Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

單詞拼寫 根據(jù)首字母或漢語提示，用本部分所學(xué)單詞的正確形式填空。

1. She b down， picked up the rock， and threw it into the river.

2. The w schedule may make you more aware of how you spend your time.

3. The first time I went there， I was struck by the delightful p of the lake.

4. When I was a kid， I lived with my grandma and she sang r to me every night.

5.If you have any problem， please call our i ， and they will come to you immediately.

6. The man （堅(jiān)稱） that he was just defending himself when attacked.

7. Large paintings can （增強(qiáng)） the feeling of space in small rooms.

8.He spent three years playing the guitar in the （教堂） band and he took inspiration from that.

9. I went near the （無辜的） dog and held it in my arms.

10. Dad grew a beard so as not to have the bother of （刮胡子） every morning.

選擇填空 用方框中所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。

talk away come round transform... into... break out come out

1.After a long time， the rain finally stopped and the sun .

2.I came across an old friend in the cafe yesterday， and we for two hours.

3.It is a surprise that the faraway village a tourist city in the past few years.

4.Does everyone know what to do if a fire ？

5.On entering the garden we all noted that spring . How amazing that was！

課文語法填空

First Snow

It is the first time that I 1 （see） snow this year. It is not only an event but a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find 2 （you） in another completely different. The secrecy and 3 （quiet） will make it more magical. When I got up this morning， I found the world dead white and pale blues. The light 4 （come） through the windows was very strange， 5 made the familiar business of splashing， shaving， brushing and dressing strange too. When the sun came out， the snow became pink. The plum tree stood in full sunlight. An hour

6 two later， everything was a cold sparkle of white and blue. I looked out 7 my study window， and the ground went on and on， the sky was thick grey， and all the trees were black and in threatening shapes. Now the snow is falling 8 （heavy）， in great soft flakes， so that you can hardly see across the shallow valley. The 9 （roof） are thick and the trees are all bending. From my study， I can see the children 10 （flatten） their noses against the window.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

閱讀理解

Not only was Gene Stratton-Porter one of Indiana’s most well-known authors， but she was also an environmentalist， photographer and artist. Gene shared her passion for the environment and wildlife in her writing and used her influence to fight for the preservation of nature and alert others to the importance of their natural surroundings.

Born in 1863 in Indiana， she grew up with a love of nature and spent most of her innocent childhood wandering through farms and forests， catching butterflies and observing birds like doves and small animals like geese. In 1886， Gene married Charles Porter. Although she expressed happiness with her family life， Gene lived a more indepe/dFbDlEhwSSJYyCQVIZ6cIIqgoA9X2j5pUfOzh5jsZo=ndent life traditionally unavailable to women in the late nineteenth century. Gene insisted on writing and photographing wildlife around her cabin （小木屋） near Limberlost Swamp. There she conveyed her passionate feelings towards nature and its preservation. She spent much time in Limberlost， and later the cabin became the site where she conducted field studies on Indiana’s natural environment.

Early in her life， Gene studied nature in the Limberlost Swamp and recorded her thorough observations through photographs and detailed writings. Gene published dozens of books—novels， nature studies， poetry collections and children’s books. Her books mainly connect readers to natural settings and earn her a high reputation. One of her best-known novels， A Girl of the Limberlost， is about a lonely girl who lives on a farm and escapes from her sufferings in Limberlost.

Gene’s legacy （遺留物） is visible not only within her books， photographs and films but also within the Limberlost Swamp， which eventually faded away to the farmland. Fortunately， through her hard work and dedication， the land is slowly being restored to its natural state， with over 400 acres preserved for nature study today.

1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Gene？

A. She had a deep love for nature. B. She was a famous writer.

C. She liked taking photos. D. She had a happy childhood.

2. What word can best describe Gene as a writer？

A. Considerate. B. Mysterious. C. Productive. D. Generous.

3. What is Gene famous for？

A. Publishing books of different types. B. Teaching herself to learn photography.

C. Taking pictures of her surroundings. D. Getting her readers more access to nature.

4. What is Limberlost Swamp like now？

A. It centers on preserving the wildlife. B. It is turning into its original condition.

C. It offers cabins for scientific research. D. It has transferred to farmland forever.

閱讀七選五

Nature is full of inspiration， and as such， it can easily serve as a reflection for writers. In nature， we might find metaphors for our own human experiences that SeTgVTOQ/W3shYFQDl1pS631YcBfgBrf9EEhpqL9Msw=we never considered before. For example， in literature， rivers are often regarded as symbols of life and the passage of time.

1 Of course， its meeting with the ocean represents the end of life.

Over the last century， nature writing has also become a means of support for the environment by calling attention to environmental issues and trying to inspire a greater interest in nature.

2 You can use these tips to practice nature writing.

3 The first thing you need to do is to make sure that you always have a notebook and pen at hand to writFWXj1q2CqbbE+jMnX00YF3ISeNguta1ADUipt/xtZfE=e down your ideas and observations， no matter where you are. Don’t assume that you can just write everything down when you get home.

Observe. When you’re spending time in nature， don’t worry about brainstorming the most poetic way to describe the falling leaves; you can always improve your writing later. 4 Let your thoughts flow freely onto the paper.

Make connections. Yes， nature writing means a lot of writing about nature， but that doesn’t mean your topics of discussion are limited to the sound of the wind and birds singing. If you find that certain memories or thoughts come up while you’re spending time in nature， write those down too. 5

A. Always be respectful of nature.

B. Always keep a notebook at hand.

C. This can help you practice building connections.

D. The source of rivers represents the beginnings of life.

E. For now， just focus on recording your own feelings and observations.

F. Nature writing has grown in popularity as a literary form in recent years.

G. Many of our favorite stories describe impressive adventures in the great outdoors.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

單句語法填空 在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1.I saw a few newspapers and magazines （pile） on that table yesterday.

2.Micheal ran towards the injured bird and held it （gentle） in his hands.

3.Perhaps the charm the physical book will be lost one day， but I doubt it.

4.Farmers in some areas still prefer （reap） their crops by hand.

5.The flowers still （bloom） as brightly in early September as they had in July.

6.Rain （sweep） in through the broken windows， making the floor wet.

7.Max， instance， is a man of few words but we have no doubts about his abilities.

8.No matter how soft the light is， it still （fade） carpets and curtains in every room.

單元語法填空 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文語境，結(jié)合本單元所學(xué)語法知識完成短文。

Known as an inspector， Mike insisted that he should do the best he can 1 （make） the production procedure of the factory examined every week. After 2 （get） up every morning， he washed， shaved and then he went out 3 （work）. In the distance， he heard the rhyme 4 （sing） from the church. He sighed and continued his way to his company. There he saw some cleaners 5 （sweep） the ground thoroughly and other employees were busy unloading some piles of wheat from the wagon， which made him 6 （puzzle）. He really wanted to know what was going on. 7 （find） out the truth， he went to the workers nearby 8 （ask） what they were doing. Noticing the workers were trembling 9 （express） himself， Mike was surprised 10 （learn） what they were doing was against the rules of the company.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

完形填空

I am deep in thought. The year draws to a（n） 1 . What will I accomplish （完成） in the next？

I look up at the 2 in the distance. They are white now. Not long ago， they were brown. In the time I live in Idaho， I have the opportunity to watch the 3 of seasons make their changes on those mountains I will never be 4 of seeing.

My first 5 of them came in September. The sides of the mountains were painted green with leaves. Near the top were pines. The days moved on. The weather 6 . The leaves browned. The mountains changed.

Fall 7 to winter. I stood and watched the top of the mountains turn a blinding white. I’m not a skier， but I imagined the fun of 8 down the side of the mountain—free， fast， and 9 .

Winter turned to 10 . The snow in the valley 11 . The weeks passed， the green in the valley flowed 12 up the slopes like a reversed waterfall. The mountains were as I first saw them， green and leafy.

On this New Year’s Eve， the mountains are white again. I have seen so many changes， but are they changes？ The mountains are never changing. Like people， they only change 13 to fit the weather. They don’t allow outside influences to 14 what lie beneath their coats of changing colors. They are always the same.

I’m in my third season of life. A little snow has 15 at my peak. My clothing has changed to 16 my season. Next year and all my years to follow， I want to be as constant as a mountain. Although my looks change， I want to be 17 . My body will change coats many times， but when my day is done， I want people to say， “No matter what the seasons of life 18 ， he never changed inside. He never 19 the pressures of the seasons or the weathers of life to change what he was underneath. He was 20 a mountain you could rely on.”

1. A. close B. conclusion C. practice D. agreement

2. A. ruins B. clouds C. trees D. mountains

3. A. variety&nGQ69e+Eg83FKpNphCERxCA==bsp; B. order C. way D. cycle

4. A. tired B. informed C. accused D. convinced

5. A. sight B. intention C. impression D. desire

6. A. warmed B. cooled C. improved D. continued

7. A. gave on B. gave way C. gave rise D. gave in

8. A. throwing B. sliding C. climbing D. jumping

9. A. shocked B. motivated C. panicked D. excited

10. A. spring B. summer C. fall D. winter

11. A. multiplied B. disappeared C. remained D. expanded

12. A. steadily B. immediately C. suddenly D. regularly

13. A. rules B. colors C. habits D. attitudes

14. A. uncover B. change C. expose D. remove

15. A. melted B. slimmed C. gathered D. frozen

16. A. instruct B. confirm C. fit D. fight

17. A. inspiring B. reliable C. challenging D. brave

18. A. made B. took C. presented D. suffered

19. A. requested B. expected C. refused D. allowed

20. A. naturally B. consequently C. definitely D. instantly

語法填空

Active people tend to put more value on things they have come to appreciate， like nature. From pioneers 1 （head） west in the past to people exploring our beautiful national parks today， it seems that no matter how tech-obsessed our society is， we still have a natural need to connect with the natural world. Enter the nature novel： bf58f96a6734a24cc74c55b987df9ac98066c027d5ef9b35d631835ae9b25d498ooks that 2 （primary） focus on people doing just that. The form of literature includes a wide variety of writing focusing on different themes. Bill Bryson’s A Walk in the Woods is a 3 （humour） first-hand account of misadventures on the Appalachian Trail. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring documents the awful effects of chemicals used to kill harmful animals or plants 4 the environment and 5 （stress） the need for conservation efforts， and Henry David Thoreau’s Walden is a 6 （reflect） on the experience of living a simpler lifestyle in a natural setting. Clearly， nature writing contains an endless variety of stories. It’s what these stories have in common 7 influences readers.

Nature novels allow us 8 （look） back on simpler times. Although many recent inventions 9 （make） life easier than before， many feel that our lives have been taken over by technology and social media. They long to disconnect for a while. If you’re short of a camping trip， a nature novel may be 10 best way to do that.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯(cuò)

We are encouraged to be nice to other people. Besides， many people forget to be nice to the environment. As is wide acknowledged， the importance of environmental protection can’t be ignored for the fact that we should make up the earth a good place to live on.

There are many ways to help reducing global warming. Walking is my preferred exercise， what I think is a good choice. If I had to go somewhere far away， I’ll take the public transportations. Additionally， we try to encourage my friends and family to do the same. It’s only when everyone does anything to help that we can hope to make difference together.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練

單詞填空 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.You should give a explanation of your book to help readers understand your message quickly and . （precise）

2.Jenny had a look on her face. Out of concern for her， I asked what made her so

. （puzzle）

3.Dale always behaves with . Even in the presence of his parents， he also behaves

. （elegant）

4.Martin would be a good physician， I thought. He is calm and ， doing everything very in his daily life. （thorough）

5.Al_{kMF9gYFBDJUm23ptlQh4gg==}an does have a for artificial intelligence. So he is about the project. He always does what he enjoys and does it and best. （passion）

6.Some people no longer have when they grow up. However， some people have an heart at all times. （innocent）

單句表達(dá) 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)提示翻譯句子。

1. 環(huán)境專家呼吁大家重復(fù)利用并回收塑料袋。（urge... to...）

2. 不管你說什么，我都會(huì)堅(jiān)持我之前做出的決定。（stand by）

3. 醫(yī)生總是告訴我們，過量飲酒對我們的健康有害。（cause harm to）

4. 他講得很清楚，所以大家都聽懂了。（so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句）

5. 如果不出意外，我明天去看你。（unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）

提示寫作

選用所給詞匯或句型造句，并組成一段連貫的短文（80詞左右）。

ban insist in the face of urge... to... be aware of

no matter whether... not only... but （also）... ... so that...

閱讀理解

A

I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree.

It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October， falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls （頭骨） of you， your children， your neighbors and those living near. Patio （露臺(tái)） umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August， and because of the volume of fruit this season， I wear my b_{kMF9gYFBDJUm23ptlQh4gg==}ike helmet while working in the garden.

The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them， but they failed.

What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators （傳粉者） like birds， bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow， so they experience less stress.

Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard？ Yes， however， getting rid of this tree is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.

I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year singing their songs before dawn. Every spring， I wonder what the season holds： What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing？ Like any good relationship， I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree， so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return， my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that acceptance， instead of resistance， is the better way to be.

1. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden？

A. To protect her injured skull. B. To protect herself against sunburn.

C. To avoid being hurt by bees. D. To avoid being hit by the walnut fruits.

2. What does the walnut tree do to get a better growing environment？

A. Release harmful gas through the leaves. B. Produce a chemical that may kill other plants.

C. Attract beneficial pollinators. D. Compete for nutrition with other plants.

3. What is the real reason that stopped the author removing the tree？

A. Its long history. B. Its various benefits.

C. Its huge and heavy trunk. D. Its popularity in the community.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. Loving Trees. B. Fighting for Nature.

C. Protecting Plants. D. Understanding Nature.

B

Plastic waste is rolling over land and sea， which has inspired numerous potential solutions. Some involve inventing our way out of the mess by creating new kinds of natural materials that will harmlessly degrade （降解） if they’re thrown away. Others say it might be quicker to change people’s throwaway behavior instead.

Among the first group is Stephen Mayfield. He’s a chemist who figured out how to turn various kinds of algae into raw plastic. Then he turns it into stuff people want.

Mayfield is a lifelong surfer whose lab in San Diego is in walking distance from the beach. His surfboards got him some attention， but that’s not what he really wants to make.

It was a surfing trip to the Maldives islands in the Indian Ocean that persuaded him to focus on something else. One day， he asked his local hosts to take him to their most remote island. “And when I got to the windward side of the island， it was covered with dead flip-flops （人字拖），” Mayfield recalls.

So Mayfield now makes flip-flops from algae grown in tanks. What makes them special is that they can degrade if they’re left out in the environment.

Mayfield says there’s some traditional petroleum-based polymer （聚合物） there， too. But all of the shoes will biodegrade into harmless materials. It just needs the right bacteria and moisture to break it down. Within about two years shoes will completely be gone.

Potentially the shoes being trash for two years isn’t perfect， but Mayfield says it’s better than decades or even longer. The real problem， he says， is that new technology is a tough sell. Manufacturers are reluctant to take a risk on a new， unfamiliar product. “I cannot convince them，” he says. “The only thing that can convince them is the market.”

5. Why does Mayfield turn algae into raw plastic？

A. To test the use of algae. B. To change people’s behavior.

C. To help protect the environment. D. To make use of the sea resources.

6. What made Mayfield decide to make flip-flops with algae？

A. His interest in surfing. B. His will to make surfboards.

C. Working in a lab in San Diego. D. Seeing dead flip-flops on the island.

7. What is the advantage of the flip-flops Mayfield makes？

A. They are easy to make. B. They can be recycled.

C. They are made from waste materials. D. They can degrade in less than two years.

8. What is the text mainly about？

A. A man trying to save the ocean. B. A kind of eco-friendly shoes.

C. A way to help protect the environment. D. A debate on how to deal with plastics.

完形填空

In 1994， the Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais， Brazil. He was 1 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends， bringing them 2 memories.

To his horror， he saw a totally different 3 . Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a seriously ill patient—everything was 4 due to deforestation （濫伐森林），” Salgado said 5 during a meeting on climate change in Paris.

Salgado 6 that he should do something about it. Then he 7 a bold idea of replanting trees on the land， which， beyond his expectations， received 8 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 9 and the results were remarkable. 10 ， the land was changing： It was carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects， birds and animals living in the land before 11 . The land had been brought back to life. The 12 family’s hard work also impressed people around them. They 13 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.

“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 14 and I think every little bit of work 15 ，” said Salgado. Therefore， everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.

1. A. sorry B. ready C. eager D. willing

2. A. wonderful B. romantic C. painful D. complex

3. A. direction B. atmosphere C. event D. sight

4. A. disturbed B. destroyed C. banned D. replaced

5. A. calmly B. reluctantly C. sadly D. lightly

6. A. admitted B. realized C. agreed D. proved

7. A. thought up B. laughed at C. turned down D. tried out

8. A. doubts B. permission C. suggestions D. support

9. A. backed off B. broke up C. took action D. got through

10. A. Suddenly B. Eventually C. Gradually D. Generally

11. A. escaped B. returned C. approached D. died

12. A. warmhearted B. brave C. devoted D. considerate

13. A. hated B. stopped C. minded D. finished

14. A. comment B. promise C. offer D. effort

15. A. increases B. matches C. improves D. matters

Writing

話題表達(dá)指導(dǎo)

話題介紹

話題：自然景象。要求我們通過對本單元核心知識的學(xué)習(xí)，能夠?qū)⑽覀兛吹降纳酱ê恿鳌⒒B蟲魚、四季景象等大自然的美好景象生動(dòng)地描寫出來，并寄情于景，表達(dá)自己的感受。

建議體裁：記敘文。

注意事項(xiàng)：寫作時(shí)要注意描寫的空間順序、時(shí)間順序和邏輯順序。此外，要學(xué)會(huì)適當(dāng)運(yùn)用修辭手法（明喻、暗語和擬人）來突出自然景象的特點(diǎn)，使描寫更加生動(dòng)。另見下表：

題例導(dǎo)學(xué)

題目

請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示，寫一篇有關(guān)“雪景”的英語短文。

要點(diǎn)提示：

1. 下雪時(shí)的景象；

2. 雪景中的人_{uKKHGBKvJFarBbLjWGUtDQ==}物活動(dòng)；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：雪花 snowflake，打雪仗 have snowball fights

思路引導(dǎo)1·要點(diǎn)分析

1. 下雪時(shí)的景象：天空的顏色、大地/樹木/房屋的顏色和樣子、雪花飄落的狀態(tài)、雪的大小等；

2. 人物活動(dòng)：打雪仗、堆雪人、追逐嬉戲、拍照留念、欣賞雪景等；

3. 感受：雪景的美麗與奇妙，給人們帶來的特別的經(jīng)歷與歡樂等。

思路引導(dǎo)2·本單元語言知識運(yùn)用

根據(jù)漢語意思及提示翻譯句子。

1. 過了一會(huì)兒，雪花開始悄悄地飄落。（不定式作賓語）

2. 房子和樹木都被白色的“被子”覆蓋著。（be covered with）

3. 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)望去，我看到了一個(gè)美麗的銀色世界。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語）

4. 一群孩子正開心地玩耍，打雪仗、堆雪人。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作補(bǔ)足語）

5.我喜歡雪，因?yàn)樗利悾沧屛覀兊氖澜绯錆M歡笑。（as well as， make + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語）

思路引導(dǎo)3·連句成篇

范例展示

At dusk， the weather became colder while the sky was gray. A moment later， the snowflakes began to fall quietly. Soon the land before my eyes was all white， like a beautiful blanket. Then it snowed more and more heavily. The houses and trees were all covered with white “quilts”.

The next morning， it stopped snowing and cleared up. I went into the yard. Looking far away， I saw a beautiful silver world. A group of children were playing happily， having snowball fights and building snowmen. Cold as it was， nobody felt cold in the white world.

I love snow for its beauty as well as its making our world full of laughter.

話題表達(dá)

請根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，以 “A Spring Morning”為題， 寫一篇短文。

要點(diǎn)提示：

1. 春天早晨的自然景象；

2. 人物活動(dòng)；

3. 你的感受。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短語與句型回顧

短語

1. the risk of 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)

2. 談個(gè)不停，喋喋不休

3. 再度發(fā)生，再次出現(xiàn)

4. （太陽、月亮等）出現(xiàn)

5. ... into... 把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……

6. 持續(xù)地

7. break 突然開始，爆發(fā)

8. 大量，大批

9. for 渴望，向往

10. difficulties 遭遇困難

11. instance 例如

12. speak 提及，談及

13. sb to sth 使某人意識到某事

14. 尤其，特別

15. harm to 對……造成傷害

16. sb to do sth 敦促/呼吁某人做某事

1mv6KxGAVvihmAlmQcf/B6g==7. the ……的攻擊對象

18. 堅(jiān)持

19. one’s claim 捍衛(wèi)某人的主張

20. one’s awareness of 提高某人對……的意識

句型

1. so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

… and last year I was out of the coun_{PlexpqJbkuWhUiJPj/gwmA==}try， sweating in a hot climate… （因此著實(shí)過了些時(shí)日了） since I saw the ground so fantastically carpeted.

2. make + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語

The very secrecy and quietness of the thing （使它更有魅力）.

3. with + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語

The little plum tree outside， with the faintly flushed snow （鑲嵌在它的枝丫上）…， stood in full sunlight.

4. “no matter + 特殊疑問詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

There are various ways to describe the things...， （不論它是不是一朵花）， a weed， an animal or the rain.

5. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句

For （除非我們真的聽從） Rachel Carson’s warning， one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror...

請根據(jù)提示，運(yùn)用本單元核心知識，以“自然與文學(xué)”為話題，同大家分享你讀過的有關(guān)自然的文學(xué)作品（一本書或是一首詩歌）。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. The theme of the book/poem is...

2. The most impressive part of the book/poem is...

3. By reading the book/poem， I have realized/learned that...