句子:發(fā)展中國(guó)家要求在氣候變化問(wèn)題上有更多的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。
誤譯:The developing countries want more rights of speech in the issues about climate change.
正譯: The developing countries want more say in the issues about climate change.
解釋:right of speech 的意思是“發(fā)言權(quán)”,即“說(shuō)話的權(quán)利”,其含義不如“話語(yǔ)權(quán)”強(qiáng)烈?!霸捳Z(yǔ)權(quán)”的“權(quán)”,不僅可以表示“權(quán)利”(right),還可以表示“權(quán)力” (power)。英語(yǔ)的say 作為名詞,有right or power to influence action or decision的意思,即“影響行動(dòng)或決定的權(quán)利或權(quán)力”,正好表達(dá)了“話語(yǔ)權(quán)”的內(nèi)涵。
“話語(yǔ)”的第一個(gè)意思是“言語(yǔ)” 或“說(shuō)的話”。英語(yǔ)可以譯為 remark, words, what one says。例如:
1. 我勸你不要相信他的似乎天真的話語(yǔ)。I advise you not to believe his seemingly innocent remarks.
2. 這位詩(shī)人的話語(yǔ)有力量,既有正面,又有負(fù)面的力量。The poets words possess power ─ both positive and negative.
3. 她的話語(yǔ)感動(dòng)得我們流下眼淚。What she had said moved us to tears.
“話語(yǔ)”的第二個(gè)意思是指“由語(yǔ)句所構(gòu)成的連貫的和完整的較大的語(yǔ)言交際單位”。英語(yǔ)可以譯為discourse。例如:
4. 這位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家正在研究話語(yǔ)分析的方法。The linguist is studying the method of discourse analysis.
“話語(yǔ)權(quán)”,英語(yǔ)可以譯為say?!皳碛性捳Z(yǔ)權(quán)”,英語(yǔ)可以譯為 to have a say例如:
5. 國(guó)力的提升,增強(qiáng)了中國(guó)的軟實(shí)力,并為中國(guó)在國(guó)際社會(huì)贏得了更多的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。The enhancement of national strength has improved Chinas soft power and won more say for China in the international community.
6. 過(guò)去,發(fā)展中國(guó)家在國(guó)際重大問(wèn)題上沒(méi)有話語(yǔ)權(quán)。In the past, developing countries had no say in major international issues.▲
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)