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新目標九年級Units3—4詞語辨析

2008-09-03 09:18郭克晴張紀文
中學英語之友·下(綜合版) 2008年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:比較級及物動詞代詞

郭克晴 張紀文

Unit 3

1.answer, reply

answer和reply都可表示“回答、答復”,但也有一定的差異。

answer常用作及物動詞,后接名詞、代詞或從句。

He answered nothing. 他什么也沒有回答。

I cant answer you now. 我現(xiàn)在不能答復你。

He answered that he knew nothing about it.

他回答說這事他一點也不知道。

reply常用作不及物動詞,表示“對……作出回答”時,后面要接to。它也可用作及物動詞,后接直接引語或從句。

I asked him but he didnt reply to me. 我問他,但他沒有答復我。

He replied that he had not received my letter.

他回答說他沒有收到我的信。

“I cant work here any longer,” replied John.

“我再也不能在這里工作了,”約翰回答說。

[練練吧]

根據(jù)句意,用answer 或reply 填空。

1. Who can ____ to the question?

2. She didnt know how to ____.

3. He ____ that he had finished his work.

4. I dont ____ him.

參考答案:

1.reply 2.answer/reply 3.answered/replied 4.answer

2.allow, let

allow和let都表示“讓、允許”,但它們的具體用法又各有區(qū)別。

allow多用于正式的英語中,其意“允許”只是“不加阻止”而已。allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許(讓)某人做某事”;allow doing sth. 意為“允許做某事”。

We dont allow smoking here. 我們不允許在此吸煙。

We dont allow students to smoke. 我們不允許學生吸煙。

let后可跟副詞作賓語補足語,也可跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。

Let me in. 讓我進去。

Let every man do his duty. 人盡其責。

注意:

let一般不用于被動式,其被動式一般要改用allow來代替。

Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸煙。

We wont be allowed to go. 不會讓我們?nèi)サ摹?/p>

[練練吧]

根據(jù)句意,用allow或let的適當形式填空。

1. I ____ her to go to the party yesterday.

2. They do not ____ playing football here.

3. No parking is ____ in this street.

4. His father doesnt ____ him smoke.

5. Who ____ you go into the building?

參考答案:

1.allowed 2.allow 3.allowed 4.let 5.let

3.learn, study

learn和study都有“學習”的意思,它們在許多情況下可以互換。

He is studying/learning English. 他正在學英語。

一般說來,learn側(cè)重于通過受教育掌握某種技巧,有“學會、學到”的意思,強調(diào)學習的成果。學習做具體的事情要用learn,而不用study。

We learned a lot in the factory. 我們在工廠學到了不少東西。

Lets learn to speak English. 讓我們學習講英語。

study不僅有“學習”的意思,還有“鉆研、研究”的意思,強調(diào)學習的過程。

They are studying history. 他們正在研究歷史。

He studied hard and at last learned the lesson.

他努力地學習,終于學好了這一課。

注意:

1.learn之后可接不定式,而study不行。

Where did you learn to skate? 你在哪兒學會滑冰的?

I learned to drive a car. 我學會了開車。

2.learn from sb.意為“向某人學習”,learn sth. from sb.意為“向某人學習……”。

Lets learn from Lei Feng. 讓我們向雷鋒學習。

David is learning Chinese medicine from Mr Wang.

大衛(wèi)正向王先生學習中醫(yī)。

[練練吧]

根據(jù)句意,用learn或study的適當形式填空。

1. The boy ____ to swim fast and well.

2. ____ hard, work hard, do better every day.

3. We are going to ____ a new lesson this term.

4. We should ____ from each other.

5. Does he ____ English?

參考答案:

1.learned 2.Study 3.learn/study 4.learn 5.study/learn

Unit 4

4.be worried, worry, worry about

這三者都和“擔心、著急、煩惱”有關(guān),但其用法有所不同。

be worried是系表結(jié)構(gòu)的短語,worried 是形容詞,意為“擔心、發(fā)愁”。若表示“為……擔心”,其后要接介詞about。

We are all worried about you. 我們都為你擔心。

The old woman looked worried. 這位老太太看上去很著急。

worry可用作及物動詞和不及物動詞。作及物動詞時意為“使煩惱、使擔憂”,其后的賓語通常是表示人的代詞或名詞。

I dont know whats worrying her. 我不知道什么事使她煩惱。

worry作不及物動詞時意為“發(fā)愁、擔心、煩惱”,常與about連用。

Why do your parents worry? 你父母為什么發(fā)愁?

Mr Brown always worries about his sons lessons.

布朗先生總是擔心兒子的功課。

worry還可用作可數(shù)名詞。

But they now have a new worry. 但是他們現(xiàn)在又有了新的煩惱。

She has a lot of worries. 她有許多煩惱的事。

注意:

三者在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。

He worried about her poor health.

=He was worried about her poor health.

=Her poor health worried him. 他擔心她的健康。

[練練吧]

根據(jù)句意,用worry, worried或worry about的適當形式填空。

1. Dont ____ your brother. He will be all right soon.

2. Dont ____!Hes OK.

3. She lost her purse. She looked ____.

4. He is ____ his mother.

參考答案:

1.worry about 2.worry 3.worried 4.worried about

5.whole, all

(1)whole強調(diào)“完整的”整體,位于定冠詞、物主代詞等之后。例如:the whole afternoon, the whole year, the whole world。

(2)all強調(diào)“整體”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時,指所有數(shù)量;修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,指整個范圍或全部數(shù)量,位于定冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、基數(shù)詞的前面。例如:all that afternoon, all the Chinese people, all day, all the world。

(3)all和地點名詞連用指人,whole指人、地區(qū)都可以。

(4)all不與不定冠詞連用,whole則可以,可以說a whole year;但不可以說all a year。

(5)whole不可以接專有名詞或代詞。

[練練吧]

根據(jù)句意,用whole或all的適當形式填空。

1. They cooked a hen ____ over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.

2. Lend me ____ the books you have.

參考答案:

1.whole 2.all

6.fairly, quite, rather, too, very

表示程度的詞有fairly, quite, rather, too, very等。

(1)fairly作副詞,意為“相當?shù)亍薄笆帧?。常修飾帶有褒義的、具有程度差別的形容詞或副詞,含有“適合”之意,所修飾的形容詞一般是人們喜歡的、希望的。不能與too或比較級連用。fairly表示的程度最輕。例如:

Her English is fairly good. 她的英語還算不錯。

(2)quite的程度比fairly稍強。例如:

She studies Chinese quite hard. 她學習漢語十分用功。

(3)rather意為“相當”,表示的程度要深,修飾形容詞時含有“過分”的意思,所修飾的形容詞一般是人們不希望的、不喜歡的,它可與比較級或too連用。例如:

She speaks English rather well. 她英語講得相當好。

(4)quite和rather都可放在不定冠詞前。例如:

This israther easy a book.rather an easy book.quite an easy book.

這是一本相當簡單的書。

(5)把幾個表示程度的副詞按程度的輕重排列如下:

fairly→quite→rather/pretty→too→very

[練練吧]

1. My daughter is ____ diligent, but my son is ____ lazy.

2. He is ____ better today.

3. I was ____ busy last week.

參考答案:

1.fairly, rather 2.rather 3.quite/rather

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