趙修江
make是初中英語課本中很常見的動詞。它有以下幾種用法:
一、 由make構(gòu)成的主動結(jié)構(gòu)
1. make用作及物動詞,意為“制造”、“做”。例如:
The boy likes making things. 這男孩愛做東西。
2. 含make的短語
(1) make a noise意為“制造噪音”。例如:
Dont make a big noise in public. 不要在公共場所喧嘩。
(2) make up ones mind to do sth意為“下決心去干某事”。例如:
Jim makes up his mind to catch up with other classmates in Egnlish. 吉姆下決心在英語方面趕上班上的其他同學(xué)。
(3) make ones way to意為“去(往)某處”。例如:
Kate is making her way to school. 凱特在去上學(xué)的路上。
(4) make ones bed意為“整理床鋪”。例如:
You should make your bed after you get up. 你起床后要整理好床鋪。
(5) make a mistake意為“犯錯誤”。例如:
You should check your homework to make sure not to make any mistakes. 你應(yīng)該檢查作業(yè),確保不出錯誤。
(6) make progress意為“取得進(jìn)步”。例如:
If you study hard, youll make progress in your English. 如果你學(xué)習(xí)努力,你的英語會進(jìn)步的。
(7) make sure意為“確保,務(wù)必”。例如:
Make sure that you can pass the exam. 要確保你考試及格。
(8) make it意為“及時趕到”。例如:
I hope youll make it at the airport. 我希望你能及時趕到機(jī)場。
(9) make room for sb意為“為……騰出個空”。例如:
When the old man got on the bus, a young man made room for him. 那個老人上車后,一位年青人給他讓座。
(10) make money意為“賺錢”。例如:
His father made a lot of money by selling fruits. 他爸爸賣水果掙了大錢。
(11) make a living意為“謀生”。例如:
His father made a living by selling newspapers. 他父親以賣報為生。
二、 由make構(gòu)成的被動結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) be made of意為“由……制成”,表示能從制成的成品中看得出是什么原材料做的。例如:
The desk is made of wood. 這張課桌是木頭做的。
(2) be made from意為“由……制成”。表示從制成的成品中看不出是什么原材料做的。例如:
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄釀造的。
(3) be made up of意為“由……組成”。例如:
The USA is made up of fifty states. 美國由50個州組成。
(4) be made in意為“……制造”。表示物品生產(chǎn)或制造于某地。例如:
The bike is made in Shanghai. 這自行車是在上海制造的。
三、 make用作使役動詞
(1) make可用作使役動詞, make sb do sth意為“讓某人做某事”, do sth是省去to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語;在被動語態(tài)中,用be made to do sth。 例如:
The boss made his workers work twelve hours a day. → The workers were made to work twelve hours a day. 老板逼迫工人每天工作12個小時。
(2) make后面可以用反身代詞作賓語,其后的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是過去分詞。例如:
He made himself heard across the room. 整個房間的人都聽見他說話。
(3) make后面的復(fù)合賓語可以是“名詞/代詞 + 形容詞或名詞短語”。例如:
Too much food made him ill. 他吃得太多,因而生了病。
The king married her and made her queen. 國王娶了她,并冊封她為王后。
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年10期