宋雅寒
在歷史的長(zhǎng)河里,曾有兩個(gè)濟(jì)南站,分別是膠濟(jì)鐵路濟(jì)南站和津浦鐵路濟(jì)南站,它們相距數(shù)百米,共同見(jiàn)證了泉城在近代史中的滄桑歲月。
歲月更迭,津浦鐵路濟(jì)南站拆除重建成為如今的濟(jì)南站,而膠濟(jì)鐵路濟(jì)南站舊址變?yōu)槟z濟(jì)鐵路博物館,獨(dú)自敘述著膠濟(jì)鐵路和兩個(gè)老火車(chē)站的故事。
膠濟(jì)鐵路始建于1899年,東起青島(當(dāng)時(shí)稱(chēng)為“膠澳”),西至濟(jì)南,全程395公里,是山東省首條鐵路,也是中國(guó)最早的鐵路之一。膠濟(jì)鐵路在修建初期,德國(guó)就計(jì)劃未來(lái)膠濟(jì)線與津浦線在濟(jì)南共用一座車(chē)站。膠濟(jì)鐵路開(kāi)通4年后,1908年津浦鐵路開(kāi)工建設(shè)。當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)正在進(jìn)行收回路權(quán)的運(yùn)動(dòng),清政府也擔(dān)心自己擁有主權(quán)的津浦鐵路在濟(jì)南與德國(guó)控制的膠濟(jì)鐵路共用一個(gè)車(chē)站后,會(huì)受制于德國(guó),所以果斷放棄了這一節(jié)省費(fèi)用的方案,另行修建了津浦鐵路濟(jì)南站。德國(guó)的計(jì)劃落空后,為了與中方抗衡,把擴(kuò)建的膠濟(jì)鐵路濟(jì)南新站選在了津浦線濟(jì)南站正南面200多米處,也就是現(xiàn)在的膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館。
兩座車(chē)站就這樣彼此“遙望”,卻互不相通,在中國(guó)鐵路史上極其罕見(jiàn)。這種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到1938年,日軍占領(lǐng)山東后,為侵華需要,將這兩座濟(jì)南站合二為一。從此津浦鐵路濟(jì)南站成為唯一的濟(jì)南站,而膠濟(jì)鐵路濟(jì)南站則被改建成了鐵路辦公用房。2016年,原“膠濟(jì)鐵路濟(jì)南站”舊址被改建成膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館,成為全國(guó)唯一一座建于百年老火車(chē)站內(nèi)的鐵路展館。
目前,膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館主樓展區(qū)面積2995平方米,室外面積3170平方米。展區(qū)分為膠濟(jì)鐵路的修建背景及過(guò)程、對(duì)山東社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響、風(fēng)雨滄桑路、邁向新時(shí)代四個(gè)主題展區(qū),和濟(jì)南兩座老火車(chē)站的前世今生、膠濟(jì)鐵路與歷史文化名人、紅色膠濟(jì)、走過(guò)百年四個(gè)專(zhuān)題展區(qū)。陳列展品759件,照片1314幅,系統(tǒng)地介紹了膠濟(jì)鐵路的發(fā)展歷程以及在近代中國(guó)歷史上所產(chǎn)生的深刻影響。
除了館內(nèi)展品,膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館整座建筑也是一份寶物。從熙熙攘攘的火車(chē)站,到落寞的辦公用房,再到重現(xiàn)昔日風(fēng)采的博物館,這幢整體粗獷厚重、融合了德式建筑嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)剛勁與復(fù)古浪漫風(fēng)格的建筑群落,已在時(shí)光中沐風(fēng)櫛雨,佇立了一個(gè)多世紀(jì)。周邊還散布著諸多德式建筑,包括德國(guó)人建造的別墅區(qū)和商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu),它們成為今天的人們了解濟(jì)南近代城市歷史的重要部分。
作為愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育的生動(dòng)載體,膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館受到許多中小學(xué)生的關(guān)注和喜愛(ài)。他們?cè)谶@里深入了解百年膠濟(jì)鐵路發(fā)展歷史,多維度立體式地感受膠濟(jì)鐵路的歷史背景、滄桑變遷、紅色故事和人文風(fēng)物等,體驗(yàn)民族精神的時(shí)代內(nèi)涵,進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神。同時(shí),博物館德式的建筑、門(mén)前的蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)、懸空的樓梯、斑斕的琉璃窗等,也吸引了無(wú)數(shù)游客前來(lái)參觀,成為濟(jì)南標(biāo)志性網(wǎng)紅打卡地。
隨著2021年底膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館青島分館的建成開(kāi)放,膠濟(jì)鐵路博物館“膠濟(jì)百年路、城市新起點(diǎn)、時(shí)代領(lǐng)跑者”的特色更加鮮明,濟(jì)南青島間高鐵模擬駕駛、膠濟(jì)鐵路百年VR5D影院相繼投入使用,讓人們可以更好地感受膠濟(jì)鐵路百年發(fā)展歷程和偉大飛躍,“體驗(yàn)”高鐵的中國(guó)速度。
編輯/郭曉娟
In the long river of history, there were two Jinan Stations, one on the Jiaoji Railway and one on the Tianjin-Pukou Railway. Several hundred meters apart, they jointly witnessed the vicissitudes of the City of Springs in modern history. As time went by, the Jinan Station on the Tianjin-Pukou Railway was demolished and rebuilt as the present-day Jinan Railway Station, and the Jinan Station on the Jiaoji Railway has become the Jiaoji Railway Museum, narrating alone the stories of the railway and the two old stations.
At present, the main building of the museum covers an exhibition area of 2,995 square meters, with an outdoor area of 3,170 square meters. The exhibition consists of four theme areas, namely the Construction Background and Process of the Jiaoji Railway, the Influence on Shandongs Socioeconomic Development, the Course of Vicissitudes, and the Way to a New Era, and four characteristic areas, namely the Past and Present of Two Jinan Railway Stations, the Jiaoji Railway and Historical & Cultural Celebrities, the Red Jiaoji Railway, and the Centenary History. With 759 exhibits and 1,314 photos on display, the museum systematically introduces the development history of the railway and its profound influence on modern Chinese history.
With the completion and opening of the Qingdao Branch of the museum at the end of 2021, the museum characterized by “the Centenary Course of the Jiaoji Railway, the New Starting Point of the City, and the Frontrunner of the Times”has appeared more distinctive.