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語法填空原創(chuàng)題專練:中國與中國文化相關(guān)話題

2024-07-01 12:28段華麗
廣東教育·高中 2024年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:故用天水謂語

段華麗

(一)

The Yellow River is the cradle (搖籃) of Chinas? 1?? (civilize). And flood control and prevention have always been key?? 2?? the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin,?? 3??? uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence,?? 4?? the internet of things.

Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.

? 5? (base) on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen and its like the Yellow River has a twin reflecting its real conditions. In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike (堤壩)on the spot by themselves,? 6? (put) their lives at risk.

One big breakthrough in the rivers digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”, which?? 7? (bury) in important dike locations? 8?(record) and report the movement of dike stones. Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends?? 9?? alarm to the command center for quick response.

And in the sky, drones (無人機) are flying as expert patrollers (巡邏員) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. Under the water and up in the sky,?? 10? (intelligence) systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts.

(二)

The Chinese city of Harbin saw? 1?? record number of visitors over the New Year holiday weekend during its annual Ice and Snow Festival, where more than 30000 people per day from around the world flock to check out a? 2? (freeze)wonderland.

This ice city features intricate sculptures and structures, all?? 3? (glow)from within and all course made? 4? (entire)of ice. This years festival? 5? (cover)810,000 square meters, nearly nine million square feet,?? 6?? features 250,000 cubic meters of ice. Officials say an average of about 30,000 people entered the park every day,?? 7?? is nearly double pre-pandemic numbers.

Booking was pretty difficult as rooms fell short? 8?? demand. Every hotel and tickets for Ice and Snow World sold out. A rather fitting spectacle was that temperatures over the New Year holiday? 9? (drop) to nearly minus 25 degrees Celsius or minus 13 degrees Fahrenheit. But, the cold hardly stopped those itching for fun after the last three years of holiday cheer were stifled by varying degrees of pandemic?? 10?(restrict).

The aptly nicknamed Ice City shares its ice, art, and animals with the visitors looking for something cool to do.

(三)

Searches for travel to the northwestern city of Tianshui?? 1? (double) in the last week, while bookings for hotels and tourist attractions have increased nearly 40%? 2??(compare) to the previous year.

Known primarily?? 3?? its rich cultural heritage as a city along the ancient Silk Road, the city of Tianshui, in Chinas northwestern Gansu province, is now among the countrys food destinations for its unique and fiery spicy hot pot.?? 4?? (drive) by social media buzz and local marketing campaigns, tourists have flocked to Tianshui, Gansus second-largest city, in recent weeks, with searches for travel to the city5? (report) up by 186% in just the last week. Bookings in Tianshui for hotels and attractions??? 6? (be)up 40% year-over year during the past month, Chinese travel giant Trip.com reported on March 12, propelling the city from relative obscurity to national? 7? (recognize).

Tianshuis spicy hot pot involves diners?? 8?? (select) their own ingredients , ranging from vegetables and meats to noodles,??? 9?? then enhancing the mix with? 10? spoonful of locally sourced peppercorns and red pepper oils. The red pepper, a key ingredient, is cultivated in Gangu County in Gansu predominantly, and is famed for its intense color and rich oil content.

(四)

In China, the red-crowned crane is regarded as a very special animal. For the Chinese it is often associated? 1?? luck, fidelity, and long life among Chinas extensive large bird population. It is known for its? 2? ( elegant) which has white feathers, a red crown on its head, and a beautiful and elegant posture. Red-crowned cranes are monogamous. They have strict needs when it comes to their living environment and they will only breed where the natural habitat is friendly.? 3?? ( compare) with their breeding grounds thousands of miles away to the north,the water, full of food, never completely freezes over in winter? 4?? they can hide and seek for food. But this longevity bird, so? 5? (cherish) by the Chinese people, is endangered because its?? 6? (nature) habitat is fast disappearing with only about 2,000 left in the world, 1,000 of7?? migrate to Yancheng. This is the largest group of red-crowned cranes in the world that continues?? 8? (migrate).

Thanks to local efforts in wetland protection and scientific measures to better look after this national treasure,? 9?? number of red-crowned cranes is now rising. The Yancheng wetlands has become a paradise for red-crowned cranes,?? 10? (ensure) the longevity birds enjoy a long life for this planet.

(五)

Populus Euphratica(胡楊林) is the only tree species to be found in the desert of North China. As the oldest tree in this Populus Euphratica forest, it?? 1? (guard)the region for over 800 years, boasting the longest continuous presence among its kind, for which the locals call it the “Sacred Tree.”

Dating back to approximately 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs vanished from the Earth, the Populus Euphratica emerged as a new species along the ancient Mediterranean Sea and thrived in the seasonally flooded river beds of the Gobi Desert,? 2?? its deep roots seek out water to sustain its growth. Despite its affinity for moisture, the Populus Euphratica exhibits remarkable resilience to?? 3?? (dry), thriving even when groundwater is buried beneath?? 4??? minimum of four meters.?? 5??if the groundwater level sinks below nine meters, the trees survival is at risk.

Serving?? 6? a formidable windbreak, it effectively prevents sand erosion and demonstrates remarkable salt resistance. Each adult tree is capable of discharging tens of kilograms of salt and alkali?? 7? (annual). The wind?? 8?? (block) by this natural barrier, the sand is immobilized, enhancing the soil quality and safeguarding the ecological well-being of Ejina.

To the south of the Populus Euphratica forest in Ejina, lies Badain Jaran, the third? 9? (large) desert in China. Without this 260 square kilometer Populus Euphratica forest, the Badain Jaran Desert, already 49,200 square kilometers in size, would spread northward,?? 10?(squeeze) the living space of humans.

答案解析

(一)這是一篇說明文,文章對數(shù)字孿生黃河的智慧黃河體系進行了介紹。

1.civilization考查名詞。句意:黃河是中國文明的搖籃。根據(jù)空格前“Chinas”的所有格特征可知,此處應(yīng)填寫名詞形式“文明”,“civilize”變形為“civilization”。

2.to 考查介詞。句意:洪水控制與預(yù)防一直以來對黃河沿岸的人們的福祉具有重要意義。“be key to”, 固定搭配,意為“對..有具有關(guān)鍵作用/重要意義”。

3.which 考查定語從句。句意:現(xiàn)在,科學(xué)家們可以通過給河流一個數(shù)字雙胞胎來更好地解決這些問題,它使用各種技術(shù),包括大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。非限定性定語從句,修飾先行詞“a digital twin”,指物, 在從句中作主語,故填 “which”。

4.and 考查連詞。句意:現(xiàn)在,科學(xué)家們可以通過給河流一個數(shù)字雙胞胎來更好地解決這些問題,它使用各種技術(shù),包括大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)?!癰ig data” “artificial intelligence”和“the internet of things”構(gòu)成并列,故用連詞 “and”。

5.Based 考查非謂語。句意:基于根據(jù)這些信息,黃河的三維模型在電腦屏幕上呈現(xiàn),就像黃河有了一個雙胞胎,反映了它的真實情況。Base與主句主語“a 3D model of the river”構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,“3D模型以這些信息為基礎(chǔ)”,故用過去分詞形式 “based”作句子狀語。

6.putting 考查非謂語。句意:在過去,研究人員必須自己在現(xiàn)場了解堤防的情況,使自己冒著生命危險。主句完整,根據(jù)句意及句子成分可知,put作句子狀語,動作的邏輯主語是“researchers”與put之間是主動關(guān)系,故用-ing形式putting。

7.are buried 考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:河流數(shù)字化治理的一個重大突破是“智能石頭”,它被埋在重要的堤壩位置用來記錄并報告堤壩石頭的運動。根據(jù)句意及結(jié)構(gòu),“bury”在”which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)謂語,which指代先行詞smart stones, 與bury埋藏構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故需使用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)前后文所用時態(tài)及句子本身是描述石頭埋藏的客觀情況,因為此句使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語smart stones為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故答案為are buried。

8.to record 考查非謂語。句意:河流數(shù)字化治理的一個重大突破是“智能石頭”,它被埋在重要的堤壩位置用來記錄并報告堤壩石頭的運動。根據(jù)句意可知,埋藏石頭是為了記錄和報告堤壩石頭的運動,record在句中充當(dāng)目的狀語,為了表明目的,故用to record。

9.an 考查不定冠詞。句意:智能石感應(yīng)到堤防石塊移動后,向指揮中心發(fā)送報警,以便快速響應(yīng)。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“向……發(fā)送警報”,alarm是元音音素開頭的單詞,前面用不定冠詞an。

10.intelligent 考查形容詞。句意:在水下,在天空,智能系統(tǒng)正在幫助保護黃河流域的各個方面。填空處在句子當(dāng)中充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞systems,故應(yīng)使用形容詞,intelligence變形為intelligent。

(二)這是一篇說明文,對爆火的“冰城”哈爾濱相關(guān)情況進行了介紹。

1. a 考查冠詞。句意:在一年一度的冰雪節(jié)期間,中國城市哈爾濱在新年假期周末迎來了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的游客人數(shù),每天有超過3萬來自世界各地的游客涌向這個冰天雪地的仙境。固定搭配, a number of,許多的;a record number of, 創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的,空前多的。

2. frozen 考查非謂語,句意:每天有超過3萬來自世界各地的游客涌向這個冰天雪地的仙境。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,填空處作定語修飾wonderland,需要填一個形容詞性的單詞,wonderland與freeze這個動作之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,意為冰封的,封凍的仙境,故用過去分詞frozen形式作定語。

3. glowing 考查非謂語。句意:這座冰城以錯綜復(fù)雜的雕塑和建筑為特色,所有的雕塑和建筑都是由內(nèi)部發(fā)光的,而且全部都是由冰制成的。填空處前面句子完整,“all?? 3?? (glow)from within and all course made? 4? (entire)of ice”,構(gòu)成獨立主格,all所有雕塑與glow發(fā)光之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故用glowing。

4. entirely 考查副詞。句意:這座冰城以錯綜復(fù)雜的雕塑和建筑為特色,所有的雕塑和建筑都是由內(nèi)部發(fā)光的,而且全部都是由冰制成的。根據(jù)句意可以判斷,填空處修飾made這個動詞,需用副詞修飾動詞,故用entirely。

5. covers 考查謂語。句意:今年的冰雪節(jié)占地81萬平方米,近900萬平方英尺,其中25萬立方米的冰。cover在句子中充當(dāng)謂語,描述今年冰雪節(jié)的基本情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時,句子主語是festival,所以謂語用單三形式,covers。

6. and 考查連詞。features,動詞單三形式,與前一句covers構(gòu)成并列的謂語,故用連詞and。

7. which 考查非限定性定語從句。官員們表示,平均每天約有3萬人進入公園,幾乎是疫情前的兩倍。從句缺少主語,根據(jù)句意主語是指代前一句中的“3萬人”這個數(shù)量,故用which來指代。

8. of 考查介詞。句意:由于房間供不應(yīng)求,預(yù)訂非常困難,每家酒店和冰雪大世界的門票都售罄了。習(xí)慣搭配,fall short of表示缺乏,缺少。

9. dropped 考查謂語動詞。句意:一個相當(dāng)合適的場景是新年假期期間的氣溫下降到了近零下25攝氏度或零下13華氏度。填空處在表語從句中充當(dāng)句子謂語,句子描述的是在新年假期期間的時間,故用過去時,dropped。

10. restrictions 考查名詞。句意:但是,在過去三年的節(jié)日歡樂被不同程度的流行病限制所扼殺之后,寒冷幾乎沒有阻止那些渴望娛樂的人。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處跟在pandemic后面,表示流行病限制,需用名詞形式,且前面有varying degrees of來修飾,需用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故用restrictions。

(三)這是一篇說明文,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)走紅的西北城市天水及天水麻辣燙進行了介紹。

1. have doubled 考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。句意:上周,中國西北部城市天水的旅游搜索量翻了一番。double在句子當(dāng)中充當(dāng)謂語,句子中的時間狀語是in the last two weeks,故使用現(xiàn)在完成時;句子主語是Searches,復(fù)數(shù);故用have doubled。

2. compared 考查非謂語。句意:上周,中國西北部城市天水的旅游搜索量增加了一倍,而酒店和旅游景點的預(yù)訂量與去年相比增長了近40%。填空處在句子中充當(dāng)定語,修飾“40%”,所修飾詞的數(shù)據(jù)是被比較的對象,與compare之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,因而使用compare的過去分詞形式compared。

3. for 考查介詞。句意:天水市位于中國西北部的甘肅省,位于古絲綢之路上,以其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)而聞名;如今,天水市因其獨特的辛辣火鍋而成為中國美食的目的地之一。固定搭配,be known for以..而聞名。

4. Driven 考查非謂語動詞。句意:在社交媒體和當(dāng)?shù)貭I銷活動的推動下,近幾周,游客們紛紛涌向甘肅第二大城市天水,搜索著去天水旅游的信息。填空處在句子充當(dāng)狀語,根據(jù)句意,tourists游客受到..的驅(qū)使/驅(qū)動,表示被動,故使用過去分詞driven形式。

5. reportedly 考查副詞。句意:在社交媒體和當(dāng)?shù)貭I銷活動的推動下,近幾周游客們紛紛涌向甘肅第二大城市天水,據(jù)報道,僅在上周,前往天水旅游的搜索量就增長了186%。填空處在句子中充當(dāng)狀語,故使用副詞形式reportedly。

6. were 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:據(jù)中國旅游巨頭攜程網(wǎng)3月12日報道,在過去的一個月里,天水酒店和景點的預(yù)訂量同比增長了40%,使這座城市從相對默默無聞的城市一躍成為全國知名城市。填空處在句子中充當(dāng)謂語,句子所描述事情發(fā)生時間是during the past month,描寫過去所發(fā)生的事情,用過去式;主語bookings為復(fù)數(shù),故用were。

7. recognition 考查名詞。句意:據(jù)中國旅游巨頭攜程網(wǎng)3月12日報道,在過去的一個月里,天水酒店和景點的預(yù)訂量同比增長了40%,使這座城市從相對默默無聞一躍成為全國知名。填空處跟在national后面,被形容詞修飾,故用名詞形式recognition。

8. selecting 考查非謂語。句意:天水的麻辣火鍋由食客自己選擇食材,從蔬菜、肉類到面條,然后再加入1勺當(dāng)?shù)爻霎a(chǎn)的胡椒和紅辣椒油調(diào)味。involve sb doing sth,使某人參與到什么事情中來,故使用selecting。

9. and 考查連詞。句意:天水的麻辣火鍋由食客自己選擇食材,從蔬菜、肉類到面條,然后再加入1勺當(dāng)?shù)爻霎a(chǎn)的胡椒和紅辣椒油調(diào)味。根據(jù)句意, 挑選食材select..與調(diào)理味道enhancing the mix..構(gòu)成并列,故使用連詞and。

10. a 考查不定冠詞。句意:天水的麻辣火鍋由食客自己選擇食材,從蔬菜、肉類到面條,然后再加入1勺當(dāng)?shù)爻霎a(chǎn)的胡椒和紅辣椒油調(diào)味。固定搭配 a spoonful of, 一勺……,故填a。

(四)這是一篇說明文,對中國的長壽鳥丹頂鶴及其棲息地鹽城進行了介紹。

1. with 考查介詞。句意:對于中國人來說,它經(jīng)常與運氣、忠誠和長壽聯(lián)系在一起。固定搭配,be associated with,與..聯(lián)系在一起。

2. elegance 考查名詞。句意:它以優(yōu)雅而聞名,它有白色的羽毛,頭上戴著紅色的皇冠,姿態(tài)優(yōu)美優(yōu)雅。根據(jù)句意,填空處跟在its形容詞后面,它的優(yōu)雅,故應(yīng)使用名詞形式elegance。

3. Compared 考查非謂語。句意:與幾千英里以外的北方它們的繁殖地相比,那里的水充滿了食物,在冬天永遠不會完全結(jié)冰,在那里它們可以躲藏起來尋找食物。所填空在句子中作狀語,根據(jù)句意與…作對比,邏輯主語water與比較之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞compared。

4. where 考查定語從句。句意:與幾千英里以外的北方它們的繁殖地相比,那里的水充滿了食物,在冬天永遠不會完全結(jié)冰,在那里它們可以躲藏起來尋找食物。所填空后面的句子作定語修飾名詞water,為定語從句,從句完整,先行詞是water,理解為地點在水中,故使用關(guān)系副詞where。

5. cherished 考查非謂語。句意:但是這種受中國人珍愛的長壽鳥是瀕危的,因為它的自然棲息地正在迅速消失,只有大約2000只在世界上,其中1000 只遷移到鹽城。所填空在句子是中充當(dāng)定語,修飾birds,與cherish構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,鳥類受到中國人的珍愛,故使用過去分詞cherished。

6. natural 考查形容詞。句意:但是這種受中國人珍愛的長壽鳥是瀕危的,因為它的自然棲息地正在迅速消失,只有大約2000只在世界上,其中1000 只遷移到鹽城。根據(jù)句意,所填空修飾名詞habitat,故使用形容詞natural。

7. which 考查定語從句。句意:但是這種受中國人珍愛的長壽鳥是瀕危的,因為它的自然棲息地正在迅速消失,只有大約2000只在世界上,其中的1000 只遷移到鹽城。根據(jù)句意,填空所在句子是定語從句,2000只中的1000只,要表示所屬關(guān)系, 同時所填空指代前一句中的數(shù)量詞2000,故使用which。

8. to migrate 考查非謂語。句意:這是世界上繼續(xù)遷徙的最大的丹頂鶴群。習(xí)慣搭配,continue to do sth,故使用to migrate。

9. the 考查定冠詞。句意:由于當(dāng)?shù)卦跐竦乇Wo方面的努力和更好地保護這一國寶的科學(xué)措施,丹頂鶴的數(shù)量正在上升。the number of…,特指……的數(shù)量,這里特指丹頂鶴的數(shù)量在上升,故使用the。

10. ensuring 考查非謂語。句意:鹽城濕地已成為丹頂鶴的天堂,確保長壽鳥在這個星球上長久地生活。填空處充當(dāng)句子定語修飾Yancheng,鹽城確保長壽鳥能長久地生活,Yancheng與ensure之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故使用ensuring。

(五)這是一篇說明文,對守護中國西北戈壁灘的“圣樹”胡楊林進行了介紹。

1. has been guarding/has guarded 考查謂語動詞時態(tài)。句意:作為胡楊林中最古老的樹,它已經(jīng)守護了這個地區(qū)800多年,是同類中持續(xù)存在時間最長的樹,當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q之為“圣樹”。guard在句子中充當(dāng)謂語,動作發(fā)生時間是over 800 years,故使用完成時,主語it為單數(shù),故使用has been guarding/has guarded。

2. where 考查定語從句。句意:大約6500萬年前,當(dāng)恐龍從地球上消失時,胡楊作為一個新物種出現(xiàn)在古地中海沿岸,在戈壁沙漠季節(jié)性洪水泛濫的河床上茁壯成長,在那里它的深根需要水來維持它的生長。填空所在句子充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞river beds,從句完整,river beds先行詞是一個地點,故使用關(guān)系副詞where。

3. drought 考查名詞。句意:盡管它很喜歡水,胡楊表現(xiàn)出非凡抗干旱能力,即使地下水埋在4米以下它也能茁壯成長。根據(jù)句意,exhibit resilience to sth.,對..展現(xiàn)出對抗能力,to 作介詞,后面應(yīng)該接名詞,故使用drought。

4. a 考查冠詞。句意:盡管它很喜歡水,胡楊表現(xiàn)出非凡抗干旱能力,即使地下水埋在4米以下它也能茁壯成長。根據(jù)句意與固定搭配a minimum of,至少……,故填a

5. But 考查連詞。句意:如果地下水在九米以下,那么胡楊樹的生存就面臨風(fēng)險。本句話與前一句胡楊樹茁壯成長構(gòu)成意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折,故使用but。

6. as 考查介詞。句意:作為強大的防風(fēng)林,它有效地防止了沙蝕,并表現(xiàn)出非凡的耐鹽性。填空所在成分在句子中充當(dāng)狀語,serve as 習(xí)慣搭配,作為..。故填as。

7.annually 考查副詞。句意:每棵成年樹每年能排出數(shù)十公斤的鹽和堿。所填空在句子中充當(dāng)狀語,故使用副詞形式annually。

8. blocked 考查非謂語。句意:風(fēng)被這一天然屏障擋住,沙被固定,提高了土壤質(zhì)量,維護了額濟納的生態(tài)福祉。填空后一句為主句,填空所在成分構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),wind與block之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,故使用blocked。

9. largest 考查形容詞最高級。句意:在額濟納胡楊林的南面,是中國第三大沙漠——巴丹吉林。根據(jù)句意,第三大沙漠,同時跟在定冠詞the后面,故使用最高級largest。

10. squeezing 考查非謂語。句意:如果沒有這260平方公里的胡楊林,已經(jīng)有49200平方公里的巴丹吉林沙漠將向北擴展,擠壓人類的生存空間。填空所在成分為句子狀語,巴丹吉林沙漠?dāng)D壓人類空間,squeeze與邏輯主語巴丹吉林沙漠之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故使用squeezing。

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷

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