宋世民
煙臺老城區(qū)(現芝罘區(qū))有座三面環(huán)海、林木蔥蘢的小山,俗稱煙臺山。其主體東西400米,南北250米,海拔45.2米,面積約8公頃。此山坡度平緩,幽徑蜿蜒,風光迷人。別看山體規(guī)模小巧,卻承載著許多融入中西文化元素的人工建筑及姿態(tài)天成的自然景觀。那塊突出山巔向天面海的“燕臺石”,便以不同時代的歷史遺存,構成煙臺城市記憶中的美好與悲涼。
燕臺石原是一叢突出地面的自然山石,高、寬、長都不足3米,東端高,主體縱面方圓,向西漸低順坡入土。
關于這塊山石緣何得名燕臺石,民間有多種傳說。一個版本說,古時煙臺海濱住著一個青年漁民,小伙子勤勞勇敢,長著一雙能透視海水的眼睛,駕船捕魚時,深水中南來北往的魚群,都看得清清楚楚,所以每次出海都大獲豐收。附近漁民見他本領奇特,也紛紛跟隨他出海,船多人眾,每天都有大量魚蝦被捕獲上岸。
這事傳到海龍王耳朵里,老龍王勃然大怒,發(fā)誓嚴辦這名帶頭捕捉蝦兵蟹將的小伙子。有一天,正在巡游的龍王與青年漁民在海上不期而遇,雙方激烈決斗,就在小伙危難之際,海中浮出一位名叫燕兒的姑娘,她挺身擋住龍王即將砍下的利劍,使小伙得以逃生。原來這燕兒姑娘本是玉皇大帝的一名天宮女官,因才貌出眾被龍王看中,討要到身邊。可這姑娘平時偏偏同情勤勞善良的海上漁民,于是被龍王貶作了侍女。龍王見燕兒將小伙子放走,一怒之下將她點化為海邊荒丘上的一塊石頭。
斗轉星移,附近漁民為紀念這位真情關愛人間百姓的圣女,便將龍王點化的這塊石頭命名“燕臺石”,將承載燕臺石的這座突入海中小山叫著“燕臺山”,山腳下小漁村也順依“燕臺山”之名,被稱“燕臺”。
除了幾個美麗神奇的傳說之外,對于“燕臺”名稱來歷,還另有一番貼近自然環(huán)境的說辭:煙臺地方諺語有“七九河開,八九燕來”之說,意指臨近八九時節(jié),冬遷南方的燕子開始陸續(xù)返回北方原棲息地,筑巢壘窩繁衍后代。位于煙臺山巔這塊巖石側旁,曾有一株高大的古欒樹,附近又有古廟建筑,環(huán)境適宜燕子棲息。每年初春時節(jié),常有群燕落石小憩,天長日久,人們便將這塊紫燕聚落之巖稱為“燕臺”。挺立燕臺石的自然山體,則被叫做“燕臺山”,環(huán)繞燕臺山的市鎮(zhèn)也隨山巖名稱叫著“燕臺”。
其實,承載燕臺石的這座小山,歷史上還曾有過多種叫法:民間傳統(tǒng)稱呼此地為“北山”,是相對于村落南部群山而言。近代依人工建筑命名也稱過“信號山”“拉旗山”“煙臺山”等。“燕臺山”之稱因與“煙臺山”諧音,口語傳承難以區(qū)分。1905年,在山頂端明初設置的熨斗煙墩基座上,建起了導航燈塔,命名“煙臺山燈塔”。此后,在文字記錄中,燕臺山及其他名稱逐漸消失,統(tǒng)稱煙臺山至今。
In the old city area of Yantai (todays Zhifu District), there is a small green mountain surrounded by the sea on three sides, commonly known as Yantai Mountain. Its main body stretches 400 meters from east to west, 250 meters from north to south, with an elevation of 45.2 meters, covering an area of about 8 hectares. The slope of the mountain is gentle, with winding paths and charming scenery. Despite its small size, this mountain is home to many artificial structures that blend elements of both Chinese and Western cultures, as well as naturally formed landscapes. The protruding “Yantai Stone” on the mountaintop facing the sky and the sea is imbued with the memories of Yantais history, representing both beauty and melancholy through the remnants of different historical periods.
Originally, the Yantai Stone was a natural mountain rock protruding from the ground, with the height, width, and length all less than three meters. The eastern end is higher; the longitudinal plane of the main body is circular; and the terrain becomes lower along the slope to the west until it finally turns flat.