張 濤
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多群體模型下策略集的進(jìn)化穩(wěn)定
張 濤
(廣西工學(xué)院 信息與計算科學(xué)系,廣西 柳州 545006)
為了尋求策略在動力學(xué)下的進(jìn)化穩(wěn)定性,克服嚴(yán)格納什均衡的缺陷,定義了一個純策略弱優(yōu)回應(yīng)映射,得到了任意保號選擇動力學(xué),若面在純策略弱優(yōu)回應(yīng)映射下是閉的,則它是漸進(jìn)穩(wěn)定的.
純策略弱優(yōu)回應(yīng)映射;保號選擇動力學(xué);漸進(jìn)穩(wěn)定
多群體模型是指假定有多個無限大群體,重復(fù)地從每個群體中抽取一個個體,假定個體原來采用一個特定的純策略或混合策略,博弈可能是對稱的,也可能是非對稱的,于是在這種模型下研究策略組合的穩(wěn)定性.
定義2.7 若正則選擇動力學(xué),滿足:
則稱此正則選擇動力學(xué)為保號選擇動力學(xué)[6](SPS).
這一結(jié)論揭示了一個面在保號選擇動力學(xué)下是漸進(jìn)穩(wěn)定的,只與純策略有關(guān),而與混合策略無關(guān).
例1 在Van Damme[3]4901989年的文章中有下面的博弈:
圖1 兩人博弈圖
[1] RITZBERGER K, WEIBULL J W. Evolutionary selection in normal form games[J]. Econometrica, 1996, 63: 137-99.
[2] BALKENBORG D, SCHLAG K H. Evolutionarily stable sets[J]. International Journal of Game Theory, 2000, 29: 571-95.
[3] VAN Damme E. Stable equilibria and forward induction[J]. Journal of Economic Theory, 1989, 48: 476-96.
[4] CRESSMAN R. The stability concept of evolutionary game theory [M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992.
[5] WEIBULL J W. Evolutionary game theory[M]. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1995.
[6] BASU K, WEIBULL J. Strategy subsets closed under rational behavior[J]. Economics letters, 1991, 36: 141-46.
[責(zé)任編輯:孫建平]
The Evolutionary Stability of the Strategy Set under the Multi-population Model
ZHANGTao
In order to search for the evolutionary stability of the strategy in dynamics and overcome the shortcomings of the strict Nash equilibrium, a pure-strategy better reply correspondence is defined and random sign-preserving dynamics is obtained. If the face is closed under the pure-strategy better reply correspondence, then it is asymptotically stable in sign-preserving selection dynamics.
pure-strategy better reply correspondence; sign-preserving system dynamics; asymptotical stability
1006-7302(2010)01-0064-04
O225
A
2009-06-19
廣西工學(xué)院碩士基金資助項目(院科字500563)
張濤(1974—),男,湖南長沙人,講師,碩士研究生,研究方向:對策論,E-mail: taozhangmaths@126.com.