丁林芬, 郭亞?wèn)|, 吳興德, 馬銀海
(1.昆明醫(yī)學(xué)院藥學(xué)院,云南昆明 650031;2.昆明學(xué)院化學(xué)科學(xué)與技術(shù)系,云南昆明 650031)
珍珠菜(Lysimachia clethroideDuby)為報(bào)春花科珍珠菜屬多年生草本植物。廣泛分布于我國(guó)東北、華北、華東、中南、西南及河北、陜西等地。其味苦、辛、性平。全草入藥,具有清熱解毒、活血調(diào)經(jīng)、利水消腫等功效[1]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道已從該植物分離得到黃酮、三萜等化學(xué)成分[2-4]。為更好的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用珍珠菜資源,本研究對(duì)珍珠菜進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分研究,從中分離得到11個(gè)黃酮類(lèi)化合物,其中化合物3、6為首次從該種植物中分離得到,化合物8~11為首次從該屬植物中分離得到。
質(zhì)譜用VG Auto Spec-3000型質(zhì)譜儀測(cè)定;核磁共振譜用Bruker AM-400和DRX-500超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀測(cè)定,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo);Sephadex LH-20為瑞典Pharmacia公司生產(chǎn);1100型高效液相色譜儀,包括二極管陣列檢測(cè)器,色譜工作站,半制備用色譜柱ZORBAX SB-C18(9.4 mm ×250 mm,5 μm)均為美國(guó)Agilent公司生產(chǎn);柱色譜硅膠、硅膠GF254為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);溶劑為工業(yè)純(重蒸)。
珍珠菜采自云南省大理州,由中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所李錫文教授鑒定為珍珠菜L.clethroide,標(biāo)本現(xiàn)存于該所標(biāo)本室(標(biāo)本號(hào)2006-19)。
珍珠菜干燥全草5 kg粉碎后,用70%丙酮冷浸提取3次,減壓濃縮得浸膏(800 g),經(jīng)100~200目硅膠柱色譜,用氯仿-丙酮(100∶0~0∶100)梯度洗脫,分成8個(gè)部分(Fr.1~8)。Fr.2(6.5 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-丙酮(100∶1~10∶1)梯度洗脫,分成3個(gè)部分(Fr.2.1~2.3),F(xiàn)r.2.1經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,分離得到化合物1(55 mg);Fr.2.2經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱色譜,Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,半制備液相色譜,甲醇-水(25∶75,3 mL/min)為流動(dòng)相,分離得到化合物6(8 mg);Fr.2.3經(jīng)過(guò)半制備液相色譜,甲醇-水(45∶55,3 mL/min)為流動(dòng)相,分離得到化合物4(15 mg)。Fr.4(2.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(30∶1~5∶1)梯度洗脫,分成3個(gè)部分(Fr.4.1~4.3),F(xiàn)r.4.2經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,分離得到化合物5(75 mg)。Fr.6(9.3 g)經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇(20∶1~5∶1)梯度洗脫,分成3個(gè)部分(Fr.6.1~6.3),F(xiàn)r.6.1經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠柱色譜和Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,分離得到化合物7(13 mg)、9(11 mg),F(xiàn)r.6.2經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱色譜,Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,半制備液相色譜,甲醇-水(37∶63,3 mL/min)為流動(dòng)相,分離得到化合物3(10 mg)。Fr.7(8.5 g)經(jīng)反相柱色譜,甲醇-水(10∶90~80∶20)梯度洗脫,分成4個(gè)部分(Fr.7.1~7.4),F(xiàn)r.7.2經(jīng)過(guò)硅膠柱色譜,Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,半制備液相色譜,甲醇-水(35∶65,3 mL/min)為流動(dòng)相,分離得到化合物2(34 mg)、8(9 mg)、10(14 mg)、11(6 mg)。
化合物1黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陰性。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:6.18(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-6),6.43(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-8),8.03(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),6.92(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,H-5′)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:146.9(C-2),135.7(C-3),175.9(C-4),160.8(C-5),98.3(C-6),164.0(C-7),93.6(C-8),156.3(C-9),103.1(C-10),121.8(C-1′),129.6(C-2′,C-6′),115.5(C-3′,C-5′),159.3(C-4′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5,6]報(bào)道的山柰酚數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物2黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,ESI-MSm/z447[M-H]-。1H-NMR(CD3COCD3,500 MHz)δ:12.49(5-OH),6.27(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6),6.51(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-8),8.14(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),6.97(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3′,H-5′),5.44(1H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-1″),3.45(1H,dd,J=8.9,7.8 Hz,H-2″),3.42(1H,t,J=8.9 Hz,H-3″),3.34(1H,t,J=8.9 Hz,H-4″),3.26(1H,m,H-5″),3.64(1H,dd,J=12.0,2.4 Hz,H-6″a),3.50(1H,dd,J=12.0,5.2 Hz,H-6″b)。13C-NMR(CD3COCD3,125 MHz)δ:156.5(C-2),133.3(C-3),177.5(C-4),161.5(C-5),98.6(C-6),164.8(C-7),93.5(C-8),156.2(C-9),103.8(C-10),120.9(C-1′),130.6(C-2′,C-6′),115.8(C-3′,C-5′),159.8(C-4′),101.4(C-1″),74.3(C-2″),76.5(C-3″),69.5(C-4″),77.7(C-5″),62.5(C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]報(bào)道的山柰酚 3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(紫云英苷)數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物3黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,ESI-MSm/z449[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:6.19(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.39(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),8.06(2H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),6.85(2H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-3′,H-5′),5.28(1H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-1″)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:157.2(C-2),134.3(C-3),178.4(C-4),161.8(C-5),98.6(C-6),164.8(C-7),93.5(C-8),157.8(C-9),103.7(C-10),121.4(C-1′),131.1(C-2′,C-6′),114.8(C-3′,C-5′),160.4(C-4′),103.7(C-1″),71.7(C-2″),73.7(C-3″),68.7(C-4″),75.8(C-5″),60.7(C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]報(bào)道的山柰酚3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物4黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,ESI-MSm/z593[M-H]-。1H-NMR(C5D5N,500 MHz)δ:12.42(5-OH),6.25(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.48(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),8.08(2H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),6.91(2H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-3′,H-5′),5.35(1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1″),3.47 ~3.20(m,H-2″~H-5″),4.33(1H,dd,J=10.9,1.9 Hz,H-6″a),4.17(1H,dd,J=10.9,6.1 Hz,H-6″b),7.44(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-2?,H-6?),6.87(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-3?,H-5?),7.42(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7?),6.15(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-8?)。13CNMR(C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:157.7(C-2),133.5(C-3),178.7(C-4),162.8(C-5),99.9(C-6),165.3(C-7),94.6(C-8),157.6(C-9),105.2(C-10),121.8(C-1′),131.8(C-2′,C-6′),116.8(C-3′,C-5′),161.8(C-4′),104.1(C-1″),76.0(C-2″),78.4(C-3″),71.3(C-4″),76.0(C-5″),64.2(C-6″),126.1(C-1?),130.7(C-2?,C-6?),116.1(C-3?,C-5?),161.4(C-4?),145.2(C-7?),114.9(C-8?),167.2(C-9?)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]報(bào)道的山柰酚 3-O-(6″-p-香豆酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(銀煅苷)數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物5黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish 反應(yīng)陰性。1H-NMR(CD3COCD3,500 MHz)δ:6.24(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6),6.50(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-8),7.80(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.98(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),7.67(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.0 Hz,H-6′)。13C-NMR(CD3COCD3,100 MHz)δ:146.9(C-2),136.7(C-3),176.5(C-4),162.2(C-5),99.1(C-6),164.9(C-7),94.4(C-8),157.6(C-9),104.0(C-10),123.6(C-1′),116.1(C-2′),145.8(C-3′),148.3(C-4′),115.6(C-5′),121.4(C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5,6]報(bào)道的槲皮素?cái)?shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物6黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陰性,ESI-MSm/z315[M-H]-。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:6.76(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-6),6.87(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-8),8.31(1H,d,J=1.9 Hz,H-2′),7.38(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),8.21(1H,d,J=8.4,1.9 Hz,H-6′),3.87(OMe)。13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:148.5(C-2),137.9(C-3),177.4(C-4),157.5(C-5),99.3(C-6),165.6(C-7),94.4(C-8),162.5(C-9),104.5(C-10),123.1(C-1′),116.6(C-2′),147.5(C-3′),149.4(C-4′),112.6(C-5′),122.8(C-6′),56.0(OMe)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]報(bào)道的異鼠李素?cái)?shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物7黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,ESI-MSm/z465[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3COCD3,400 MHz)δ:12.36(5-OH),6.27(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.50(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),8.01(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.93(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),7.57(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.0 Hz,H-6′),5.42(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1″),3.46 ~3.20(m,H-2″~ H-5″),3.74(1H,dd,J=11.8,2.3 Hz,H-6″a),3.57(1H,dd,J=11.8,5.2 Hz,H-6″b)。13C-NMR(CD3COCD3,100 MHz)δ:157.9(C-2),135.6(C-3),179.1(C-4),162.9(C-5),99.7(C-6),165.3(C-7),94.6(C-8),158.8(C-9),105.4(C-10),122.6(C-1′),115.8(C-2′),145.2(C-3′),149.2(C-4′),117.9(C-5′),122.6(C-6′),105.0(C-1″),75.5(C-2″),77.8(C-3″),70.9(C-4″),78.1(C-5″),62.7(C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]報(bào)道的槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(異槲皮苷)數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物8黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,F(xiàn)AB-MSm/z477[M-H]-。1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:12.46(5-OH),6.28(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.53(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),8.05(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.97(1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′),7.64(1H,dd,J=8.5,2.0 Hz,H-6′),5.42(1H,d,J=7.5 Hz,H-1″),3.94(OMe)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:156.7(C-2),133.8(C-3),179.1(C-4),161.3(C-5),99.4(C-6),164.1(C-7),94.1(C-8),156.2(C-9),103.4(C-10),122.0(C-1′),113.4(C-2′),146.2(C-3′),149.5(C-4′),115.4(C-5′),122.4(C-6′),101.1(C-1″),71.4(C-2″),73.0(C-3″),67.8(C-4″),75.6(C-5″),60.4(C-6″),56.3(OMe)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]報(bào)道的槲皮素 3′-甲氧基-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物9黃色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,F(xiàn)AB-MSm/z611[M+H]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,500 MHz)δ:12.61(5-OH),6.14(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6),6.34(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-8),7.51(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.81(1H,d,J=8.7 Hz,H-5′),7.53(1H,dd,J=8.7,2.0 Hz,H-6′),5.40(1H,d,J=7.4 Hz,H-1″),7.34(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2?,H-6?),6.77(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3?,H-5?),7.30(1H,d,J=15.1 Hz,H-7?),6.12(1H,d,J=15.1 Hz,H-8?)。13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,125 MHz)δ:156.3(C-2),133.1(C-3),177.4(C-4),161.2(C-5),98.7(C-6),164.1(C-7),93.5(C-8),156.3(C-9),103.8(C-10),121.1(C-1′),116.2(C-2′),144.8(C-3′),148.5(C-4′),115.2(C-5′),121.5(C-6′),100.7(C-1″),73.9(C-2″),76.3(C-3″),69.9(C-4″),74.3(C-5″),63.5(C-6″),124.9(C-1?),130.1(C-2?,C-6?),115.7(C-3?,C-5?),159.7(C-4?),144.5(C-7?),113.6(C-8?),166.2(C-9?)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]報(bào)道 的 quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6″-p-coumaroyl)-galactoside數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物10白色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陰性,醋酸鎂反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,ESI-MSm/z463[M+H]+。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:8.12(1H,s,H-2),7.15(1H,s,H-8),7.68(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),7.27(2H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-3′,H-5′),5.25(1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-1″),3.98(OMe)。13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz) δ:154.5(C-2),122.1(C-3),181.7(C-4),153.9(C-5),131.0(C-6),157.7(C-7),94.8(C-8),153.3(C-9),107.7(C-10),123.8(C-1′),131.0(C-2′,C-6′),116.4(C-3′,C-5′),159.4(C-4′),102.0(C-1″),74.7(C-2″),78.7(C-3″),71.2(C-4″),79.5(C-5″),62.5(C-6″),60.8(OMe)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]報(bào)道的 4′-methoxy-5, 6-dihydroxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside數(shù)據(jù)一致。
化合物11白色粉末,鹽酸-鎂粉反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,Molish反應(yīng)陽(yáng)性,F(xiàn)AB-MSm/z419[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,500 MHz)δ:5.45(1H,dd,J=12.5,2.7 Hz,H-2),2.65(1H,dd,J=15.9,2.7 Hz,H-3),3.05(1H,J=12.5,15.9 Hz,H-3),7.72(1H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-5),6.51(1H,dd,J=8.8,2.2 Hz,H-6),6.35(1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),7.43(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,H-6′),7.13(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,H-5′),4.89(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1″),3.25-3.33(m,H-2″-H-5″),3.69(1H,dd,J=11.5,5.5 Hz,H-6″a),3.45(1H,dd,J=11.5,3.0 Hz,H-6″b)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,125 MHz)δ:80.7(C-2),44.9(C-3),193.2(C-4),134.5(C-5),111.8(C-6),165.4(C-7),102.3(C-8),164.8(C-9),115.1(C-10),129.9(C-1′),128.8(C-2′,C-6′),116.3(C-3′,C-5′),158.9(C-4′),103.8(C-1″),74.8(C-2″),77.8(C-3″),71.2(C-4″),78.4(C-5″),62.4(C-6″)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報(bào)道的 4′-羥基二氫黃酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷數(shù)據(jù)一致。
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