李奕群

1 How many times does the chorus （副歌） repeat in your favorite song？ Repetition is afeature that music from cultures around the world tends to share. So， why does music relyso heavily on repetition？

2 One part of the answer comes from what psychologists call the mere exposure effect.In short， people tend to prefer things they＇ve been exposed to before. For example， a songcomes on the radio that we don＇t particularly like， but then we hear the song at the grocerystore， at the movie theater and again on the street corner. Soon， we are tapping to the beat，singing the words， and even downloading the track.

3 Repetition connects each bit of music to thenext bit of music that follows it. So when you hear afew notes， you＇re already imagining what＇s comingnext. Your mind is unconsciously singing along.Recent studies have shown that when people hear asegment of music repeated， they are more likely tomove or tap along to it. Repetition invites us into music as imagined participants， ratherthan as passive listeners.

5 Research has also shown that listeners shift their attention across musical repetitions，focusing on different aspects of the sound on each new listen. You might notice the melodyof a phrase the first time， but when it＇s repeated， your attention shifts to how the guitaristbends a pitch.

6 Repetition gives rise to a kind of trend， where we＇re listening along with thesound， and engaging imaginatively with the note about to happen. This mode oflistening ties in with our feelings to musical earworms， where segments of music flow into our heads， and play again and again. Critics are often embarrassed by music＇s repetitive?ness， finding it childish， but repetition， far from an embarrassment， is actually a keyfeature that gives rise to the kind of experience we think about as musical.

Reading Check

1. Which of the following belongs to the mere exposure effect？

A. The more you like a song， the better you will sing it.

B. The more you hear a song， the more possible you will buy it.

C. The more you listen to a song， the more likely you will like it.

D. The more you are exposed to a play， the better you will perform it.

2. How does repetition invite us into music as imagined participants？

A. By singing with the song. B. By predicting what＇s coming next.

C. By listening to the music passively. D. By imagining what the lyrics describe.

3. What＇s the author＇s attitude towards music＇s repetitiveness？

A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Unclear.

4. What is the text mainly about？

A. The origin of musical repetition. B. The function of musical repetition.

C. The criticism of musical repetition. D. The development of musical repetition.

語篇解碼

本文是一篇說明文，主要說明了為什么音樂中會有這么多的片段重復(fù)。音樂重復(fù)次數(shù)越多，我們就越容易喜歡這種音樂。音樂朗朗上口，我們更容易沉浸在音樂的情境中，而不是被動地聽歌。在不斷的重復(fù)中，我們對音樂會有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解。

語言學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ. 語料薈萃

Ⅱ. 語句分析

1. Repetition gives rise to a kind of trend， where we＇re listening along with the sound，and engaging imaginatively with the note about to happen. 重復(fù)產(chǎn)生了一種趨勢，（在這種趨勢里）我們伴隨著聲音聆聽，想象著即將奏響的音符。

【點石成金】本句中，where引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是trend， where引導(dǎo)的從句在主句中作地點狀語，表示“在這種趨勢里”；listening和engaging是一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. Critics are often embarrassed by music＇s repetitiveness， finding it childish， butrepetition， far from an embarrassment， is actually a key feature that gives rise to the kind ofexperience we think about as musical. 評論家們經(jīng)常對音樂的重復(fù)感到尷尬，覺得它很幼稚，但重復(fù)遠不是一種尷尬，實際上它是讓我們認(rèn)為的音樂體驗發(fā)生的一個關(guān)鍵特征。

【點石成金】本句中，finding作原因狀語，和邏輯主語Critics是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系； far from意為“遠非；絕非”；that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，先行詞是feature，且that在從句中作主語。

語言運用

Ⅰ. 例句仿寫

1. 她將自己置于危險的境地，而且很有可能丟掉性命。

She＇s got herself into a dangerous situation ___________________________.

2. 你非但沒有改善現(xiàn)狀，反而使情況更糟。

___________________________， you＇ve just made it worse.

Ⅱ. 寫作實踐

假定你是李華，你的外國朋友John寫信詢問你喜歡的音樂類型。請你給他寫一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 喜歡的音樂類型；

2. 喜歡的原因。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear John，

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Yours，

Li Hua