸分泌、抗感染、補(bǔ)液、改善循環(huán)等,同時(shí)行影像學(xué)檢查以此判斷急性胰腺炎是否由胰腺囊腺瘤引起。
胰腺囊腺瘤最常見的臨床表現(xiàn)為上腹脹痛或隱痛、上腹部腫塊,其次有體重減輕、黃疸、消化道出血、各種胃腸道癥狀和肝轉(zhuǎn)移。經(jīng)近10年文獻(xiàn)檢索,國內(nèi)報(bào)道胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤共10例[1-7],但均無并發(fā)急性胰腺炎。國外17篇文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道187例胰腺囊腺瘤[8-24],其中伴有急性胰腺炎7例[11-14,21-23]。
分析國外7例和本文1例患者的資料,胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤并發(fā)急性胰腺炎有以下特征:(1)患者絕大多數(shù)為女性(男性1例,女性7例)。(2)年齡9~71歲,平均年齡45歲,以30~60歲中年患者居多。(3)臨床癥狀均為上腹脹痛,可伴胃腸道出血。(4)影像學(xué)檢查均提示胰腺囊腺瘤,腫瘤最長(zhǎng)徑為2.5~16 cm;5例單房型,3例多房型;5例行MRI、MRCP或ERCP檢查者4例發(fā)現(xiàn)囊腺瘤與主胰管相通。(5)一般采用腹腔鏡治療(3例)或手術(shù)治療(5例),腹腔鏡治療包括腹腔鏡下胰腺囊腺瘤切除術(shù)、腹腔鏡下胰腺末端切除術(shù)等;手術(shù)治療包括遠(yuǎn)端胰腺切除、脾切除、胰腺囊腺瘤切除、胰空腸吻合術(shù)等,公認(rèn)的成功治療方法是胰腺末端切除術(shù)或胰次全切除術(shù)合并脾切術(shù)[1,4-9]。
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(本文編輯:屠振興)
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.03.025
350000 福州,南京軍區(qū)福州總醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(葉舟、陳志平、林克榮、張志堅(jiān));第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)海醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(廖專)