The year 2024 marks the 21st anniversary of China’s first manned space mission， with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then， 22 Chinese astronauts have reached for the stars. Experts revealed how tough the training is before astronauts can soar to space.

The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are confronted with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of isolation living in a small confined spacecraft for months can impair their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to go through a tough training program and meet extremely high standards.

2024年是中國(guó)首次載人航天飛行任務(wù)成功21周年。2003年，楊利偉成為中國(guó)第一位成功“飛天”的航天員。自那時(shí)起，中國(guó)已經(jīng)有22位航天員飛向太空。專(zhuān)家揭示了航天員在飛向太空之前的訓(xùn)練有多么艱苦。

人體不是天生適合在太空生活。航天員在太空任務(wù)中要面對(duì)多種多樣的挑戰(zhàn)。重力的變化會(huì)對(duì)身體產(chǎn)生影響。在狹小密閉的宇宙飛船里生活數(shù)月所產(chǎn)生的孤獨(dú)感，會(huì)有損心理健康。執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)出現(xiàn)的突發(fā)狀況，考驗(yàn)著航天員在巨大的壓力下是否有足夠的知識(shí)和能力來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。因此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，航天員得經(jīng)過(guò)艱苦的訓(xùn)練達(dá)到極高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

“To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely， eight types， including over 200 subjects of training， are set，” Huang Weifen， chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project， told CCTV. Apart from physical fitness training， it also encompasses basic scientific theories， psychological health， and mock missions.

Among the training subjects， the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang， astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng （one of the astronauts） once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise，” said Huang.

Each astronaut receives training for at least three and a half years before having the chance to go to space.

“為了保證中國(guó)航天員能夠完成他們的太空任務(wù)并且安全地返回地球，為他們?cè)O(shè)置了八大類(lèi)訓(xùn)練，包含200多個(gè)科目?！敝袊?guó)載人航天工程航天員系統(tǒng)總設(shè)計(jì)師黃偉芬在接受CCTV采訪時(shí)說(shuō)。除了體能訓(xùn)練，還涉及基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)理論培訓(xùn)、心理健康培訓(xùn)和模擬太空訓(xùn)練。

在所有的訓(xùn)練科目當(dāng)中，最辛苦的是水下訓(xùn)練。這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練的目的是讓航天員能夠適應(yīng)太空中的微重力環(huán)境。據(jù)黃偉芬介紹，航天員待在水下，穿著100多千克的工作服，一次要在水下待6個(gè)小時(shí)。水的阻力和衣服的重力讓每個(gè)動(dòng)作都變得極其費(fèi)力。“曾有報(bào)道披露，聶海勝（獲選執(zhí)行過(guò)太空飛行任務(wù)的航天員）曾在做了一次水下訓(xùn)練之后瘦了兩千克?！秉S偉芬說(shuō)。

每位航天員在有機(jī)會(huì)執(zhí)行太空飛行任務(wù)之前，要接受至少三年半的訓(xùn)練。

Word Bank

reveal /r?'vi?l/ v. 揭示；透露

soar /s??（r）/ v. 升空；升騰

be confronted with面臨 （問(wèn)題、任務(wù)、困難等）

isolation /'a?s?'le??n/ n. 孤獨(dú)

impair /?m'pe?（r）/ v. 損害

encompass /?n'k?mp?s/ v. 包含，包括

exhausting /?ɡ'z??st??/ adj. 令人筋疲力盡的