激活·素養(yǎng)解讀

實踐·讀寫整合

Xiazhi： The longest day

夏至：最長的一天

廣東 張燕

In many countries of the world， there is a day that is celebrated， without prior agree?ment， considered special by people who observe the movement of the sun. Chinese peopleattach equal importance to this day， namely the Summer Solstice， or Xiazhi in Chinese，which falls on Wednesday this year， is the tenth of the traditional Twenty?four Solar Terms.

In the Northern Hemisphere（北半球）， the Summer Solstice occurs when the sun isdirectly over the Tropic of Cancer（北回歸線）. It is the longest day of the year in terms ofdaylight. After the solstice， the subsolar point begins its migration south， and daytime grad?ually shrinks.

In Dengfeng city， central Chinas Henan Province， one ancient structure tells the storyof the observation of the sun by ancient Chinese. According to historical documents， Ji?Dan， the Duke of Zhou， a famous politician of the Western Zhou Dynasty， established a sun?dial platform（日晷臺）in Dengfeng， which at the time was considered to be the center ofthe earth， to observe the movement of the sun.

The platform is a guibiao， an ancient Chinese sundial with a gui， a horizontal scale onthe ground extending to the north， and a biao， a perpendicular（垂直的）bar standing up?right. As the sun moves， the shadow of the biao is cast on the gui， and the length of theshadow at different times helps to trace variations of the suns movement.

“It is said that the ancient Chinese found a day when the shortest shadow cast wasabout 50 centimeters， and that was the start of the hottest period of summer. That is how theSummer Solstice was discovered，”says Lyu， who is also director of the office of Dengfengchronicles.

Due to such history， people in Dengfeng highlight the Summer Solstice and celebrateits arrival with a festival featuring various activities， including paying tribute to Ji， watchingthe shadow cast by the sun on the guibiao， and art performances. Since the Summer Sol?stice is often a time when people harvest wheat， its a tradition to eat noodles. The SummerSolstice Festival in Dengfeng also includes an activity whereby nearly a thousand peopleeat noodles together.

Activity A Reading for understanding

Ⅰ. Text?centered chunks

attach equal importance to 同等重視

in terms of 依據(jù)；在……方面

be considered to be 被認為是

extend to 延伸至；擴至

be cast on 被投射在……

pay tribute to 稱贊；歌頌

Ⅱ. Text?centered sentences

1. that引導定語從句

In many countries of the world， there is a day that is celebrated， without prior agree?ment， considered special by people who observe the movement of the sun. 在世界上的許多國家，人們在沒有事先商定的情況下慶祝一下節(jié)日，觀察太陽運動的人視這個節(jié)日為特殊的日子。

【點石成金】本句中，that is celebrated為定語從句，其中關系代詞that在從句中作主語，指代先行詞a day。

【運用遷移】曾經(jīng)只生長在中國的許多花卉如今能在世界各處看到。

____________________________

2. when引導定語從句

Since the Summer Solstice is often a time when people harvest wheat， its a tradition toeat noodles. 因為夏至通常是人們收獲小麥的時候，所以吃面條是一種傳統(tǒng)。

【點石成金】本句中，when people harvest wheat意為“當人們收獲小麥的時候”，是由when引導的定語從句，其中when在定語從句中作狀語。

【運用遷移】作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他能夠獨立的時候。

_______________________

3. it用作形式主語

It is said that the ancient Chinese found a day when the shortest shadow cast wasabout 50 centimeters， and that was the start of the hottest period of summer. 據(jù)說，古代中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)有一天的影子最短約為50厘米，而那就是夏天最熱時期的開始。

【點石成金】本句中，It is said that是形式主語結構，其中It為形式主語，真正的主語是第一個that 引導的從句。It放在句首可以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子平衡。

【運用遷移】那時大家都相信中國將會步入世界強國之列。

__________________________

Activity B Reading for writing

假定你是李華，你的網(wǎng)友Jack來信詢問有關中國二十四節(jié)氣的內容，請根據(jù)以下提示，給他回一封電子郵件。

1. 你喜歡的一個節(jié)氣；

2. 節(jié)氣的具體介紹。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3. 至少需要使用定語從句或it作形式主語的結構；

4. 注意段落內的邏輯關系。

Dear Jack，

I'm glad that you are interested in the traditional Chinese Twenty?four Solar Terms.__________________

Yours，

Li Hua

寫作導引

本次的寫作任務是寫一封關于中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的介紹信，要求學生向外國朋友介紹二十四節(jié)氣中自己喜歡的一個節(jié)氣，讓朋友了解該節(jié)氣的時間、起源、活動以及意義等，并且需要使用定語從句或者it作形式主語的結構。這些寫作要求和所給語篇的主題語境是緊密相關的。我們可以通過整合同主題閱讀材料的內容和語言，梳理寫作思路和積累素材。

一、語篇解碼

（一）主題歸納

What is the text mainly about？_______________________

（二）結構梳理與內容分析

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

二、素材積累

本文是基于同一主題的閱讀和寫作，我們可以通過學習、模仿并運用閱讀中的語言表達，如詞塊和句型，積累寫作的語言素材。

（一）介紹中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的核心表達

1. fall on （節(jié)日等）適逢（某日）

2. a three?day vacation 三天的假期

3. date back to/date from 追溯到

4. observe the customs 遵守風俗習慣

5. set off fireworks 放煙花

6. put on performances 表演節(jié)目

7. visit relatives and friends 走親訪友

8. show respect for 對……表示尊敬

（二）中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的重要活動與意義

1. It is an ancient tradition to celebrate the coming of...by setting off fireworks. 通過燃放煙花慶?！牡絹硎且环N古老的傳統(tǒng)。

2. It is a day full of pleasure and laughter. 這是一個充滿歡聲笑語的日子。

3. On...， people have a big dinner with their family， talking and laughing. 在……，人們會和家人吃一頓豐盛的晚餐，有說有笑。

4. People celebrate...in honor of... 人們慶?！菫榱思o念……

（三）告知介紹信的核心表達

1. I am delighted to know you are interested in... Now Im writing to tell you the detailsof... 我很高興知道你對……感興趣?，F(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你……的細節(jié)。

2. Now Im writing to tell you how and why we Chinese people celebrate...現(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你我們中國人如何以及為什么慶?！?/p>

3. I am more than glad to receive your e?mail to know about... 我非常高興收到你來了解……的電子郵件。

4. I sincerely hope， if possible， that you can come to China to have a real experience ofit. 我真誠地希望，如果可能的話，你能來中國親自體驗一下。

5. If you have any other questions， please dont hesitate to turn to me for help. 如果你有任何其他問題，請不要猶豫，向我求助。

三、寫作支架

本次的寫作任務是寫一封關于中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣的介紹信，根據(jù)任務的要求，語篇結構可定為“告知節(jié)氣+介紹節(jié)氣具體內容+客套性結束語”。文章的框架如下：

Dear ，______

I am delighted to know you are interested in ________（節(jié)氣名稱）. Now Im writing to tell you the details of this solar term.

This solar term falls on ______（時間）. There are a variety of activities held duringthe solar term. First， it is a tradition that______ . Second， people like to______ . Last，we Chinese people ______（節(jié)氣活動）in memory of ______（節(jié)氣意義）. It is a day?full of pleasure and laughter.

I sincerely hope， if possible， that you can come to China to have a real experience ofit.

Yours，

Li Hua

四、語篇過手

根據(jù)以上提供的主題、主題表達和語篇結構，寫出書信的第一、二段。第一段告知節(jié)氣，第二段介紹節(jié)氣的具體內容，第三段以客套語結束正文?？傇~數(shù)控制在80左右。

同時，學習運用前文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的定語從句或者it作形式主語的結構等高級句型。尤其要注意表達的內在邏輯關系，段落內部是演繹關系、對比關系還是遞進關系，需要注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞。