孫望蓉
文體導(dǎo)讀
一般認(rèn)為,英語(yǔ)新聞可以分為“硬新聞(hard news)”和“軟新聞(soft news)”兩大類。硬新聞是指“純新聞消息報(bào)道”,一般都是具有時(shí)效性的客觀事實(shí)報(bào)道,如國(guó)際上的政治類新聞和社會(huì)新聞。軟新聞是指比較偏重情感、生活類的社會(huì)新聞,不太注重時(shí)效性。高考英語(yǔ)選用的英語(yǔ)新聞多屬于軟新聞,并且常常會(huì)在新聞中融入“評(píng)價(jià)”部分。
新聞作為信息傳播媒介,有著詞匯簡(jiǎn)單而具體的特點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)新聞通常使用大寫字母、戲劇性標(biāo)題、簡(jiǎn)短的段落、簡(jiǎn)潔的句子來(lái)增強(qiáng)新聞的趣味性。
策略導(dǎo)航
最常見的新聞寫作手法是“倒金字塔”法,也就是把最重要的內(nèi)容放在開頭,后面的內(nèi)容按照重要性程度依次遞減的順序,依次排列。(如下圖)
因此,新聞報(bào)道的閱讀一般采用“倒金字塔”法。新聞報(bào)道的理解需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注其導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分。導(dǎo)語(yǔ)一般以簡(jiǎn)練而生動(dòng)的文字介紹新聞事件中最重要的內(nèi)容,揭示新聞的主題,往往是最精練、最重要的部分。閱讀導(dǎo)語(yǔ)時(shí),可重點(diǎn)圈畫出基本要素,即五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”。需要注意的是,有些新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)沒有完整涵蓋五個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”,只提及其中的某幾個(gè)要素。
在閱讀時(shí),我們還需要注意區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。新聞報(bào)道中涉及“評(píng)價(jià)”部分的,一般都是詢問新聞事件涉及的特定群體對(duì)該事件的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度,借助新聞里的人物的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)報(bào)道人的某種觀點(diǎn)。我們要分清楚哪些是支撐細(xì)節(jié),哪些是觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度。此外,我們要特別留意新聞中人物的語(yǔ)言,尤其是表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的詞匯,例如形容詞。
新聞報(bào)道的寫作,也可采用“倒金字塔”法。我們可以先搭建支架,再填充相關(guān)語(yǔ)料,進(jìn)行寫作。
素材導(dǎo)背
the empty?nest elderly/empty nester 空巢老人
the old/elderly 老人
the young 年輕人
the chairman/president of the Students Union 學(xué)生會(huì)主席
reporter/journalist 記者
dream of 夢(mèng)想
take on sth 承擔(dān)某事
launch 發(fā)起;開始從事
fire 激起熱情
start 啟動(dòng);創(chuàng)辦
introduce 推行;引進(jìn)
carry on sth/doing sth 繼續(xù)某事/做某事
pay a visit to some place 參觀某地
drop in on sb 順便拜訪某人
call on sb 訪問/拜訪某人
join sb 加入某人
participate in 參加
as scheduled/planned 按照預(yù)定的時(shí)間/原計(jì)劃
Here comes the detailed information. 以下是詳細(xì)信息。
at first 首先
first of all 首先
at the beginning 從一開始;首先
at the very start 從一開始;首先
when it comes to sth 當(dāng)提到某事時(shí)
what follows is... 緊接著的是……
afterwards 以后;后來(lái)
subsequently 隨后;后來(lái);之后;接著
take care of 照顧;處理
attend 看護(hù)
chat with sb 和某人聊天
give a performance 表演節(jié)目
play games 玩游戲
I think/feel/find it+adj.+to do sth 我認(rèn)為/感覺/發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事……
Just as the saying goes, ... 正如一句名言所說(shuō),……
enrich ones life 豐富某人的生活
broaden ones horizons 開闊眼界
enlarge ones circle of friends 擴(kuò)大朋友圈
develop a sense of responsibility 培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感
案例導(dǎo)練
Feeling less lonely with hens company
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look af?ter to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善組織) to reduce loneliness andimprove elderly peoples well?being. It is also being used to help patients suffering demen?tia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use ofmedicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80?year?old Ruth Xavier. She said,“I usedto keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before Iwent to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting thehens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to seethe hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activi?ties, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the NorthEast, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on?the project, said,“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative ses?sions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said,“We are happy to be taking partin the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and cre?ative activities.”
Ⅱ. 語(yǔ)言汲取
(一)介紹事件的核心表達(dá)
1. 人物背景
staff 全體職工
elderly resident 年老的居民
local charity 當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬平M織
care home 護(hù)理中心;療養(yǎng)院
extra care manager 額外護(hù)理經(jīng)理
one of the first to do... 第一批做……的人之一
2. 事件的經(jīng)過
be down 到……
dream up 憑空想出;虛構(gòu)出
be used to do... 被用來(lái)做……
in the use of sth 某物的使用
be in use ……在使用中
used to do 過去常常做……
give sb financial support 給某人財(cái)政支援
roll out 正式推出(新產(chǎn)品);開展(新的政治運(yùn)動(dòng))
embark on 從事;著手
take part in 參加……
3. 事件的結(jié)果或意義
stop sb doing sth 阻止某人做某事
improve sbs well?being 提升某人的幸福(感)
It feels great to do sth. 做某事感覺太棒了。
welcome the idea of 欣然接受……的觀點(diǎn)
look forward to 期待……
bring benefits and fun to people 給人們帶來(lái)益處和歡樂
connect sb through sth 通過某事連接某人
4. 其他
look after 照料;照顧
(二)精彩表達(dá)
1. Among those taking part in the project is 80?year?old Ruth Xavier. 在那些參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人中就有80歲的Ruth Xavier。
本句是一個(gè)倒裝句,正常語(yǔ)序是“80?year?old Ruth Xavier is among those takingpart in the project.”,其中taking part in the project是非謂語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),修飾those。
2. There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North?East.目前在英國(guó)東北部的20家療養(yǎng)院中,有700名老年人在照料母雞。
本句是there be結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語(yǔ)是700 elderly people,其后的looking after hensin 20 care homes是動(dòng)詞?ing 形式作后置定語(yǔ)。
3. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embarkon the project, said, ... Wendy Wilson是彭福街60號(hào)的額外護(hù)理經(jīng)理,也是第一批開始此項(xiàng)目中的一員,(她)說(shuō)道……
本句的主干是Wendy Wilson said...,主語(yǔ)Wendy Wilson后跟了兩個(gè)名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street 和one of the first to embark on the project,均是Wendy Wilson的同位語(yǔ)。
Ⅲ. 句式仿寫
1. 在那些深受老年人喜愛的項(xiàng)目當(dāng)中,就有照料母雞這一項(xiàng)。
__________________________is looking after hens.
2. 在音樂室里,有30個(gè)學(xué)生在唱歌。
__________________________in the music room.
3. 李華是學(xué)生會(huì)主席,(他)說(shuō)道,他很高興看到老人們?cè)诏燄B(yǎng)院都過得很開心。
_______________________, said that he was veryhappy to see the elderly people enjoy themselves in the care home.
Ⅳ. 寫作實(shí)踐
假定你是李華,是學(xué)校英語(yǔ)廣播站的一名記者,上周日,校志愿者協(xié)會(huì)(VolunteerAssociation)的同學(xué)們?nèi)ゾ蠢显号憷先藗冞^重陽(yáng)節(jié)。請(qǐng)你為校英語(yǔ)廣播節(jié)目寫一篇英文簡(jiǎn)訊,報(bào)道本次活動(dòng),內(nèi)容包括:
1. 活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及參與人員;
2. 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容;
3. 活動(dòng)意義。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)80左右;
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3. 至少有兩處需要使用文本中解析過的句式。
Hello, everyone._______________________
評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)思