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Neighbour Rosicky (Excerpt IV)《鄰居羅西基》(節(jié)選四)

2023-04-16 23:43:41薇拉·凱瑟曹明倫/譯析
英語世界 2023年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:埃德羅西人稱

薇拉·凱瑟 曹明倫/譯析

The boys laughed, and so did Mary. She watched the Doctor devour her biscuit and sausage, too much excited to eat anything herself. She drank her coffee and sat taking in everything about her visitor. She had known him when he was a poor country boy, and was boastfully proud of his success, always saying: “What do people go to Omaha for, to see a doctor, when we got the best one in the State right here?” If Mary liked people at all, she felt physical pleasure in the sight of them, personal exultation in any good fortune that came to them. Burleigh didnt know many women like that, but he knew she was like that.

孩子們哄然大笑,瑪麗也笑了??粗t(yī)生大口吃她做的薄餅和香腸,她高興得自己都忘了吃飯,只是坐在那兒一邊喝咖啡,一邊仔細打量著客人。當這位客人還是個鄉(xiāng)下窮孩子的時候,她就認識他了,后來這孩子有了出息,她為他感到無比驕傲,總是逢人便說:“看病干嗎要上奧馬哈去?全州最好的大夫就在我們這兒?!爆旣愐嫘南矚g誰,一看見他們就會打心眼里感到高興,就會為他們的每一點成功而暗自喜悅。伯利醫(yī)生不知道有多少女人會像她那樣,但卻知道她就是那樣的女人。

When his hunger was satisfied, he did, of course, have to tell them about Mrs. Marshall, and he noticed what a friendly interest the boys took in the matter.

口腹之饑得以滿足,當然就該為這家人講講馬歇爾太太的事了,而且醫(yī)生早就注意到,孩子們對這事都情趣盎然。

Rudolph, the oldest one (he was still living at home then), said: “The last time I was over there, she was lifting them big heavy milk-cans, and I knew she oughtnt to be doing it.”

當時還住在家里的大兒子魯?shù)婪蛘f:“上次我去他家,看見馬歇爾太太正在提那些又大又沉的奶桶,連我都知道她不該干那活兒?!?/p>

“Yes, Rudolph told me about that when he come home, and I said it wasnt right,” Mary put in warmly. “It was all right for me to do them things up to the last, for I was terrible strong, but that womans weakly. And do you think shell be able to nurse it, Ed?” She sometimes forgot to give him the title she was so proud of. “And to think of your being up all night and then not able to get a decent breakfast! I dont know whats the matter with such people.”

“是呀,魯?shù)婪蚰翘旎丶揖透艺f了這事,我當時也說不該?!爆旣悷嵝牡夭逶挼?,“這對我倒沒什么,挺著大肚子我也什么活兒都能干,因為我身子骨結(jié)實呀,可馬歇爾太太就太弱了。埃德,你說她能給那嬰兒喂奶嗎?”瑪麗有時候會忘了給埃德冠上她以之為耀的“醫(yī)生”頭銜?!跋胂氚?,你在那兒忙了個通宵,卻沒能吃上頓像樣的早飯!我真不知道那家人有啥毛病?!?/p>

“Why, Mother,” said one of the boys, “if Doctor Ed had got breakfast there, we wouldnt have him here. So you ought to be glad.”

“唷,媽媽,”小兒子約翰說,“要是埃德醫(yī)生在那兒有飯吃,他就不會來咱家吃了。所以你該高興才是呀?!?/p>

“He knows Im glad to have him, John, any time. But Im sorry for that poor woman, how bad shell feel the Doctor had to go away in the cold without his breakfast.”

“他知道我高興他來咱家吃飯,約翰,什么時候來都高興。我只是同情那個可憐的女人。她會多難過呀!這么冷的天,醫(yī)生飯都沒吃就走了。”

“I wish I had been in practice when these were getting born.” The Doctor looked down the row of close-clipped heads. “I missed some good breakfast by not being.”

“要是這些孩子出生時我就已經(jīng)開業(yè),那該多好!”醫(yī)生望著那一溜頭發(fā)剪得短短的腦袋說,“那樣我就可以多吃上幾頓香噴噴的早飯了?!?/p>

The boys began to laugh at their mother because she flushed so red, but she stood her ground and threw up her head. “I dont care, you wouldnt have got away from this house without breakfast. No doctor ever did. Id have had something ready fixed that Anton could warm up for you.”

孩子們開始沖母親發(fā)笑,因為這時她滿臉通紅,不過她保持住鎮(zhèn)定,揚起頭說:“我才不心疼幾頓飯呢,你總不能不吃飯就離開這個家吧?哪個醫(yī)生都不成。我會在臨盆之前把飯做好,到時讓安東替你熱熱就行了?!?/p>

【背景知識】《鄰居羅西基》是美國女作家薇拉·凱瑟(1873—1947)于1930年發(fā)表的一篇重要短篇小說。小說通過回憶和追述的手法,講述了波希米亞移民羅西基樸素而充實的一生,展現(xiàn)了拓荒者及其后代善良、樸素、勤勞、熱愛生活、眷念土地的可貴品質(zhì)。小說主題深刻,結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱,筆觸細膩,文字優(yōu)美,人物性格刻畫清晰,翻譯時應(yīng)注意描摹。

【第1段】 注意三點:(1)譯文把原文第二句和第三句合并成了一個句子,合并的理據(jù)是英語重形(形式),漢語重意(會意),這樣譯文用一個主語(她)配搭前后四個謂語(看著醫(yī)生……,高興得忘了吃飯、喝咖啡、打量著客人),看起來清爽,讀起來流暢,同時也保持了原文的意思;(2)原文第四句主語只有一個she,譯文用了兩個“她”,目的是為了敘述清楚;(3)譯文省略了原文第五句中的人稱代詞she和第六句中的人稱代詞he,但讀起來意思同樣清楚,同時避免了讓“她”“他”“他(們)”這些同音詞擠作一堆。

【第2段】注意兩點:(1)譯文前一個分句沒用主語(省略了原文的人稱代詞he和物主代詞his),意思依然清楚;(2)后一個分句把人稱代詞he還原成了所指代的醫(yī)生(還記得我們講過的“代詞還原”嗎?)。

【第3段】把原文括號中的插入語直接翻譯進正文,為的是讓小說(故事)“可讀、可講、可聽”[參見本刊2022年第7期“《鄰居羅西基》(節(jié)選一)”解析部分]。

【第4段】第一句中,come = came(瑪麗的英語比羅西基強,但偶爾也有閃失)。第二句中,up to the last = up to the childbirth(在分娩之前,直到臨盆)。另請注意第三句人稱代詞it還原成了所指代的嬰兒,第四句中的人稱代詞she和him分別還原成了所指代的瑪麗和埃德。

【第5—6段】譯文之所以將said one of the boys翻譯成“小兒子約翰說”,是因為瑪麗在答話中明確了這個孩子名叫約翰,而且原著后文隨之就交代了約翰是羅西基和瑪麗的小兒子(John, the youngest boy)。這種結(jié)合語篇語境的處理方法也屬于我提倡的“隱性深度翻譯”。隱性深度翻譯的目的是在不改變原文意義的前提下,使原文意義更顯明透達,譯文語言更明白曉暢。(參閱商務(wù)印書館2019年版《英漢翻譯二十講(增訂版)》第16講“當令易曉,勿失厥義——談隱性深度翻譯的實用性”。)

【第7段】注意“wish+過去完成時態(tài)賓語從句”這種虛擬語氣的譯法。假若此處原文只是“I wish I had been in practice then.”,譯成“當時我要是已開業(yè)就好了?!奔纯桑坏颂幵馁e語較長(從句中又有個時間狀語從句),故用代詞“那”字復指“要是這些孩子出生時我就已經(jīng)開業(yè)”,從而使句子讀起來更為清爽。

【第8段】注意譯文直接引語中“呢”“吧”等語氣助詞的使用。末句中的“安東”指安東·羅西基(上文有過交代),西方夫妻之間通常都親昵地直呼其名。

【小結(jié)】本次譯析談到了注意譯文主謂語的合理配搭,以便使譯文讀起來更為流暢或更加清晰;再次強調(diào)了英譯漢中的“代詞還原及其省略”(因為漢語使用代詞的頻率遠遠不及英語,或者說英語使用代詞的頻率遠遠高于漢語);另外稍稍提及了我提倡的“隱性深度翻譯”。

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