胡子凡 谷雨 范育辰 戴瑋 陳文芳
[摘要]目的探討朝藿定B對(duì)脂多糖(LPS)誘導(dǎo)的BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng)的抑制作用及雌激素受體(ER)特異性阻斷劑ICI 182,780的阻斷效應(yīng)。方法常規(guī)培養(yǎng)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,加或不加朝藿定B、LPS、ICI 182,780處理,采用3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑基)-2,5二苯基溴化四唑(MTT)比色法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力,實(shí)時(shí)聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)檢測(cè)腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA的表達(dá)。結(jié)果不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活力沒有影響(P>0.05)。LPS可明顯上調(diào)促炎因子TNF-α(F=10.64,q=9.157,P<0.001)和IL-6(F=25.25,q=12.630,P<0.001)mRNA的表達(dá);1、10 μmol/L朝藿定B預(yù)處理均能明顯抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α mRNA表達(dá)上調(diào)(q=4.655、5.408,P<0.05),10 μmol/L朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)有明顯的抑制作用(q=4.696,P<0.05)。朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)的抑制作用可被ICI 182,780所阻斷(F=12.53、28.71,q=5.318、4.684,P<0.05)。結(jié)論朝藿定B能夠抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞促炎因子的表達(dá),其機(jī)制可能與ER信號(hào)途徑有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]朝藿定B;脂多糖類;炎癥;受體,雌激素;小神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞
[中圖分類號(hào)]R338.2[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2023)03-0333-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.092[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20230801.1834.004;2023-08-0211:03:43
ROLE AND MECHANISM OF EPIMEDIN B IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN BV2 MICROGLIA CELLS? HU Zifan, GU Yu, FAN Yuchen, DAI Wei, CHEN Wenfang (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of Epimedin B on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglial cells and the blocking effect of the estrogen receptor (ER)-specific blocker ICI 182,780. MethodsBV2 microglial cells were routinely cultured and treated with or without Epimedin B, LPS, and ICI 182,780. MTT colorimetry was used to measure cell viability, and real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). ResultsDifferent concentrations of Epimedin B had no effect on the viability of BV2 microglial cells (P>0.05). LPS significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α (F=10.64,q=9.157,P<0.001) and IL-6 (F=25.25,q=12.630,P<0.001). Epimedin B pretreatment at concentrations of 1 and 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited the upregulated mRNA expression of TNF-α induced by LPS (q=4.655,5.408;P<0.05), and Epimedin B at a concentration of 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited the LPS-induced mRNA expression of IL-6 (q=4.696,P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of Epimedin B on the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 could be blocked by ICI 182,780 (F=12.53,28.71;q=5.318,4.684;P<0.05). ConclusionEpimedin B can inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors induced by LPS in BV2 microglial cells, which may be associated with the ER signaling pathway.
[KEY WORDS]Epimedin B; lipopolysaccharides; inflammation; receptors, estrogen; microglia
神經(jīng)炎癥是一種復(fù)雜的先天免疫反應(yīng),能夠?qū)Σ≡w、受損細(xì)胞和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)刺激物等有害刺激做出反應(yīng)[1],在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,是神經(jīng)退行性疾病發(fā)病的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素[2-4]。在各種致炎因子的刺激下,與神經(jīng)炎癥相關(guān)的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞被過度激活,釋放促炎因子,誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)元損傷,使炎癥反應(yīng)加劇,進(jìn)而加速某些神經(jīng)退行性疾病的進(jìn)程[5-7]。因此,有效抑制小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng)是治療中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)炎癥的有益思路。淫羊藿作為傳統(tǒng)中藥,具有補(bǔ)腎壯骨、抗癌、抗抑郁、改善學(xué)習(xí)記憶等多種功效[8-10]。朝藿定B是淫羊藿總黃酮主要的活性成分,具有低毒的優(yōu)勢(shì)[11-12]。研究表明,朝藿定B具有調(diào)節(jié)炎癥和骨保護(hù)等作用,其機(jī)制可能與雌激素受體(ER)有關(guān)[13-14]。但在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),朝藿定B是否具有抗炎神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用尚未見報(bào)道。本研究應(yīng)用脂多糖(LPS)制備BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎癥
334青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)59卷
模型,探討朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng)的作用及其可能機(jī)制?,F(xiàn)將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1材料和方法
1.1主要材料
BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞屬于小鼠小膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞系,購自北京市協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院細(xì)胞資源中心;朝藿定B購自上海同田生物技術(shù)有限公司;LPS和ICI 182,780購自美國(guó)Sigma公司;DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液購自BI公司;青霉素/鏈霉素儲(chǔ)存液購自新華制藥廠,分裝后-20 ℃保存?zhèn)溆?;胎牛血清購自BI公司,分裝后-40 ℃保存?zhèn)溆茫?-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑基)-2,5二苯基溴化四唑(MTT)購自國(guó)風(fēng)生物公司,應(yīng)用濃度為0.01 mol/L的PBS溶解,配制成5 g/L的母液;TRIzol試劑購自美國(guó)Life Technologies公司;聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(PCR)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購自美國(guó)TaKaRa公司;SYBR Green(Master Mix)購自諾維贊醫(yī)療科技有限公司;PCR引物由青島蔚來生物科技有限公司設(shè)計(jì)并合成。
1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組
BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)瓶或孔板中,應(yīng)用DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)液(內(nèi)含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.01的青鏈霉素和體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.10的胎牛血清),置于無菌培養(yǎng)箱(含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2、37 ℃)中常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。
為觀察不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)細(xì)胞活力的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為對(duì)照組、不同濃度(1、10、20 μmol/L)朝藿定B組、LPS(1 g/L)與不同濃度朝藿定B合用組。為觀察不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)mRNA表達(dá)的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為對(duì)照組(A組)、LPS組(B組)、1 μmol/L朝藿定B+LPS組(C組)、10 μmol/L朝藿定B+LPS組(D組)和20 μmol/L朝藿定B+LPS組(E組)。為驗(yàn)證ICI 182,780是否能阻斷朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)的作用,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為對(duì)照組(a組)、LPS組(b組)、朝藿定B+LPS組(c組)和ICI 182,780+朝藿定B+LPS組(d組)。
1.3MTT法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力
對(duì)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞懸液進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),調(diào)整細(xì)胞的密度為8×107/L,隨后將細(xì)胞懸液均勻接種在96孔板中,每孔100 μL,置于含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。培養(yǎng)至細(xì)胞融合度達(dá)到70%時(shí),按照分組加入藥物處理24 h。棄去細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,每孔加入5 g/L濃度的MTT溶液20 μL,繼續(xù)避光培養(yǎng)4 h。吸去上清液,每孔加100 μL二甲基亞砜,使甲瓚晶體溶解。在低速搖床(80~90 r/min)上避光振蕩10 min。最后用酶標(biāo)儀在490 nm波長(zhǎng)下檢測(cè)各孔吸光度(A)值。
1.4實(shí)時(shí)聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(real-time PCR)方法檢測(cè)TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA的表達(dá)
在顯微鏡下觀察12孔板中的細(xì)胞融合度,達(dá)80%~90%時(shí)按分組進(jìn)行加藥處理。收集細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用TRIzol法提取細(xì)胞總RNA,按照TaKaRa試劑盒說明書配制兩步法反應(yīng)體系,將RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。配制20.0 μL的PCR反應(yīng)體系,包括Master Mix 10.0 μL、RNase free water 8.2 μL、上下游引物各0.4 μL以及cDNA 1.0 μL。將此反應(yīng)體系放入real-time PCR儀中進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。經(jīng)40個(gè)循環(huán)完成擴(kuò)增,采用2-△△CT法計(jì)算目的基因IL-6、TNF-α的相對(duì)表達(dá)量(以GAPDH為內(nèi)參基因)。PCR擴(kuò)增引物及其序列見表1。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用Graph Pad Prism 8.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。所得結(jié)果以±s形式表示,多組比較采用單因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),繼以Turkey法進(jìn)行組間兩兩比較。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活力的影響
MTT檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組、不同濃度(1、10、20 μmol/L)朝藿定B組、LPS與不同濃度朝藿定B合用組的細(xì)胞存活率分別為1.000±0.035、1.006±0.025、1.014±0.024、0.984±0.032、1.006±0.036、1.021±0.034、0.999±0.032(n=3)。不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活力沒有影響(P>0.05),表明實(shí)驗(yàn)所選的用藥濃度對(duì)BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞沒有毒性。
2.2不同濃度朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)的影響
real-time PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,LPS組BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)水平顯著升高(F=10.64、25.25,q=9.157、12.630,P<0.001);1、10 μmol/L朝藿定B預(yù)處理均能明顯抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α mRNA表達(dá)上調(diào)(q=4.655、5.408,P<0.05),10 μmol/L朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)有明顯的抑制作用(q=4.696,P<0.05);1、20 μmol/L朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)有一定的抑制作用,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。故選擇10 μmol/L的朝藿定B進(jìn)行后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。見表2。
2.3ICI 182,780對(duì)朝藿定B的阻斷效應(yīng)
real-time PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,朝藿定B對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)的抑制作用可以被ICI 182,780所阻斷(F=12.53、28.71,q=5.318、4.684,P<0.05)。見表3。
3討論
ER分為核受體和膜受體兩大類,經(jīng)典ER即核受體包括ERα和ERβ,其表達(dá)具有組織和細(xì)胞特異性[15]。ER可由雌激素激活,被激活的ER發(fā)生易位,進(jìn)而與靶DNA序列結(jié)合,調(diào)控基因表達(dá)[16]。ER參與多個(gè)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育和功能維持,如生殖系統(tǒng)、大腦、心臟和肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng)等。除了核受體,以G-蛋白偶聯(lián)雌激素受體(GPER)為代表的雌激素膜受體,可介導(dǎo)雌激素的快速非基因組效應(yīng),同樣在機(jī)體正常功能維持和疾病治療中發(fā)揮多種作用[17]。雌激素在相關(guān)疾病治療過程中會(huì)導(dǎo)致其受體過度表達(dá),引起組織損傷,進(jìn)一步誘發(fā)自身免疫性疾病和腫瘤等,嚴(yán)重影響疾病的治療和病人的身體健康[18]。因此,尋找補(bǔ)充或替代藥物對(duì)于治療相關(guān)疾病具有十分重要的意義。類雌激素是一種與雌激素結(jié)構(gòu)并不完全相同,但能發(fā)揮雌激素功能的物質(zhì),二者的作用機(jī)制也并不完全相同。黃酮類化合物作為一種天然植物雌激素,具有類雌激素樣作用,可改善認(rèn)知障礙,調(diào)節(jié)免疫炎癥[19-21]。在前期工作中我們鑒定了淫羊藿總黃酮指紋圖譜中的21個(gè)黃酮類化合物,證實(shí)了淫羊藿總黃酮及其含量最高的活性成分淫羊藿苷能夠?qū)股窠?jīng)毒素對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的損傷[22]。研究表明,朝藿定B為含量第二高的單體成分,能夠提高骨肉瘤細(xì)胞(UMR-106)骨保護(hù)素mRNA的表達(dá),發(fā)揮骨保護(hù)功能,其機(jī)制可能與ER有關(guān)[14]。近年來研究顯示,朝藿定B在MC3T3-E1細(xì)胞、潑尼松龍誘導(dǎo)的斑馬魚骨質(zhì)疏松模型以及骨質(zhì)疏松小鼠模型中均表現(xiàn)出很好的骨保護(hù)作用[10,12,23]。但朝藿定B能否抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng),其作用機(jī)制如何,目前尚未見報(bào)道。本研究結(jié)果顯示,1、10 μmol/L的朝藿定B能夠?qū)筁PS誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞炎癥,10 μmol/L朝藿定B作用效果最明顯,能夠顯著下調(diào)促炎因子TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA的表達(dá)。1 μmol/L藥物濃度相對(duì)較低,并不能發(fā)揮良好的保護(hù)作用,20 μmol/L濃度相對(duì)較高,可能在一定程度上抑制了部分活性,導(dǎo)致保護(hù)效果有所降低。1、10 μmol/L濃度朝藿定B可顯著降低LPS誘導(dǎo)的TNF-α mRNA的表達(dá)升高,而10 μmol/L的朝藿定B對(duì)IL-6 mRNA的作用效果更好,這可能是因?yàn)椴煌蜃訉?duì)炎癥刺激的反應(yīng)性有所不同,所以其mRNA的表達(dá)也會(huì)有一定差異。
我們最新的研究結(jié)果證實(shí),朝藿定B能夠?qū)?-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶及其活性神經(jīng)毒性代謝物1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶誘導(dǎo)的多巴胺能神經(jīng)元損傷,GPER介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)途徑參與了朝藿定B的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[24]。而朝藿定B能否通過經(jīng)典ER基因組途徑發(fā)揮抗炎作用,有待進(jìn)一步探討。本實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用ER特異性阻斷劑ICI 182,780預(yù)處理BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,結(jié)果顯示朝藿定B的抗炎作用能夠被ICI 182,780所阻斷,提示ER核受體介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)途徑參與了朝藿定B的抗炎作用。
綜上所述,朝藿定B能夠抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞促炎因子的表達(dá),其機(jī)制可能與ER信號(hào)途徑有關(guān)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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(本文編輯馬偉平)
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2023年3期