符安宗 李成祿 石國明 楊文鵬 楊元江 鄭博 李金明
符安宗,李成祿,石國明,等.黑龍江多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世A型花崗斑巖年代學(xué)、地球化學(xué)特征
及其地質(zhì)意義.吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(地球科學(xué)版),2024,54(3):811827.doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20220262.
Fu Anzong,Li Chenglu,Shi Guoming,et al. Geochronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of the Late Devonian AType Granite Porphyry in the Duobaoshan Area, Heilongjiang Province. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2024,54(3):811827.doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20220262.
摘要:
黑龍江多寶山地區(qū)位于興蒙造山帶東段,為興安地塊與松嫩地塊的拼合部位,是研究嫩江—黑河洋(古亞洲洋分支)構(gòu)造演化的關(guān)鍵地段。對嫩江市多寶山地區(qū)西側(cè)出露的花崗斑巖開展巖石學(xué)、年代學(xué)和元素地球化學(xué)等方面的研究,以期限定其形成時代,探討巖石成因及構(gòu)造背景,為嫩江—黑河洋構(gòu)造巖漿演化提供依據(jù)?;◢彴邘r呈肉紅色,具多斑狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造,斑晶由鉀長石、石英和少量的斜長石組成,基質(zhì)主要由微晶結(jié)構(gòu)的長英質(zhì)礦物和少量黑云母組成。LAICPMS鋯石UPb加權(quán)平均年齡為(365.1±2.6)Ma,形成于晚泥盆世晚期。巖石地球化學(xué)具有高質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的SiO2、K2O,低質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的CaO、MgO和Al2O3,高TFeO/MgO和Rb/Sr值,富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf元素,貧Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P元素,REE配分曲線呈燕式分布,負(fù)銪異常明顯,表現(xiàn)出A型花崗巖的特征。以高的Zr/Hf值,Na2O、TFeO質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和相對低的P2O5、Rb質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)區(qū)別于高分異I型、S型花崗巖。特征微量元素比值與大陸地殼相應(yīng)值相近,且?guī)r石具有較低的MgO、Cr質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和Mg#值,指示其源區(qū)主要來自地殼。綜合分析表明,該期花崗斑巖為非典型A1亞類花崗巖,兼具火山弧和板內(nèi)花崗巖的元素地球化學(xué)特征,形成于嫩江—黑河洋北向俯沖擠壓體系下派生的局部拉張環(huán)境。
關(guān)鍵詞:
晚泥盆世;鋯石UPb年齡;地球化學(xué);A型花崗巖;花崗斑巖;黑龍江多寶山地區(qū)
doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20220262
中圖分類號:P59;P588.12
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
收稿日期:20220917
作者簡介:符安宗(1986—),男,工程師,碩士,主要從事區(qū)域地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)調(diào)查方面的研究,E-mail:116861157@qq.com
基金項目:黑龍江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項目(GA21A204);黑龍江省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局科研項目(HKY202302);中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項目(DD2016004707)
Supported by the Key R&D Project in Heilongjiang Province (GA21A204), the Research Projects of Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resource of Heilongjiang Province (HKY202302) and the Project of China Geological Survey (DD2016004707)
Geochronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of the Late Devonian AType Granite Porphyry in the Duobaoshan Area, Heilongjiang Province
Fu Anzong,Li Chenglu,Shi Guoming,Yang Wenpeng,Yang Yuanjiang,Zheng Bo,Li Jinming
Heilongjiang Institute of Natural Resources Survey,Harbin 150036, China
Abstract:
The Duobaoshan area, situated within the contact zone between the Xingan and Songnen blocks in the eastern part of Xingan-Mongolia orogenic belt, holds significant importance in the study the tectonic evolution of Nenjiang-Heihe Ocean, which is the north branch of Paleo-Asian Ocean. In this paper, we present a detailed investigation of petrology, geochronology and geochemistry of the granite porphyries exposed in the western Duobaoshan area with the aims to identify their geochronology and petrogenesis, and further to reveal the tectonic-magmatic evolution associated with the Nenjiang-Heihe Ocean. The investigated granite porphyries are flesh red, with multi porphyry structure and massive structure. Their phenocrysts predominantly comprise potassium feldspar, quartz and a small amount of plagioclase. The matrix is mainly composed of felsic minerals with microcrystalline structure and minor biotites. The LAICPMS UPb zircon age suggest the granite porphyry formed at Late Devonian (365.1 ± 2.6 Ma). Moreover, the granite porphyries are geochemically characterized by high SiO2 and K2O contents, along with low CaO, MgO and Al2O3 compositions, and high TFeO/MgO and Rb/Sr ratios. They are enriched in Rb, Th, Zr and Hf, and depleted in Sr, Ba, Eu, Ti, P, with swallow-like REE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, showing the characteristics of Atype granite. Distinguished from highly differentiated Itype and Stype granites, they display a high Zr/Hf ratio, Na2O, TFeO content and relatively low P2O5, Rb content. The low MgO, and Cr contents and Mg# values, together with their characteristic trace element ratios, indicated the predominant crustal source contribution. Based on the regional geology and the geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks, we concluded that the granite porphyry is an A1 subtype granite, which has the geochemical characteristics of both volcanic arc and intraplate granite. Furthermore, we infer that the granite porphyry should be formed in the local extensional environment during the northward subduction of Nenjiang-Heihe Ocean.
Key words:
Late Devonian; zircon UPb age; geochemistry; Atype granite; granite porphyry; the Duobaoshan area, Heilongjiang Province
0? 引言
黑龍江多寶山地區(qū)位于大興安嶺與小興安嶺結(jié)合部,屬興蒙造山帶東段,為興安地塊和松嫩地塊的拼合部位,
自古生代以來經(jīng)歷了古亞洲洋、環(huán)太平洋、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋三大構(gòu)造域的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造演化[13],構(gòu)造巖漿活動頻繁,成礦地質(zhì)作用復(fù)雜。該地區(qū)目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)多寶山斑巖型銅鉬礦床、銅山斑巖型銅礦床、三礦溝矽卡巖型鐵礦床、爭光低溫?zé)嵋盒徒鸬V床和二道坎低溫?zé)嵋盒豌y礦床等,成礦潛力巨大。特別是黑龍江省首個大型獨(dú)立銀礦二道坎銀礦床的發(fā)現(xiàn),為多寶山地區(qū)增加了新的找礦方向。因此,查清多寶山地區(qū)成礦地質(zhì)背景尤為重要。近年來,眾多學(xué)者圍繞上述礦床及其外圍開展了較為詳盡的研究,報道了多期構(gòu)造巖漿事件,基本理清了多寶山地區(qū)成礦地質(zhì)背景[312]。然而該地區(qū)晚泥盆世巖漿事件未見報道,其地質(zhì)構(gòu)造演化缺乏晚泥盆世巖漿記錄,該時期地質(zhì)構(gòu)造背景尚不明確。
A型花崗巖富硅富堿貧水,地球化學(xué)上以貧Al、Sr、Eu、Ba、Ti、P等為特征,形成于低壓高溫條件下,大多產(chǎn)于伸展環(huán)境或擠壓、剪切體制下派生的局部拉張環(huán)境[1317]。盡管A型花崗巖類僅占花崗巖類的一小部分,但該類花崗巖具有重要的地球化學(xué)意義,探討其產(chǎn)出的動力學(xué)背景可以限定區(qū)域構(gòu)造演化[18]。
鑒于此,本文在多寶山地區(qū)1∶5萬區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查工作的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的A型花崗斑巖進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的巖石學(xué)、年代學(xué)和元素地球化學(xué)研究,準(zhǔn)確量定其形成時代,揭示其巖石成因,探討其構(gòu)造環(huán)境,為研究多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世構(gòu)造環(huán)境及嫩江—黑河洋的構(gòu)造演化提供新的可靠素材和地質(zhì)依據(jù),進(jìn)一步完善多寶山地區(qū)的成礦地質(zhì)背景。
1? 地質(zhì)概況
研究區(qū)位于黑龍江省嫩江市多寶山地區(qū)西側(cè),屬興蒙造山帶東段興安地塊東北邊緣(圖1a),經(jīng)歷了三大構(gòu)造域的疊加演化,巖漿活動強(qiáng)烈,變質(zhì)作用復(fù)雜,發(fā)育古生代弧盆系火山沉積建造、巖漿弧和中生代火山沉積盆地[21]。
研究區(qū)古生代海相火山沉積地層和中生代陸相火山沉積地層發(fā)育,地層由老到新依次為:下—中奧陶統(tǒng)銅山組(O12t)淺?!肷詈!詈j懺此樾汲练e巖夾火山碎屑巖、多寶山組(O12d)島弧型鈣堿性火山巖夾大理巖透鏡體,上奧陶統(tǒng)裸河組(O3l)淺?!獮I海相沉積巖夾凝灰?guī)r和結(jié)晶灰?guī)r透鏡體、愛輝組(O3ah)淺?!肷詈O喑练e巖,下志留統(tǒng)黃花溝組(S1h)淺?!肷詈O喑练e巖,中志留統(tǒng)八十里小河組(S2b)淺海相沉積巖夾火山巖,上志留統(tǒng)臥都河組(S3w)淺海—濱海相沉積巖,下泥盆統(tǒng)泥鰍河組(D1n)淺海相沉積巖夾火山巖,中—上泥盆統(tǒng)根里河組(D23g)淺海相沉積巖,上石炭統(tǒng)—下二疊統(tǒng)寶力高廟組(C2P1bl)中酸性陸相火山巖夾正常沉積碎屑巖,下白堊統(tǒng)龍江組(K1l)陸相中性火山巖、光華組(K1gn)陸相酸性火山巖、九峰山組(K1j)山間半地塹式斷陷盆地沉積巖、甘河組(K1g)陸相基性火山巖和第四系沖洪積物。區(qū)域上巖漿活動頻繁,由老到新發(fā)育中奧陶世花崗閃長巖和花崗閃長斑巖、早石炭世正長花崗巖、晚石炭世—早二疊世堿長花崗巖、中—晚三疊世花崗閃長巖、早侏羅世閃長巖、中侏羅世花崗閃長巖和二長花崗巖。
本文研究的花崗斑巖呈不規(guī)則小巖株狀產(chǎn)出,總體呈近北北東向展布,出露面積約10 km2,侵位于下—中奧陶統(tǒng)銅山組海相沉積巖中,被上石炭統(tǒng)—下二疊統(tǒng)寶力高廟組陸相火山巖不整合覆蓋(圖1b)。其巖相學(xué)特征揭示:巖石呈肉紅色,具多斑狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造。巖石由斑晶和基質(zhì)組成,斑晶約占巖石的50%(圖2)。斑晶由鉀長石、石英和少量的斜長石組成,粒徑多為0.5~4.0 mm。鉀長石呈半自形柱狀、粒狀,負(fù)低突起,平行消光,具黏土化,體積分?jǐn)?shù)約為25%;石英呈他形粒狀、熔蝕斑狀,晶面平坦,波狀消光,裂紋發(fā)育,體積分?jǐn)?shù)約為20%;斜長石呈半自形柱狀,具聚片雙晶,成分為更長石,絹云母化發(fā)育,體積分?jǐn)?shù)約為5%。基質(zhì)主要由微晶結(jié)構(gòu)的長英質(zhì)礦物和少量黑云母組成,黑云母具綠泥石化、白云母化,部分黑云母鑲嵌在長石、石英斑晶上,斜長石具絹云母化,鉀長石具黏土化。副礦物為磁鐵礦、鋯石。
2? 分析方法
本文對1件樣品進(jìn)行鋯石UPb法年齡測定,對5件樣品進(jìn)行巖石地球化學(xué)分析測試。樣品較為新鮮,采樣位置見圖1b和表1。
鋯石UPb測年:在野外采集新鮮巖石樣品,選送至河北省區(qū)域地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)調(diào)查研究所實驗室進(jìn)行單礦物鋯石分選工作。以常規(guī)方法將樣品粉碎至80~100目,并用淘洗、電磁選等方法進(jìn)行單礦物鋯石分選;然后在雙目鏡下挑選透明度較好、晶形較完好、裂紋和包體較少的鋯石用于UPb年齡測定。鋯石制靶、陰極發(fā)光(CL)圖像的采集由北京鋯年領(lǐng)航科技有限公司完成。鋯石UThPb同位素分析在中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局天津地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心完成。鋯石UThPb分析在天津地質(zhì)調(diào)查中心LAMCICPMC儀器上完成,所用儀器由NEW WAVE 193 nm FX激光器和NEPTUNE型多接收等離子質(zhì)譜組成,激光剝蝕的斑束直徑為35 μm,能量密度為13~14 J/cm2,頻率為8~10 Hz,采用91500和GJ1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石作為鋯石定年外標(biāo),詳細(xì)的實驗原理和測試方法見參考文獻(xiàn)[22]。采用Liu等[23]研發(fā)的ICPMSDataCAl程序和Ludwig[24]的Isoplot程序進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理、年齡諧和圖繪制和加權(quán)平均年齡計算,利用NIST SRM 612玻璃標(biāo)樣作為外標(biāo)計算鋯石樣品的Pb、U、Th質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。
主量、微量和稀土元素分析測試:在野外采集新鮮巖石樣品,選送不含包體和巖脈的樣品送至自然資源部哈爾濱礦產(chǎn)資源監(jiān)督檢測中心進(jìn)行巖石地球化學(xué)分析測試。其中主量元素分析采用X射線熒光光譜儀(XRF)完成,所用儀器型號為PW2400/40型,分析誤差優(yōu)于5%;微量元素和稀土元素分析采用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法(ICPMS)測定,所用儀器型號為X SeriesⅡ型,分析誤差優(yōu)于10%,具體分析測試流程詳見參考文獻(xiàn)[25]。
3? 測試結(jié)果
3.1? LAICPMS鋯石UPb年齡
本次研究對多寶山地區(qū)1個花崗斑巖樣品(039UPb95)進(jìn)行了LAICPMS鋯石UPb同位素測年,測試結(jié)果見表2。CL陰極發(fā)光圖像(圖3)顯示用于測試的鋯石內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,為自形—半自形晶體,以短柱狀、等軸狀為主,少數(shù)鋯石因溶蝕形態(tài)不規(guī)則,粒徑大小多在90~180 μm之間,長寬比在2∶1~1∶1之間。陰極發(fā)光圖像中大多數(shù)鋯石可見明顯的巖漿韻律環(huán)帶結(jié)構(gòu),Th/U值較高,介于0.33~0.64之間,具典型巖漿成因鋯石特征[26]。
樣品039UPb95共測試25個鋯石點(diǎn),其中有4個點(diǎn)(9、16、21、23點(diǎn))的諧和度小于90%,偏離諧和線,可能發(fā)生了204Pb的丟失,所以未參與鋯石年齡的計算;3個點(diǎn)(4、19、22點(diǎn))的206Pb/238U年齡在392~388 Ma之間,明顯大于其他18個鋯石點(diǎn)的年齡,可能為捕獲鋯石,因此未參與鋯石年齡的計算;其他18個鋯石點(diǎn)位于UPb諧和線上及其附近(圖4),206Pb/238U年齡為374~356 Ma,206Pb/238U加權(quán)平均年齡為(365.1±2.6)Ma(n=18,MSWD=0.83),時代為晚泥盆世晚期。所有鋯石點(diǎn)207Pb/206Pb值非常接近,變化于0.051 4~0.060 3之間,表明該批鋯石為同期巖漿鋯石。因此,該加權(quán)平均年齡代表本次研究的花崗斑巖結(jié)晶年齡,其形成于晚泥盆世晚期。
3.2? 巖石地球化學(xué)特征
本次研究于多寶山地區(qū)共采集花崗斑巖5件新鮮巖石樣品用于巖石地球化學(xué)分析,其主量、微量和稀土元素分析結(jié)果列于表3。
從表3可以看出,研究區(qū)花崗斑巖樣品具有高硅(w(SiO2)=73.38%~77.12%)、高鉀(w(K2O) =4.73%~5.43%)、富堿(w(Na2O+K2O)=7.58%~9.02%)、低鈦(w(TiO2)=0.09%~0.20%)、低鈣(w(CaO) =0.18%~0.44%)、貧鎂(w(MgO)=0.04%~0.12%)、低Al2O3(w(Al2O3)=11.87%~13.64%)和高TFeO/MgO值(12.37~49.49)的地球化學(xué)特征。在R2R1圖解(圖5a)中,所有樣品均落入堿性花崗巖區(qū)域?;◢彴邘r的AR值介于2.61~3.22之間,屬堿性系列(圖5b);在w(K2O)w(SiO2)圖解(圖5c)中落入高鉀鈣堿性系列;在w(Na2O+K2O-CaO)w(SiO2)圖解(圖5d)中落入堿性系列和堿鈣性系列;在TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)w(SiO2)圖解(圖5e)中落入鐵質(zhì)(Fenoan)區(qū)域;在A/NKA/CNK圖解(圖5f)上落入過鋁質(zhì)區(qū)域,屬弱過鋁質(zhì)花崗巖;在(Al2O3+CaO)/(TFeO+Na2O+K2O)100(MgO+TFeO+TiO2)圖解(圖5g)上除1個點(diǎn)落入高分異花崗巖區(qū)域外,其余4個點(diǎn)均落入堿性花崗巖區(qū)域。
樣品中稀土總量較高且變化較大,w(∑REE)=(144.67~388.93)×10-6,平均值為296.68×10-6;相對富集輕稀土元素,虧損重稀土元素,LREE/HREE值除1個樣品為4.82外,其余為19.52~
34.05,平均值為21.54;(La/Yb)N為17.84~51.85(僅1個樣品為3.92),平均值為26.09,在稀土元素配分曲線圖上呈富LREE的右傾型曲線(圖6a);(La/Sm)N=2.65~9.66(平均值為6.23), (Gd/Yb)N=1.17~2.52(平均值為1.96),顯示輕稀土元素分餾程度高于
球粒隕石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值和原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[34]。
重稀土元素;δEu值介于0.06~0.10之間,平均值為0.08,顯示明顯的負(fù)銪異常,表明源區(qū)殘留有大量的斜長石或成巖過程經(jīng)歷了斜長石的分離結(jié)晶作用[18,35]。在微量元素蛛網(wǎng)圖(圖6b)上,所有花崗斑巖樣品均富集大離子親石元素Rb、Th、K 和高場強(qiáng)元素Nd、Zr、Hf,而強(qiáng)烈虧損Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。
4? 討論
4.1? 巖石成因
I型、S型、A型、M型花崗巖是目前常用的花崗巖巖石成因分類方案[36]。其中真正由地幔巖漿衍生的M型花崗巖較為少見,一般產(chǎn)于大洋火山島弧,巖石組合為大洋斜長花崗巖、輝長巖,w(K2O)<0.6%[3738]。多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖w(K2O)=4.73%~5.43%,遠(yuǎn)大于0.6%,不可能為M型花崗巖。該期花崗斑巖主要由堿性長石、石英及斜長石等礦物組成,在R2R1圖解(圖5a)中落入堿性花崗巖區(qū)域,具有高Si和K,低Ca和Al,富Rb、Th、Zr和Hf,貧Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,高TFeO/MgO值和Rb/Sr值(2.84~4.67),REE分布具有明顯的負(fù)銪異常,在稀土元素配分曲線圖上表現(xiàn)出右傾的燕式分布型式。以上幾點(diǎn)明顯不同于I型和S型花崗巖,而表現(xiàn)出A型花崗巖的特征[3641]。Whalen等[40]對比研究了大量M、I、S、A 型花崗巖地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),提出一系列相關(guān)判別圖解,如(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(NK/C)w(Zr+Ce+Nb+Y)和TFeO/MgOw(Zr+Ce+Nb+Y)圖解,對A型花崗巖的判定較為準(zhǔn)確。Eby[42]的研究表明,對于高硅的(w(SiO2)>74%)I、S、A 型花崗巖,利用TFeO/MgO w(SiO2)圖解能有效地把大多數(shù)A型花崗巖區(qū)別出來。在這些圖解(圖7a、b、c)中,晚泥盆世花崗斑巖除1個樣品點(diǎn)在TFeO/MgO w(Zr+Ce+Nb+Y)圖解中未落入A型花崗巖區(qū)域外,其余樣品點(diǎn)均落入A型花崗巖區(qū)域。但是,A型花崗巖與w(SiO2)>72%的高分異I型、S型花崗巖具有一定的相似性[40,4345]。相對于未分異花崗巖,高分異花崗巖具有低的Zr/Hf值(<38)[45]。相對于A型花崗巖,高分異S型花崗巖具有低的w(Na2O)(平均值為2.81%)和高的w(P2O5)(平均值為0.14%)[46],高分異I型花崗巖具有相對低的w(TFeO)(一般<1%)和高的w(Rb)(>270×106)[47]。多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖具有高的Zr/Hf值、高的w(Na2O)和w(FeO)、低的w(P2O5)和w(Rb)(表3),與高分異I型、S型花崗巖明顯不同,且在(Al2O3+CaO)/(TFeO+Na2O+K2O)100(MgO+TFeO+TiO2)圖解(圖5g)上,僅有1個樣品點(diǎn)落入高分異花崗巖區(qū)域,說明該期花崗斑巖不是高分異I型、S型花崗巖,但可能經(jīng)歷一定的分離結(jié)晶作用。
低壓和高溫是A型花崗巖形成的重要條件[1315,3940]。張旗等[4849]在分析歸納大量資料的基礎(chǔ)上,將中酸性花崗巖按Sr、Yb的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和反映的源區(qū)壓力劃分為埃達(dá)克巖型花崗巖(w(Sr)>300×
10-6,w(Yb)<2.5×10-6,最小壓力>1.2 GPa)、喜馬拉雅型花崗巖(w(Sr)<300×10-6,w(Yb)<2×10-6,壓力為0.8~1.4 GPa)、浙閩型花崗巖(w(Sr)=(40~400)×10-6,w(Yb)>1.5×10-6,壓力為0.8~1.0 GPa)、廣西型花崗巖(w(Sr)>400×10-6,w(Yb)>2×10-6,壓力尚不明確)和南嶺型花崗巖(w(Sr)=(2~100)×10-6,w(Yb)=(1~30)×10-6,壓力<0.8 GPa)等五類。多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖w(Sr)= (21~46)×10-6,w(Yb)= (1.05~3.99)×10-6,屬南嶺型花崗巖,其源區(qū)壓力小于0.8 GPa,反映了與A型花崗巖一致的低壓特征。對于長英質(zhì)巖漿,鋯石飽和溫度(TZr)近似于熔體的分離溫度,可以通過鋯石飽和溫度計算來獲取巖漿初始溫度[50]。計算公式:TZr=12900/[2.95+0.85M+ln(496000/Zr熔體)],式中溫度為絕對溫度,M=[(Na+K+2Ca)/(Al×Si)] [5051]。經(jīng)計算,本文花崗斑巖樣品的鋯石飽和溫度介于807.87~834.73 ℃之間(平均值為822.38 ℃),明顯高于I型花崗巖的飽和溫度(764 ℃和781 ℃)和S型花崗巖的飽和溫度(703 ℃和779 ℃),而與澳大利亞Lachlan 褶皺帶A型花崗巖的平均溫度(839 ℃)相近[43,52]。
綜上,多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖屬于A型花崗巖,可能經(jīng)歷一定的分離結(jié)晶作用。
多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖樣品在微量元素原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化蛛網(wǎng)圖上顯示Nb、Ta、P、Ti的貧化,指示其源區(qū)主要來自地殼。表4中可見,樣品的Rb/Sr值>0.5,Ti/Zr值<20,Ti/Y值<100,屬于殼源巖漿[5556]。另外,樣品的Rb/Y、Rb/Nb、Rb/U、Ba/Sr、La/Yb、La/Sm、La/Nb、Sm/Nd、Y/Nb、Yb/Ta、Nb/Th、Nd/Th 、Th/La、Th/Yb等14個特征微量元素比值與大陸地殼相應(yīng)的元素比值相近,而與原始地幔的相應(yīng)值相差較遠(yuǎn),加之較低的MgO(0.04%~0.12%)、Cr(13.7%~35.6%)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和
Mg#值(4.07~14.49),也顯示殼源巖石的特征。然而,Nb/Ta、Nb/U值介于大陸地殼與原始地幔相應(yīng)值之間,表明其巖漿源區(qū)有地幔物質(zhì)的參與。基于上述研究成果,多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖應(yīng)是有幔源物質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)的新生下地殼部分熔融的產(chǎn)物。
4.2? 構(gòu)造環(huán)境與地質(zhì)意義
A型花崗巖具有一定的構(gòu)造指示意義,幾乎都是構(gòu)造伸展背景或擠壓、剪切體制下派生的局部拉張環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物[1316]。Eby[13]根據(jù)不相容元素比值將A型花崗巖分為A1和A2兩個亞類。A1亞類中不相容元素的比值與洋島玄武巖相似,其巖漿來源以地幔為主,主要形成于地幔柱或裂谷環(huán)境;A2亞類中不相容元素比值變化較大,其相似范圍從大陸地殼平均值到島弧玄武巖平均值,其巖漿來源主要是地殼,主要形成于弧后、碰撞后或造山期后的張性環(huán)境。多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖在Ce/NbY/Nb、Yb/Ta Y/Nb和Rb/NbY/Nb圖解(圖8a、b、c)中均落入A1型花崗巖區(qū)域及其附近,在NbYCe圖解(圖8d)中落入A1型花崗巖與A2型花崗巖界線附近,顯示其為A1型花崗巖,兼具A2型花崗巖特征。巖石在R2R1構(gòu)造環(huán)境判別圖解(圖9a)中落入非造山和造山后期區(qū)域,反映該期花崗斑巖形成于伸展構(gòu)造背景下的拉張環(huán)境中。在微量元素w(Rb)w(Y+Nb)、w(Rb)w(Yb+Ta)和w(Nb)w(Y)構(gòu)造環(huán)境判別圖解(圖9b、c、d)上,樣品落入火山弧和板內(nèi)花崗巖區(qū)域。然而,多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖的巖漿來源主要是地殼,可能有地幔物質(zhì)的參與,這與典型的A1亞類花崗巖不同。因此,本文認(rèn)為該期花崗斑巖形成的構(gòu)造環(huán)境也有別于A1亞類花崗巖,其構(gòu)造環(huán)境需結(jié)合區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行綜合分析。
多寶山地區(qū)早奧陶世至晚泥盆世早期為海相化石豐富的地層,晚泥盆世晚期的地層開始出現(xiàn)陸相化石,標(biāo)志著多寶山海盆于晚泥盆世開始閉合;晚石炭世—早二疊世沉積地層的缺失標(biāo)志著多寶山地區(qū)此時處于碰撞造山階段[60]。本區(qū)南部霍龍門、嫩江
底圖據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[13]。
等地發(fā)育的早石炭世—晚石炭世早期(351~322 Ma)的花崗巖具有板塊碰撞前—碰撞的地球化學(xué)特征[6164],反映興安地塊與松嫩地塊的拼貼時間應(yīng)為早石炭世—晚石炭世早期;扎蘭屯地區(qū)發(fā)育的晚古生代早期(405~325 Ma)花崗巖類可能與興安地塊和松嫩地塊的碰撞拼合作用有關(guān),其拼合時限可能為早石炭世中期[65]。本文中A型花崗巖形成于(365.1±2.6)Ma,屬晚泥盆世晚期,不可能是碰撞后花崗巖。有學(xué)者在本區(qū)南部哈達(dá)陽地區(qū)和扎蘭屯地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)具有火山弧型玄武巖特征的鎂鐵—超鎂鐵質(zhì)巖石和具有火山弧性質(zhì)的中酸性火山巖,形成于晚泥盆世晚期(363.3~362.1 Ma)[6667];在本區(qū)東北部三道灣子金礦發(fā)現(xiàn)晚泥盆世((363.3±2.6)、(369.2±2.3)、(377.0±3.0)Ma)埃達(dá)克巖和I型花崗巖,形成于由洋殼俯沖的島弧環(huán)境向洋殼閉合陸陸碰撞的擠壓造山的過渡階段[68]。由此可見,晚泥盆世時期,興安地塊和松嫩地塊之間的黑河洋尚未消失,正處于俯沖消減階段。另外,Gou等[69]在本區(qū)西部滿洲里—額爾古納地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)一套晚泥盆世(360±4)Ma的A2型花崗巖,可能形成于弧后伸展環(huán)境;Li等[7072]在額爾古納地塊中南部識別出形成于弧后伸展環(huán)境的晚泥盆世(365.2 ± 3.9)Ma的流紋巖,說明晚泥盆世額爾古納地塊處于伸展環(huán)境。本文研究的A型花崗斑巖位于興安地塊東北緣的多寶山地區(qū),離滿洲里—額爾古納地區(qū)較遠(yuǎn),而離嫩江—黑河洋較近,受嫩江—黑河洋北向俯沖的影響較大。因此,多寶山地區(qū)在晚泥盆世時期應(yīng)總體處于洋殼俯沖的擠壓背景。結(jié)合上述A型花崗巖的分析,本文認(rèn)為多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世A型花崗斑巖應(yīng)形成于嫩江—黑河洋北向俯沖擠壓體制下派生的局部拉張環(huán)境。
a底圖據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[57];b、c、d底圖據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[5859]。
5? 結(jié)論
1) 多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖的鋯石LAICPMS定年顯示,其鋯石加權(quán)平均年齡為(365.1±2.6)Ma,表明本期花崗斑巖的侵位年齡為晚泥盆世晚期。
2) 巖石學(xué)、地球化學(xué)特征顯示,多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖為弱過鋁質(zhì)A型花崗巖,是有幔源物質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)的新生下地殼部分熔融的產(chǎn)物。
3) 多寶山地區(qū)晚泥盆世花崗斑巖為非典型的A1亞類花崗巖,兼具火山弧和板內(nèi)花崗巖的元素地球化學(xué)特征,形成于嫩江黑河洋北向俯沖擠壓體制下派生的局部拉張環(huán)境,表明多寶山地區(qū)約365 Ma處于擠壓背景下的局部伸展環(huán)境。
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