劉恒花
【摘要】目的:探討中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理在產(chǎn)后抑郁中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:收集被診斷是產(chǎn)后抑郁的患者150例,治療時(shí)間在2019年10月—2022年10月,將受試者根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組,各75例,對(duì)照組采用的方式依然是之前的常規(guī)護(hù)理,研究組患者改成中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理,對(duì)比兩組患者抑郁癥狀評(píng)分變化、產(chǎn)后各康復(fù)指標(biāo)、生活質(zhì)量改善情況及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果:干預(yù)后評(píng)估患者的抑郁情況,結(jié)果是兩組的EPDS及BDI評(píng)分和之前比是有很大的變化的,即降低,尤其是研究組降低的程度比對(duì)照組更大(P<0.05);研究組產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后子宮入盆時(shí)間、惡露消失時(shí)間、泌乳始動(dòng)時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間較對(duì)照組更短,24 h內(nèi)出血量較對(duì)照組更少(P<0.05);干預(yù)后評(píng)估患者的生活質(zhì)量情況,得出結(jié)果是兩組GQOLI-74評(píng)分比之前是增長(zhǎng)的,且研究組比對(duì)照組增長(zhǎng)更加大(P<0.05);研究組患者護(hù)理滿意度(96.00%)較對(duì)照組(81.33%)更高,組間相比有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理可有效緩解患者的抑郁癥狀,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)后康復(fù),對(duì)提高產(chǎn)后抑郁患者的生活質(zhì)量及護(hù)理滿意度具有積極意義。
【關(guān)鍵詞】中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理;產(chǎn)后抑郁;EPDS評(píng)分;生活質(zhì)量
The effect of combined Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation care in postpartum depression
LIU Henghua
Gulang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuwei, Gansu 733103, China
【Abstract】Objective: to investigate the effect of combining Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation care in postpartum depression. Methods: 150 patients diagnosed as postpartum depression were collected, and the treatment period was from October 2019 to October 2022. Subjects were grouped according to the random number table method, 75 cases each. The control group still used conventional nursing, while the patients in the study group changed to rehabilitation nursing with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. The changes in depressive symptoms scores, various postpartum rehabilitation indexes, improvement in quality of life and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the depression of the patients was evaluated. The results showed that the scores of EPDS and BDI in the two groups were significantly lower than before, that is, the reduction was greater in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05). The time of uterus entry, time of disappearance of malignant fluid, time of lactation initiation and hospital stay were shorter in the study group than in the control group, and the amount of bleeding within 24 h was less than in the control group(P<0.05). After the intervention, the quality of life of the patients was evaluated, and the results showed that the GQOLI-74 scores of the two groups were increased compared with the previous ones, and the increase in the study group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05). Patient care satisfaction was higher in the study group (96.00%) than in the control group (81.33%), and there was a statistical difference between the groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation care can effectively alleviate patients depressive symptoms and promote postpartum recovery. It has positive significance in improving the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of postpartum depressed patients.
【Key Words】Combined Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation care; Postpartum depression; EPDS score; Quality of life
分娩會(huì)對(duì)產(chǎn)婦的生理和心理產(chǎn)生很大的應(yīng)激作用,不僅影響產(chǎn)后康復(fù),還會(huì)給母嬰身心健康造成不利影響[1]。產(chǎn)后抑郁屬于產(chǎn)后特有的一種精神障礙性疾病,患者常表現(xiàn)為持續(xù)性情緒低落,嚴(yán)重時(shí)則可出現(xiàn)自殺傾向或傷害新生兒的行為,因此要確保產(chǎn)后康復(fù)還需緩解產(chǎn)婦的抑郁狀態(tài)[2]。以往常規(guī)護(hù)理主要以指導(dǎo)產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后康復(fù)為主,在產(chǎn)婦情緒干預(yù)方面效果欠佳,中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理是在以往常規(guī)西醫(yī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)施相應(yīng)的中醫(yī)護(hù)理以促進(jìn)病情康復(fù)。本研究選取150例產(chǎn)后抑郁患者為研究對(duì)象,探討中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)進(jìn)行如下報(bào)道。
1.1 一般資料
收集被診斷是產(chǎn)后抑郁的患者150例,治療時(shí)間在2019年10月—2022年10月,所有孕婦均為初產(chǎn)婦,經(jīng)陰道分娩,意識(shí)清晰,溝通能力良好,充分知情后自愿配合完整相關(guān)測(cè)評(píng)工作,簽訂知情同意書(shū),且排除胎兒娩出后需進(jìn)一步接受治療、合并妊娠期并發(fā)癥、產(chǎn)前精神心理疾病、之前存在抑郁癥疾病、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、乳房手術(shù)史者。將受試者根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組,各75例。對(duì)照組,年齡21~36歲,平均年齡(29.14±4.25)歲,孕周35~41周,平均孕周(37.86±2.13)周;研究組,年齡21~36歲,平均年齡(29.23±4.16)歲,孕周36~42周,平均孕周(38.05±2.11)周。兩組患者在上述基本資料方面無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),可進(jìn)行比較。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組患者行常規(guī)西醫(yī)護(hù)理,告訴患者產(chǎn)后應(yīng)如何進(jìn)行產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)等事宜,囑產(chǎn)婦注意保暖,保持會(huì)陰清潔,合理搭配營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食,多讓其與新生兒接觸,指導(dǎo)其如何進(jìn)行母乳喂養(yǎng)等。
研究組患者則在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上行中西醫(yī)結(jié)合康復(fù)護(hù)理,具體為:(1)中醫(yī)情志護(hù)理:通過(guò)中醫(yī)辯證原理準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估患者的情志狀態(tài),向患者講解情志因素對(duì)產(chǎn)后康復(fù)的影響,耐心傾聽(tīng)患者內(nèi)心的真實(shí)想法及感受,同時(shí)運(yùn)用順情解郁、氣功調(diào)神、移情易性、暗示療法、情志相勝法等方法幫助患者保持樂(lè)觀情緒,另外指導(dǎo)患者照看新生兒,感受初為人母的喜悅及成就感,提高內(nèi)心堅(jiān)強(qiáng)度。(2)膳食調(diào)護(hù):指導(dǎo)患者高蛋白、高維生素、高熱量飲食,以清淡易消化為主,堅(jiān)持少食多餐,忌肥甘厚味及辛辣刺激食物。指導(dǎo)患者口服甘麥大棗湯以疏肝理氣、養(yǎng)心健脾。另外指導(dǎo)患者保證充足睡眠,避免耗損氣血,同時(shí)適當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng),促進(jìn)惡露排出,避免殘留敗血痰濁。(3)子宮及乳房按摩:囑患者排空膀胱取平臥位,充分暴露子宮部位,將手掌置于子宮底部以掌側(cè)小魚(yú)際線為作用點(diǎn)對(duì)子宮進(jìn)行順時(shí)針按摩,同時(shí)點(diǎn)按關(guān)元、三陰交,每次5 min。囑患者取平臥位,先用熱毛巾熱敷、清潔雙側(cè)乳房,涂抹凡士林后雙手拇指與四指分開(kāi),環(huán)抱乳房基底部手掌魚(yú)際肌從乳房根部沿乳腺導(dǎo)管向乳頭進(jìn)行按摩,并采用指腹點(diǎn)按乳中、膻中、乳根、中府等穴,每次10min,每日2次。(4)五行音樂(lè)療法:音樂(lè)曲調(diào)具有“木”之特性,對(duì)于氣結(jié)痰阻型可選擇角調(diào)式樂(lè)曲及宮調(diào)式樂(lè)曲以疏肝健脾;心脾兩虛型可選擇宮調(diào)式與徽調(diào)式樂(lè)曲以健脾養(yǎng)血;脾腎陽(yáng)虛型則選擇宮調(diào)式與羽格式樂(lè)曲以溫補(bǔ)脾腎;肝郁化火型則選擇角調(diào)式與羽格式樂(lè)曲以清肝火、滋補(bǔ)腎陰,每次30min,每日1~2次。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1 抑郁狀況比較 采用愛(ài)丁堡產(chǎn)后抑郁量表(EPDS)及貝克抑郁問(wèn)卷(BDI)來(lái)評(píng)估,前者一共是有10個(gè)項(xiàng)目,總分是30分;后者一共是有21個(gè)項(xiàng)目,總分是63分,兩量表評(píng)分越高表示抑郁癥狀越嚴(yán)重[3-4]。
1.3.2 產(chǎn)后各康復(fù)指標(biāo)比較 包括子宮入盆時(shí)間、惡露消失時(shí)間、泌乳始動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及產(chǎn)后24 h內(nèi)出血量。
1.3.3 生活質(zhì)量改善情況 采用生活質(zhì)量綜合問(wèn)卷(GQOLI-74)從生理、社會(huì)、心理、精神健康4個(gè)維度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),各維度滿分100分[5]。
1.3.4 護(hù)理滿意度比較 采用我院自擬的滿意度調(diào)查問(wèn)卷表予以統(tǒng)計(jì),調(diào)查者使用統(tǒng)一引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)讓患者根據(jù)自身的感受選擇非常滿意、滿意、不滿意三個(gè)選項(xiàng),總滿意=非常滿意+滿意。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(χ±s) 表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 抑郁狀況評(píng)分變化
干預(yù)后兩組患者EPDS及BDI評(píng)分較干預(yù)前均明顯降低,且研究組較對(duì)照組更低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 產(chǎn)后各康復(fù)指標(biāo)
研究組產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后子宮入盆時(shí)間、惡露消失時(shí)間、泌乳始動(dòng)時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間較對(duì)照組更短,24 h內(nèi)出血量較對(duì)照組更少(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分變化
干預(yù)后兩組患者GQOLI-74各維度評(píng)分較干預(yù)前均明顯升高,且研究組較對(duì)照組更高(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 護(hù)理滿意度
研究組患者護(hù)理滿意度(96.00%)較對(duì)照組(81.33%)更高,組間相比有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。