滕兆山
筆者對所教兩個班的110個學(xué)生的一篇“書面表達”題中出現(xiàn)的錯誤進行了分析?!皶姹磉_”的內(nèi)容是手機短信的好處和壞處。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生出錯的主要原因是受漢語習(xí)慣的影響。這些錯誤可歸為以下幾類。
1. 漏掉“be”動詞。例如:
他們贊成這個主意。
誤: They in favour of the idea.
正: They are in favour of the idea.
他們反對這個主意。
誤: They against the idea.
正: They are against the idea.
短信對他們有益。
誤: Short messges good for them.
正: Short messages are good for them.
2. 誤加助動詞。例如:
如果短信不能被控制的話,他們將會影響節(jié)目的質(zhì)量。
誤: If short messages will can't be controlled, they will affect the quality of the TV programs.
正: If short messages can't be controlled, they will affect the quality of the TV programs.
3. 動詞原形充當(dāng)主語。例如:
他們都認為發(fā)短信很貴。
誤: They all think that send short messages is expensive.
正: They all think that sending short messages is expensive.
4. 缺少主語。例如:
他們?nèi)绱顺聊缬诎l(fā)短信以致于在上面花費了很多的時間。
誤: They are so addicted to sending short messages that spend too much time on it.
正: They are so addicted to sending short messages that they spend too much time on it.
有很多人不同意這個觀點。
誤: There are many people don't agree to this idea.
正: There are many people who don't agree to this idea.
5. 謂語動詞形式變化的錯誤。例如:
它常常迎合了年青人的需要。
誤: It often cater to the need of the young people.
正: It often caters to the need of the young people.
6. “be”動詞和實義動詞疊加
他們同意這個觀點
誤: They are agree to the idea.
正: They agree to the idea.
出現(xiàn)第6類錯誤的原因在于同學(xué)們在初中英語起始階段接觸到大量含有“be”的句子,如: I am a student. You are good. He is a cowboy. They are in the garden. 受此影響,部分學(xué)生覺得似乎每個英語句子都得有一個“be”動詞。
7. 相同表達法疊加
他們將沉迷于此。
誤: They will lost themselves in it.
正: They will lose themselves in it. /They will be lost in it.
本句的錯誤在于學(xué)生把“沉迷”的兩種表達方式“l(fā)ose oneself in”和“be lost in”混在一起使用。
為避免上述錯誤的發(fā)生,我們必須記準常用句式和固定短語,同時也要熟悉基本的英語語法。
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年11期