徐元

動詞make,have,get,cause意為“使,使得”時,被稱為使役動詞,它們的含義和用法有一定的區(qū)別。

make

(1) 常用句式:make sb. do sth.,其中do sth.為省略了to的動詞不定式,作賓語補(bǔ)足語;側(cè)重于表達(dá)“強(qiáng)迫或堅持使某人做某事”的意義。

例1How did the nurse make the baby stop crying? 那位護(hù)士是怎樣使嬰兒停止啼哭的?

(2) 當(dāng)使用被動語態(tài)時,不定式前省去的to要補(bǔ)回來:be made to do sth.。

例2She made me clean my room. I was made to clean my room. 她非得要我自己打掃房間。我只好打掃自己的房間。

(3) 除了用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語外,還可以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示賓語被施于某種動作。

例3He spoke loudly in order to make himself noticed. 他大聲地說話,以便引起別人的注意。

get

(1) 常用句式:get sb. to do sth.,不定式to do sth.作賓語補(bǔ)足語;側(cè)重于表達(dá)“勸、說服某人做某事”的意思,但不是非要某人做不可。

例4The salesman got me to buy the computer. 推銷員說服我買了那臺計算機(jī)。

例5Youll never get her to agree with you. 你想要她同意是完全不可能的。

(2) get 后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以用動詞-ing形式,即get sb./sth. doing,意思是“使某人/某物做出某個動作”。

例6The joke got us laughing. 那個笑話使我們笑了。

例7Let me try now. Ill get the car going. 這回讓我試試,我會使這車子發(fā)動起來的。

have

(1) 常用句式:have sb. do sth.,do sth.為省略to的不定式,作賓語補(bǔ)足語;表示“使/要求某人做某事”,但別人能否做到就不能保證了。

例8Mrs. Adams had the staff arrive by 9:00. 亞當(dāng)斯夫人讓職員在9:00前到。

例9Whom did the teacher have write an article for the wall newspaper? 老師讓誰為墻報寫一篇文章?

有時have也可以用get代替。

例10Ill have my children clean the house before you arrive.=Ill get my children to clean the house before you arrive. 在你們到之前,我會讓孩子們把屋子打掃干凈。

(2) have后面也可以用動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:have sth./

sb. doing,意為“讓某物/某人處于某種狀態(tài)”;在疑問或否定句中,意為“不允許/不同意某人做某事”。

例11Be quick, Tom. I have the taxi waiting at the door. 湯姆,快點(diǎn)兒。我讓出租車等在門口了。

例12I wont have you smoking in the sitting room. 我不許你在起居室里抽煙。

(3) 當(dāng)表示“使事情通過他人得以完成”時,常用have sth. done的句式,其中have也可用get替換。

例13I must have/get the television fixed. 我必須請人把這臺電視機(jī)修好。

例14Ms. Friedman had/got the garden watered. 弗里德曼女士叫人給庭院澆了水。

cause

cause是較正式的用詞,常用句式:cause sb./sth. to do sth.,不定式to do sth.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。cause本為名詞,意為“原因”;用作動詞時,仍暗示著一種前因后果的關(guān)系,強(qiáng)調(diào)使某事發(fā)生的原因。

例15The sway of the train caused some water in the cup to spill out. 火車的搖晃使杯中的一些水灑了出來。

例16A sudden shift in weight caused the boat to turn over. 重量的突然轉(zhuǎn)移導(dǎo)致船翻了。

【牛刀小試】

1. Sheher children wash their hands before eating.

A. asked B. got C. made D. caused

2. His fathers death him to leave school.

A. made B. got C. had D. caused

3. His speech soonus thinking.

A. got B. made C. let D. caused

4. Tom made this mistake again, so his teacherhim copy the sentence fifty times.

A. caused B. made C. got D. wanted

5. The earthquakethe wall to sway(傾斜) to the left.

A. got B. made C. caused D. had

6. Whom would you ratherwith you, Jim or Jack?

A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go

7. Paul doesnt have to be made ; he always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

8. It was very cold in the cave, so theythe fire burning all night long.

A. had B. got C. caused D. made

9. Theyre going to have their house .

A. painting B. paint C. painted D. paints

10. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself .

A. to hear B. hearing C. hear D. heard

11. She had three childrencare of at home, so she couldnt go out for an outing with us.

A. taking B. to take C. taken D. take

12. Her mother wouldnther walking home all by herself at night.

A. get B. make C. have D. cause

13. They had to make bricksthe house themselves.

A. built B. build C. building D. to build

【參考答案】

1~5. CDABC6~10. ABACD11~13. BCD