劉玲
【摘要】目的:分析在女性惡性腫瘤患者中央靜脈穿刺置管并發(fā)癥預(yù)防中采取護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式的臨床效果。方法:從本院選取女性惡性腫瘤患者入組,共計(jì)80例,采取抽簽法分組,每組40例,探討組實(shí)施護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式,一般組應(yīng)用常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比兩組PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分、護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分及并發(fā)癥(穿刺部位滲血、導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、導(dǎo)管堵塞、靜脈血栓)發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:探討組并發(fā)癥(穿刺部位滲血、導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、導(dǎo)管堵塞、靜脈血栓)發(fā)生率相比于一般組較低,有對(duì)比意義(P<0.05)。護(hù)理前,兩組PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分對(duì)比無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,探討組PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分相比一般組更高,有對(duì)比意義(P<0.05)。護(hù)理前,兩組護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分比較差異不大,無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,探討組護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分相比一般組較高,有對(duì)比意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式應(yīng)用在女性惡性腫瘤患者中能夠降低中央靜脈穿刺置管并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式;中央靜脈穿刺置管;惡性腫瘤;并發(fā)癥
Clinical value of nurse-patient bidirectional quality feedback nursing mode in preventing complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in female patients with malignant tumor
LIU Ling
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
【Abstract】Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of adopting the nurse-patient bidirectional quality feedback nursing mode in preventing complications of peripherally inserted central venous catheters in female patients with malignant tumor.Methods:A total of 80 female patients with malignant tumor were selected from our hospital and divided by lottery method,with 40 cases in each group.The discussion group implemented the nurse-patient bidirectional quality feedback nursing mode,while the general group used routine nursing. The PICC self-care ability score,nursing satisfaction score,and the incidence of complications (blood infiltration at puncture site,catheterrelated infection,catheter blockage,venous thrombosis) were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of complications (blood infiltration at puncture site,catheter-associated infection,catheter blockage,venous thrombosis) in the discussion group was lower than that in the general group,showing a comparative significance (P<0.05).Before nursing,there was no statistically significant difference in PICC self-care ability scores between the two groups (P>0.05);After nursing,The PICC self-care ability score of the discussion group was higher than that of the general group,with comparative significance (P<0.05).Before nursing,there was no significant difference in nursing satisfaction scores between the two groups (P>0.05);After nursing,the nursing satisfaction score of the discussion group was higher than that of the general group,with comparative significance (P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of the nurse-patient bidirectional quality feedback nursing model in female patients with malignant tumors can reduce the incidence of complications in peripherally inserted central venous catheters.
【Key Words】Nurse-patient bidirectional quality feedback nursing model; Peripherally inserted central venous catheters; Malignant tumor; Complication
女性惡性腫瘤中央靜脈穿刺置管以往臨床一般采取常規(guī)健康教育方式結(jié)合干預(yù),但對(duì)并發(fā)癥預(yù)防的效果有限。護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式為現(xiàn)階段醫(yī)療當(dāng)中以人為本的新型護(hù)理模式,能夠在反饋當(dāng)中逐步改進(jìn)護(hù)理工作,積極營造和諧的護(hù)理環(huán)境,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)雙向質(zhì)量反饋[1]。護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式在女性惡性腫瘤患者中應(yīng)用的報(bào)道較少。本次對(duì)于我院女性惡性腫瘤患者PICC置管采取護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式的價(jià)值進(jìn)行分析,報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料 選取本院80例女性惡性腫瘤患者,研究時(shí)間為2021年5月—2022年4月。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患者符合惡性腫瘤標(biāo)準(zhǔn),自愿參與本次研究,可與人溝通者;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):不具備聽力者。抽簽法分組,分為一般組和探討組。探討組:年齡45~77歲,平均年齡(54.31±1.32)歲;一般組:年齡46~76歲,平均年齡(54.42±1.36)歲。采取統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)于兩組患者的一般資料進(jìn)行比較,P>0.05,具有可比性。
1.2方法 一般組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理,探討組實(shí)施護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式:①建立PICC護(hù)理小組:構(gòu)建護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋小組,由護(hù)士、醫(yī)師構(gòu)成護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋小組,并對(duì)醫(yī)護(hù)患間的責(zé)任分工進(jìn)行明確,與患者及其家屬進(jìn)行深入化信息溝通。②護(hù)患信息交流及健康宣教:護(hù)理小組成員應(yīng)及時(shí)對(duì)于患者的病理資料進(jìn)行掌握,依據(jù)患者的病情與家屬進(jìn)行有效溝通,針對(duì)患者的PICC相關(guān)知識(shí)的治療方法、并發(fā)癥防護(hù)等進(jìn)行了解,通過多類方式與患者進(jìn)行健康知識(shí)宣講。③并發(fā)癥預(yù)防護(hù)理:對(duì)于不同患者的治療情況及病情能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)個(gè)性化并發(fā)癥預(yù)防干預(yù)方案,置管當(dāng)天應(yīng)對(duì)于穿刺手臂進(jìn)行制動(dòng),預(yù)防導(dǎo)管脫落以及產(chǎn)生穿刺點(diǎn)局部滲血等并發(fā)癥。置管2d后,叮囑患者避免壓迫穿刺血管以及負(fù)重活動(dòng),適當(dāng)進(jìn)行手臂活動(dòng)有利于促進(jìn)患者血液循環(huán),避免血栓以及靜脈炎等并發(fā)癥。構(gòu)建PICC維護(hù)本,對(duì)于每次導(dǎo)管維護(hù)過程中的注意事項(xiàng)及時(shí)間進(jìn)行記錄,并結(jié)合導(dǎo)管沖洗進(jìn)行PICC專用頭及敷料更換,預(yù)防并發(fā)癥。④問題總結(jié):護(hù)理干預(yù)過程中,護(hù)患雙方應(yīng)構(gòu)建和諧的交流方法以及信息互通關(guān)系,每周對(duì)于護(hù)理干預(yù)效果及過程中產(chǎn)生的問題進(jìn)行及時(shí)反饋,并總結(jié)相應(yīng)措施、方法,依據(jù)護(hù)患溝通反饋意見完善護(hù)理干預(yù)方案。⑤護(hù)理計(jì)劃及動(dòng)態(tài)流程:應(yīng)構(gòu)建護(hù)理方案的實(shí)施效果、問題總結(jié)、效果反饋、措施整改等動(dòng)態(tài)流程,并結(jié)合個(gè)性化的精準(zhǔn)護(hù)理干預(yù)。⑥心理護(hù)理:對(duì)于患者及其家屬的置管及維護(hù)信息醫(yī)院情況進(jìn)行解釋,使患者能夠消除緊張、焦慮等不良心理,提高治療信心,并構(gòu)建醫(yī)護(hù)患之間的有效配合。
1.3觀察指標(biāo) 比較兩組PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分、護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。①PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分,PICC自我護(hù)理能力量表一般為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、日常維護(hù)、異常處理、帶管活動(dòng),評(píng)分高則代表管理能力好。②護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分量表主要為并發(fā)癥護(hù)理、基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理、操作技能、護(hù)理態(tài)度,每項(xiàng)均為20分,分?jǐn)?shù)高則表示患者護(hù)理滿意度高。③并發(fā)癥包括穿刺部位滲血、導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、導(dǎo)管堵塞、靜脈血栓。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組護(hù)理前后護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分比較 護(hù)理前,兩組護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分比較無差異(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,探討組護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分相比一般組更高,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)比意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2兩組護(hù)理前后PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分比對(duì) 護(hù)理前,兩組基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、日常維護(hù)、異常處理、帶管活動(dòng)等PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分比較無差異性(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,探討組PICC自我護(hù)理能力評(píng)分相比于一般組更高,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)比意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率對(duì)比 探討組并發(fā)癥(穿刺部位滲血、導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、導(dǎo)管堵塞、靜脈血栓)發(fā)生率相比一般組更低,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)對(duì)比意義(P<0.05),見表3。
中央靜脈穿刺置管為現(xiàn)階段女性惡性腫瘤化療的主要方法,能夠避免高濃度化療藥物與手臂靜脈產(chǎn)生直接接觸,使其出現(xiàn)血管損傷及刺激[2]。PICC化療的范圍較廣,但仍有部分患者存在導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、靜脈炎、出血等并發(fā)癥,及時(shí)有效地為其結(jié)合相應(yīng)護(hù)理具備重要意義[3]。PICC為惡性腫瘤患者化療應(yīng)用廣泛的新型置管技術(shù),能夠使腫瘤化療患者的穿刺次數(shù)減少,保護(hù)外周靜脈,但其容易產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染、導(dǎo)管堵塞、靜脈炎等相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理能夠結(jié)合護(hù)理干預(yù)前后評(píng)估、干預(yù)效果、心理干預(yù)、病情診治、并發(fā)癥預(yù)防等,屬于現(xiàn)階段臨床當(dāng)中沿用的護(hù)理干預(yù)方法。護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式能夠使患者PICC自我護(hù)理能力及護(hù)理依從性提高,并進(jìn)一步改善負(fù)性情緒[4]。護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式通過對(duì)護(hù)患間的職責(zé)分工進(jìn)行明確,能夠與護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋形式及相關(guān)工具進(jìn)行構(gòu)建,實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的信息交流。通過圖文、視頻等資料進(jìn)行PICC導(dǎo)管維護(hù)知識(shí)、置管維護(hù)、置管安全性、重要性講解。同時(shí),構(gòu)建和諧的信息以及溝通交流,提升家屬及患者的專業(yè)知識(shí)掌握度,使其護(hù)理依從性得到提高[5]。
綜上所述,護(hù)患雙向質(zhì)量反饋?zhàn)o(hù)理模式應(yīng)用在女性惡性腫瘤患者中能夠降低中央靜脈穿刺置管并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
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