陳小鴻

(同濟(jì)大學(xué)鐵道與城市軌道交通研究院院長(zhǎng)、磁浮交通工程技術(shù)研究中心主任，教授)

2022歲末，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)了《擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃綱要(2022—2035年)》。加快基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、持續(xù)推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域補(bǔ)短板，軌道交通繼續(xù)成為投資熱點(diǎn)。

這是交通強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)的應(yīng)有之義。盡管我國(guó)城市軌道交通、高速鐵路的建設(shè)總量與建設(shè)速度位居世界第一，但相對(duì)于遼闊的國(guó)土面積、巨大的城市人口總量、更高的城市開(kāi)發(fā)密度，軌道交通仍然是城市群與都市圈健康發(fā)展、綜合交通系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的“短板”。不僅如此，當(dāng)軌道交通在特大城市與大城市成網(wǎng)、在城市群與都市圈嘗試組網(wǎng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，軌道交通建設(shè)就不再是“只要建就好”；市民的習(xí)慣已由“有地鐵、高鐵可乘”，產(chǎn)生出更高的期望與向往：期望從“有”到“優(yōu)”，向往更高質(zhì)量的軌道交通。

更高質(zhì)量的軌道交通，首先是精準(zhǔn)供給，以多元模式、創(chuàng)新技術(shù)服務(wù)更廣區(qū)域，讓更多人從軌道交通發(fā)展中受益。因此不僅需要地鐵，還需要多模式軌道交通，例如通過(guò)三個(gè)“一千公里”實(shí)現(xiàn)一張網(wǎng)、廣覆蓋，支持重點(diǎn)城市群率先建成城際鐵路網(wǎng)，推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)都市圈市域(郊)鐵路和城市軌道交通發(fā)展。軌道交通不再是只屬于“市中心”的標(biāo)識(shí)，它將能連接尋常百姓家。不僅需要大運(yùn)量的地鐵，也需要市域(郊)鐵路和多制式的低運(yùn)量城市軌道交通，使不同區(qū)域、不同人群具有更相近的“獲得感”。

更高質(zhì)量的軌道交通，還體現(xiàn)在其設(shè)施、服務(wù)乃至需求的韌性上，它將成為城市運(yùn)行支撐系統(tǒng)中最具韌性的脈絡(luò)。三年疫情，影響城市運(yùn)行和居民出行的方方面面，而軌道交通的客流量恢復(fù)總是先于其它統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)，“春江水暖鴨先知”。這也充分證明了軌道交通對(duì)于城市的極端重要性。無(wú)論其線路、車站、設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)與維護(hù)，還是運(yùn)行管控、應(yīng)急防護(hù)，乃至突發(fā)事件的疏解應(yīng)對(duì)，都需要有系統(tǒng)性、持續(xù)性的總體部署，為市民提供一個(gè)在任何情況下都值得信賴的可靠系統(tǒng)。

更高質(zhì)量的軌道交通，還在于通過(guò)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型提供更便利的服務(wù)。疫情期間的客流健康管理要求，客觀上加速了軌道交通運(yùn)行管理的智慧化轉(zhuǎn)型。各類電子化支付手段的普及特別是乘客的接受與適應(yīng)，不僅提升了出行效率，更是為“以軌道站為核心”組織城市空間及城市活動(dòng)提供了極佳的入口。依托軌道網(wǎng)絡(luò)與信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型，從軌道建設(shè)引領(lǐng)城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、到引導(dǎo)生活生產(chǎn)組織方式改變，從集約化運(yùn)輸方式、到以軌道為核心建立一站式出行平臺(tái)、組織多種交通工具延伸高品質(zhì)交通服務(wù)，是軌道交通發(fā)展新的機(jī)遇與責(zé)任。

2023，城市會(huì)讓生活更美好；高品質(zhì)的軌道交通，會(huì)讓城市更有活力、更有效率、更具韌性！

Commentary

2023, Envisioning the Higher Quality Rail Transit

CHENXiaohong

(Dean of Institute of Rail Transit of Tongji University, Director of Maglev Transportation Engineering R&D Center, Professor)

At the end of 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the State Council of the People′s Republic of China issued the Outline of the Strategic Planning for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022—2035). Infrastructure construction is prompted and weak spots in prioritized fields are bolstered. Rail transit investment continues to be under the spotlight.

The attention is inevitably called for by transportation power establishment. Even though China has the world′s largest total construction volume and fastest construction speed of urban rail transit and high-speed railway, rail transit remains the ′weak spot′ for urban clusters, healthy development of metropolises and operation of comprehensive transportation systems, in relation to China′s extensive area, enormous urban population and high urban development density. Moreover, when rail transit attempts for building networks in supercities and large-cities, and interconnecting networks among urban clusters and metropolises, rail transit construction of merely ′built′ is no longer satisfying. Citizens have become accustomed to the ′accessible ride on metros and high-speed trains′ thus further expectation is born: the higher quality rail transit from ′availability′ to ′excellency′.

Higher quality rail transit, first of all, is the precise supply in compliance with demand, benefiting the bigger crowds in more regions by diversified modes and innovative technology services. Consequently, various modes of rail transit other than metro are needed. For example, by making one-network-broad-coverage through three ′1 000-kilometre′, intercity railway network in major urban clusters is constructed as a headstart, pushing forward development of city (suburban) railway and urban rail transit in major metropolises. Rail transit will no longer be a signature of ′downtown′, but also belongs in the life of every local citizen. In addition to metro of large traffic volume, city (suburban) railway and multi-format low-volume urban rail transit are also needed, to manifest a similar sense of ′attainability′ to crowds in different regions.

Higher quality rail transit is also the resilience in facility, service and even requirements. It will be the most resilient meridian flowing through the city operation support system. In the three years of pandemic, all aspects of city operation and citizen traveling are affected, and the passenger volume recovery of rail transit shows earlier signs than other statistic indicators, ′when spring spreads warmth in river for it′s coming, the ducks know first′, which also has proven the unparalleled importance of rail transit to a city. An overall deployment with systematic and consistent approach is necessary for whether it is design and maintenance of lines, stations and equipment, or operation management-control, emergency protection and incident countermeasures, so that citizens have a substantially reliable system to turn to under all circumstances.

Higher quality rail transit is the more convenient service through digital transformation as well. Passenger flow health management requirements during pandemic has promoted the intelligent transformation of rail transit operation management externally. The widespread of various digital payments, especially passengers′ acceptance and adaptivity to it, have improved travel efficiency and invited organization of urban space and activities ′centering rail transit stations′. Relying on the prioritized digital transformation of rail transit network and information network, from rail transit construction leading urban spatial structure optimization to leading life and production organization forms to change, from intensive transport means to integrated travel platform centering railway and organizing high-quality transport service of various transport means, rail transit affords these new opportunities and responsibilities.

Better city, better life to 2023. Let high quality rail transit bring vitality, efficiency and resilience to our cities!

(TranslatedbyZHANGLiman)