高彩平
【摘要】目的:探討初產(chǎn)婦接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理工作對(duì)其新生兒護(hù)理及自我保健能力產(chǎn)生的影響,為提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量提供參考。方法:本次研究選擇2019年12月—2020年12月期間在我院生產(chǎn)的90例初產(chǎn)婦為觀察對(duì)象,參考數(shù)表法原則分組,對(duì)照組與觀察組人數(shù)各占一半。其中,對(duì)照組接受常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,對(duì)比兩組產(chǎn)婦新生兒護(hù)理及自我保健能力。結(jié)果:觀察組產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理正確率明顯比對(duì)照組更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組護(hù)理前的健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分并無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;護(hù)理后,觀察組健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異明顯(P<0.05),有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。護(hù)理前,觀察組產(chǎn)婦自我喂養(yǎng)能力與對(duì)照組相比并無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;護(hù)理后,觀察組產(chǎn)婦自我喂養(yǎng)能力與對(duì)照組相比差異明顯(P<0.05),可以構(gòu)成統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論:初產(chǎn)婦接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)可以提高產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理正確率,護(hù)理后的健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分更優(yōu),提高產(chǎn)婦自我喂養(yǎng)能力,值得進(jìn)一步推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理;初產(chǎn)婦;新生兒護(hù)理;自我保健能力
Effect of high quality nursing on newborn nursing and self health care ability of primipara
GAO Caiping
Dongguang County Zhaowang Town Health Center, Cangzhou, Hebei 061600, China
【Abstract】Objective: To explore the influence of highquality nursing on newborn nursing and self-care ability of primipara,so as to provide reference for improving nursing quality. Methods: In this study,90 primipara who were delivered in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the objects of observation.They were grouped according to the principle of number table method,the number of the control group and the observation group accounted for half respectively. Among them,the control group received routine nursing and the observation group received highquality nursing.The neonatal nursing and self-care abilities of the two groups were compared. Results: The correct rate of nursing care in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in health knowledge and MMSE score before nursing (P>0.05); After nursing,the health knowledge and MMSE scores in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group,and the difference was significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the self feeding ability between the observation group and the control group before nursing (P>0.05); After nursing, the self feeding ability of the observation group was significantly different from that of the control group,which could constitute a statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: High quality nursing intervention for primipara can improve the correct rate of nursing care for primipara,the health knowledge and MMSE score after nursing are better, which can improve the self feeding ability of primipara and is worth further promotion.
【Key Words】High-quality nursing; Primipara; Neonatal care; Self health care ability
對(duì)產(chǎn)婦而言,圍產(chǎn)期是特殊生理期,在此期間其更容易受到分娩的影響,機(jī)體免疫力降低,更容易出現(xiàn)心理、生理方面的變化,產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)后抑郁比較明顯,尤其是初產(chǎn)婦[1]。若產(chǎn)婦沒(méi)有得到及時(shí)、有效的護(hù)理干預(yù),那么可能會(huì)對(duì)其分娩結(jié)局產(chǎn)生影響,母嬰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生率較高。傳統(tǒng)的護(hù)理工作更多集中于生理層面,主要以產(chǎn)婦身體功能方面為核心開(kāi)展護(hù)理工作,沒(méi)有考慮到產(chǎn)婦心理層面,因此我國(guó)初產(chǎn)婦抑郁的概率較高[2-3]。隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)模式普及與完善,優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理得到廣泛推廣,獲得了更多的好評(píng),突出了人性化護(hù)理理念,產(chǎn)婦自我評(píng)價(jià)明顯提升,降低了母嬰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生率。為探討初產(chǎn)婦接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理對(duì)新生兒護(hù)理及自我保健的影響,我院開(kāi)展相關(guān)研究,具體情況作如下分析。
1.1 一般資料
本次研究選擇2019年12月—2020年12月期間在我院生產(chǎn)的90例初產(chǎn)婦為觀察對(duì)象,參考數(shù)表法原則分組,均分成對(duì)照組與觀察組。對(duì)照組,年齡23~36歲,平均年齡(29.73±2.21)歲,孕周38~42周,平均孕周(41.21±0.53)周;觀察組,年齡22~37歲,平均年齡(28.42±2.12)歲,孕周37~42周,平均孕周(40.21±0.34)周。對(duì)比兩組基本資料,結(jié)果差異不明顯(P>0.05),值得對(duì)比。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①胎心正常、單胎、B超檢查無(wú)頭盆不稱(chēng)者;②可以正常溝通交流;③產(chǎn)婦知情且自愿參與研究;④無(wú)合并產(chǎn)科疾病或妊娠病。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①排除合并冠心病、糖尿病與肺結(jié)核疾病者;②合并重要器官功能障礙者;③合并精神疾病者。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組接受常規(guī)產(chǎn)科護(hù)理,由護(hù)理人員在產(chǎn)婦孕期、產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)后進(jìn)行知識(shí)宣教,讓產(chǎn)婦了解分娩相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)、如何正確擺放體位、產(chǎn)后新生兒需要注意的問(wèn)題等。觀察組接受優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)產(chǎn)前優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理:護(hù)理人員在產(chǎn)前以通俗易懂的語(yǔ)言主動(dòng)與產(chǎn)婦溝通,溝通交流時(shí)始終以溫和的語(yǔ)氣、熱情的態(tài)度,構(gòu)建和諧的護(hù)患關(guān)系,獲得其信任。護(hù)理人員應(yīng)主動(dòng)評(píng)估產(chǎn)婦心理動(dòng)態(tài),以評(píng)估結(jié)果為依據(jù)開(kāi)展針對(duì)性的護(hù)理干預(yù),讓產(chǎn)婦不良情緒得到緩解。護(hù)理人員在產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)前耐心地給其介紹分娩知識(shí),比如呼吸方法、注意事項(xiàng)、體位擺放等,讓其掌握更多分娩與新生兒護(hù)理方面的知識(shí),鼓勵(lì)產(chǎn)婦建立良好的分娩信心,消除不良情緒,以積極的心態(tài)迎接新生兒的到來(lái)。(2)產(chǎn)時(shí)優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理:第一產(chǎn)程持續(xù)的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),且處于潛伏期,護(hù)理人員要加大力度監(jiān)測(cè)胎心,做好備產(chǎn)相關(guān)準(zhǔn)備,主動(dòng)與產(chǎn)婦溝通,給其心理與精神上的支持;主動(dòng)給產(chǎn)婦介紹正確的呼吸方法,正確的用力技巧,讓其結(jié)合宮縮情況進(jìn)行正確呼吸;宮縮間歇期時(shí),護(hù)理人員根據(jù)產(chǎn)婦具體情況為其補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng),讓其保持充沛的體力;間歇期時(shí)產(chǎn)婦可以自由活動(dòng),立足其具體情況科學(xué)選擇合適的體位。產(chǎn)程活躍期后,助產(chǎn)士對(duì)產(chǎn)婦宮縮情況、胎頭下降與產(chǎn)程進(jìn)展進(jìn)行密切觀察。第二產(chǎn)程時(shí),護(hù)理人員應(yīng)主動(dòng)幫助產(chǎn)婦擺放合適的體位,再次給其介紹呼吸、屏氣的方法與技巧;待其處于宮縮間歇期,護(hù)理人員應(yīng)協(xié)助其放松肌肉,讓其快速恢復(fù)體力,主動(dòng)與產(chǎn)婦溝通,給其按摩,保證產(chǎn)婦舒適度,分散其注意力,降低疼痛度。第三產(chǎn)程時(shí),護(hù)理人員應(yīng)在胎兒娩出后提醒產(chǎn)婦多休息,給其精神方面的支持與鼓勵(lì),讓其產(chǎn)后疲勞得以緩解。(3)產(chǎn)后優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理:護(hù)理人員應(yīng)對(duì)產(chǎn)婦分娩的情況進(jìn)行充分了解,給予其科學(xué)的產(chǎn)后指導(dǎo),預(yù)防產(chǎn)褥疾病,責(zé)任護(hù)士應(yīng)根據(jù)產(chǎn)婦具體情況制定詳細(xì)的護(hù)理計(jì)劃,指導(dǎo)其飲食上以高維生素與高蛋白為主,避免受涼;加大力度指導(dǎo)與宣傳母乳喂養(yǎng),做好新生兒撫觸技巧、沐浴、注意事項(xiàng)方面的宣傳工作,將產(chǎn)后保健、康復(fù)與新生兒護(hù)理方面知識(shí)制作成小冊(cè)子后給產(chǎn)婦發(fā)放,結(jié)合圖片、書(shū)面與視頻等方面宣教,定期開(kāi)展小講課。護(hù)理人員應(yīng)親自演示后一對(duì)一地指導(dǎo)新生兒臍帶消毒、沐浴、衣物穿戴之類(lèi)的方法;加大母乳宣教力度,給產(chǎn)婦介紹母乳喂養(yǎng)的必要性,指導(dǎo)其正確的哺乳技巧與方式。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與評(píng)價(jià)方法
觀察產(chǎn)婦新生兒護(hù)理的正確率,具體可從撫觸、沐浴、臍部護(hù)理方面著手[4]。評(píng)估產(chǎn)婦的健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分,其中,健康知識(shí)總分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表明健康知識(shí)掌握越好;MMSE評(píng)分總分50分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表明其精神狀態(tài)越好[5]。評(píng)估自我喂養(yǎng)能力從內(nèi)心活動(dòng)與技能兩個(gè)方面著手,每項(xiàng)總分100分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表明其自我喂養(yǎng)能力越理想[6]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 對(duì)比兩組產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理正確率
觀察組產(chǎn)婦護(hù)理正確率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 對(duì)比兩組產(chǎn)婦健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分
護(hù)理前,觀察組健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分與對(duì)照組相比差異不明顯(P>0.05),無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;護(hù)理后,觀察組健康知識(shí)與MMSE評(píng)分對(duì)比存在明顯的差異(P<0.05),有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 比較兩組產(chǎn)婦自我喂養(yǎng)能力
護(hù)理前,觀察組自我喂養(yǎng)能力與對(duì)照組相比并無(wú)顯著差別(P>0.05),無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;護(hù)理后,觀察組自我喂養(yǎng)能力明顯高于對(duì)照組,對(duì)比結(jié)果差異明顯(P<0.05),有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)表3。