劉洪毓

賓語從句是中考?？嫉恼Z法項(xiàng)目之一。如何才能正確、快捷地解答出含賓語從句的試題呢？筆者認(rèn)為可從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮。

一、 考慮連詞的選擇。賓語從句由連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。若賓語從句僅僅是主句謂語動(dòng)詞表述的事實(shí)、事態(tài)或現(xiàn)象，則需要選用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。若主句謂語動(dòng)詞含有“疑惑”、“不知道”或“疑問”等諸多意義，則需要選用從屬連詞whether/if（是否）、連接代詞what， who， whose， which或連接副詞where， when， how， why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。請(qǐng)看試題：

1. （2007年重慶市） Theres a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know_______it is？

A. what B. who

C. whose D. whom

2. （2007年安徽?。?Mrs Brown couldnt find her purse. She didnt remember_______.

A. whose it was B. where it was

C. what it was D. when it was

［解題思路］ 試題1后一句中含一個(gè)賓語從句，問的是前一句中紅色轎車的歸屬。再看所給的選項(xiàng)中，只有連接代詞whose符合句意，所以正確答案為C。

試題2是說“布朗太太找不到錢包”，她記不起來的當(dāng)然是“錢包放在哪里”，所以remember后面應(yīng)選表示地點(diǎn)的連接副詞where符合賓語從句，故正確答案為B。

二、 考慮賓語從句的語序。不管賓語從句是否含疑問意義，都必須用陳述語序，即句子的主語和謂語不能倒裝。請(qǐng)看試題：

1. （2007年南京市） I dont know_______.

A. where does he come from B. what is his name

C. how old he is D. when will he leave

2. （2007年臺(tái)州市） —Could you tell me_______， dear？

—She called to borrow my VCDs.

A. why Mary called you B. why did Mary call you

C. when Mary called you D. when did Mary called you

［解題思路］ 在試題1中，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看似都可選，但一考慮語序，只有選項(xiàng)C是主語在前，謂語在后，所以正確答案是C。

試題2中，答話人說瑪麗打電話是想借VCDs。 由此可知，問話人是問瑪麗打電話的原因，即為什么打電話給“你”，所以空白處應(yīng)用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)賓語從句，這樣就可排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。再從語序判斷，可排除B項(xiàng)，故正確答案是A。

三、 考慮主句和賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)從句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間去定。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，用某種過去時(shí)態(tài)。若從句表達(dá)的是普遍真理，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞就必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。請(qǐng)看試題：

1. （2007年北京市） —Do you know_______now？

—In the Peoples Hall.

A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work

C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked

2. （2007年福州市） —Did Mr White tell you_______？

—Yes. He said he went there in 2003.

A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan

C. where he spent his holiday D. why did he visit Kunming

［解題思路］ 試題1的主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從答話人回答“在人民大會(huì)堂”可知，問話人問的是湯姆現(xiàn)在工作的地點(diǎn)，據(jù)此我們可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。再從A和C兩項(xiàng)的語序判斷，正確答案為C。

試題2中，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，所以賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必定是過去時(shí)態(tài)，由此可排除選項(xiàng)B。 再從語序考慮，可排除選項(xiàng)D。 由題干中的答語“懷特先生說他2003年去的西藏”我們可知，問話人問的是懷特先生去西藏的時(shí)間，而不是地點(diǎn)，所以正確答案為A。

試題精選：

1. （2006年江西?。?I followed him to see_______he was going， and I was very surprised when he went into the police station.

A. how B. where C. why D. whether

2. （2007年長(zhǎng)沙市） —What did he say just now？

—He asked me_______this morning.

A. how did Tom come to school

B. when Tom got to school

C. why was Tom late for school

3. （2006年福州市） —I dont know_______now.

—He is much better today.

A. how is he B. how he is

C. where is he D. where he is

4. （2007年河北?。?I didnt understand_______， so I raised my band to ask.

A. what my teacher says

B. what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said

D. what did my teacher say

5. （2006年濰坊市） Our head teacher saw the empty seat next to me and asked_______.

A. where has Jeff gone B. where did Jeff go

C. where Jeff has been D. where Jeff had gone

6. （2007年臨沂市） —Excuse me. Could you tell me_______later on？

—Wait a minute. It is coming in ten minutes.

A. if the next train arrives

B. if the next train will arrive

C. when the next train arrives

D. when will the next train arrive

Key： 1. B2. B3. B4. C5. D6. B