王 飛
used to do sth. 意思是“過去常常做某事”,表示過去經(jīng)常做或一直做,而現(xiàn)在不做,它只用于過去時(shí)態(tài)。
●肯定句
主語+used to+動(dòng)詞原形…… 例如:
I used to go to the cinema, but I never have time now.
我過去經(jīng)常去看電影,但現(xiàn)在沒有時(shí)間了。
He used to listen to pop music, but now he likes rock music.
他過去總聽流行音樂,但現(xiàn)在喜歡搖滾了。
●否定句
A.主語+did not use to+動(dòng)詞原形……
B.主語+used not to+動(dòng)詞原形……
第一種否定句型,就是把used當(dāng)做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,所以變否定句要用助動(dòng)詞did;第二種否定句是把used當(dāng)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,變否定句直接在used后面加not,used not可以縮寫成usednt。
美式英語通常用A形式,英式英語常用B形式。例如:
I didnt use to drink.
我過去不喝酒。
The shop used not to open on Sundays.
過去這家商店星期天不營業(yè)。
●一般疑問句
A. Did+主語+use to+動(dòng)詞原形……?
B.Used+主語+to+動(dòng)詞原形……?
美式英語常用A形式,英式英語常用B形式。例如:
Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?
你小時(shí)候經(jīng)常在河里游泳嗎?
Used he togo to school by bike?
他過去總是騎車上學(xué)嗎?
●省略句
used to用于省略句時(shí),肯定式保留to,否定式不保留to。例如:
—Used you play basketball?
——你過去常打籃球嗎?
—Yes, I used to. (No, I used not.)
——是的,經(jīng)常打。(不,不常打。)
I dont write to him now, but I used to.
我現(xiàn)在不給他寫信了,但過去經(jīng)常寫。
would與used to在用法上的異同
would與used to都可用來表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常??梢曰Q。例如:
1.When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.
小時(shí)候,每到夏天我們都要去游泳。
2.He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books.
過去,他通常把掙來的錢全花在買書上。
would與used to都不能用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體頻度或具體的一段時(shí)間。例如不能說:
3. I would/used to go to France six times.
4. He used to live in Africa for twenty years.
上兩句應(yīng)分別改為:
I went to France six times.
我去過法國6次。
He lived in Africa for twenty years.
他在非洲住過20年。
would與used to的區(qū)別主要有以下幾點(diǎn):
a.used to可指過去的狀態(tài)或情況,would則不能。例如:
5.School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer.(不能用would)
過去,學(xué)校的孩子們都知道亞伯拉罕·林肯怎樣步行5英里退還多收顧客1便士的故事。
6.Yet,he cannot but remember China as it used to be.
然而,他不會(huì)不記得舊日的中國。(不能用would)
b.would表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果某一動(dòng)作沒有反復(fù)性,就不能用 would,只能用 used to。例如:
7.And from that day on, as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone. Mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.
從那天起,只要碗盤撤掉、飯桌一清理干凈,媽媽就馬上躲進(jìn)做針線活的房間練習(xí)起來。(具有反復(fù)性)
8. I used to live in Beijing.
我過去住在北京。(沒有反復(fù)性)
c.used to表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束,would則表示有可能再發(fā)生。例如:
9.People used to believe that the earth was flat.
過去,人們總以為地球是扁平的。(現(xiàn)在已不再這樣認(rèn)為)
10. He would go to the park as soon as he was free.
過去,他一有空就去公園。(現(xiàn)在有可能再去)
注意:used to的否定式和疑問句
11. 過去我不喜歡歌劇。
I usednt to like opera.
I didnt use to like opera.
12. 過去你喜歡歌劇嗎?
Used you to like opera?
Did you use to like opera?
13. Didnt you use to like opera?
你過去不喜歡歌劇嗎?
14. You used to like opera, didnt you?
你過去喜歡歌劇,是嗎?
15. There used to be a church here, usednt there?
過去這里有座教堂,是不是?