王正勛

先看一道高考題：

No one helped me, I did it all ______________ myself.(全國卷Ⅱ2005)

A. for B. by

C. from D. to

答案： B

該題意在考查“介詞 + oneself”的用法。oneself可以和不同的介詞搭配，表示不同的意義。本文試列舉其主要搭配并舉例說明。

1） all by oneself, 意為“獨立地；單獨地”等。例如：

He will be (all) by himself tomorrow.他明天獨自在家。

He came here (all) by himself. 他獨自到這里來。

2） for oneself, 意為“親自的；為自己的”等。例如：

You have to decide for yourself. 你得親自決定。

She kept the largest apple for herself.她把最大的蘋果留給自己。

3） to oneself, 意為“單獨用；單獨所有”等。例如：

He wished to have a room to himself. 他希望能有一間屬于自己的房子。

Tom keeps himself to himself.湯姆不與人往來。

4） of oneself, 意為“自動地；自行的；自然的”等。例如：

The enemy will not perish of itself.敵人不會自行消滅的。

The door opened of itself.門自己開了。

5） in oneself, 意為“本身；本質(zhì)上”等。例如：

The substance is not poisonous in itself.

這種物質(zhì)本身并沒有毒。

This talk was all right in itself but it went on too long.這次講話本身是不錯的，但是講得太長了。

6） within oneself, 意為“在心中；暗自地；己力所能的”等。例如：

He is laughing at you within himself.他在暗自嘲笑你。

We can live within ourselves without their help.沒有他們的幫助，我們照樣能生活。

7） between ourselves(或between you and me), 意為“只是你我兩個私下談?wù)?，不要告訴別人”等。例如：

Let it be between ourselves.這件事不許向局外人說。

Between ourselves, he was disappointed in a love affair.咱們私下說他失戀了。

8） among oneself, 意為“在……中間”等。例如：

We must be at peace among ourselves.我們必須和睦相處。

They agreed among themselves in it.在這件事上他們意見一致。

9） beside oneself, 意為“發(fā)狂；喪失理智”等。例如：

When he learned of the good news, he was beside himself with joy.當(dāng)知道這個好消息時，他欣喜若狂。

He was almost beside himself with rage. （他憤怒得幾乎發(fā)瘋了） 他怒不可遏。

10） beyond oneself (= past oneself), 意為“忘形；神態(tài)錯亂”等，常與動詞go連用。例如：

He went beyond himself (past himself) with joy.你得意忘形了。

The old man went beyond himself (past himself) with anger.那老人氣得發(fā)昏。

11）above oneself, 意為“妄自尊大；過高地估價自己；興高采烈”等。例如：

He is a man who always gets above himself. 他是一個妄自尊大的人。

You should not be above yourself though you have made great achievements.雖然你取得了很大成績，但也不應(yīng)該得意忘形。

They got above themselves at the news.

聽到這個消息，他們興高采烈。

12） in spite of oneself, 意為“不由自主地”等。例如：

Jim came into the study in spite of himself when he heard a noise.吉姆聽到一聲響，不由自主地來到書房。

We laughed in spite of ourselves at the news. 聽到這個消息，我們不由自主地笑起來了。

總之，oneself可以和許多介詞搭配，有些可以從字面理解，但更多的有更深的含義，我們在學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)加以留心。