甘肅 董國(guó)勇 湖南 魯 霞
【完形填空】
Anil Bishnoi,a 48-year-old farmer from Rajasthan,has managed to save 10 000 blackbucks(印 度 羚).Over 30 years,Anil has devoted his life to the 1 of the blackbucks.He has been 2 to save them in their natural habitat,and due to 3 ,he even started an active campaign against hunters.
“I have 4 a number of hunters who believe that it’s okay to kill animals for entertainment.This is one of the reasons why I decided to 5 these animals in 1990,”Anil says.
Anil 6 a marketing campaign to stop hunters and save the blackbucks. 7 ,he used to reach the scene whenever he felt danger.He started to 8 the hunters — where they come from and how they catch the animals.Slowly,with the help of locals,he started reaching the spot to save these 9 .
Today,he works with a workforce of 3 000 10 throughout 12 districts.“Wherever we get a call from to save blackbucks,we go and make a committee there.We then deal with the situation through phone,giving them 11 on what to do according to the situation,”explains Anil.
However,in the course of saving them,Anil has been 12 many times by hunters.Many other times,he had to brave 13 climatic conditions and COVID-19 to go on a motorcycle to help these deer.In all these times,he believed in his cause and mission(使命)to save these 14 animals.
In view of Anil’s 15 work,he was awarded the Earth Hero Award by NatWest Group India.
1.A.record B.conservation
C.research D.communication
2.A.managing B.preparing
C.learning D.longing
3.A.flooding B.fighting
C.hunting D.suffering
4.A.looked for B.written down
C.rung up D.come across
5.A.support B.train
C.guard D.raise
6.A.started B.recommended
C.praised D.designed
7.A.Happily B.Initially
C.Luckily D.Surprisingly
8.A.encourage B.face
C.guide D.observe
9.A.dogs B.farmers
C.deer D.villagers
10.A.teenagers B.folks
C.officers D.doctors
11.A.instructions B.standards
C.books D.rewards
12.A.cheated B.threatened
C.helped D.persuaded
13.A.local B.cold
C.rare D.different
14.A.frightened B.young
C.innocent D.intelligent
15.A.secret B.professional
C.recent D.excellent
【命題意圖】
本文是一篇記敘文,主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然。本文采用順序的手法,主要講述了來(lái)自印度Rajasthan 的農(nóng)民 Anil Bishnoi 畢生致力于保護(hù)印度羚的故事。人與自然主題語(yǔ)境下的環(huán)境保護(hù)子主題是高考英語(yǔ)的高頻主題。本題與2021 年高考英語(yǔ)新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空的體裁、語(yǔ)篇類型一致,命題角度和考查知識(shí)點(diǎn)等接近。
【題目說(shuō)明】
本完形填空試題的預(yù)設(shè)難度為中等,共15 道題,其中7 題考查了動(dòng)詞(包含動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1 題),4 題考查了名詞,3 題考查了形容詞,1 題考查了副詞。
【考查知識(shí)與能力說(shuō)明】
本語(yǔ)篇的命題側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體故事情節(jié)的把握,尤其考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文對(duì)故事情節(jié)的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力和推理判斷能力。此外,學(xué)生還需要準(zhǔn)確分析和理解選項(xiàng)中單詞和短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的含義。其中的大部分題目,學(xué)生都可以通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境和仔細(xì)對(duì)比區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的詞義得出正確答案。
第6 題考查學(xué)生對(duì)第三段內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力;第7 題不但考查Initially 這個(gè)單詞的意思,而且也重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生對(duì)該段行文邏輯的理解和判斷能力;第12 題考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)境分析能力;第15 題考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體故事的理解能力。
在詞匯考查方面,第13 題前的 brave 考查熟詞生義,此處brave 用作動(dòng)詞,意思為“冒(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”,這個(gè)詞可能給學(xué)生解答第13 題帶來(lái)一定的難度。
【難度預(yù)測(cè)】
文章故事內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單,文章題目整體難度適中。所設(shè)題目的選項(xiàng)詞匯都是高考英語(yǔ)的高頻詞,其中具有一定難度的詞匯包括conservation(保護(hù)),observe(觀察),initially(起初),threatened(威脅),innocent(無(wú)辜的),但這些詞對(duì)中等及以上水平的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)難度不大。
15 道題目中,有區(qū)分度的題目是:
中等難度題:第4 題(考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)境的推斷能力),第8 題(考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞義的理解),第13 題(學(xué)生需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)來(lái)解答)。
較大難度題:第7 題(學(xué)生可能對(duì)詞語(yǔ)掌握不準(zhǔn)確并且不能清楚地理解本段的行文邏輯),第15 題(學(xué)生可能會(huì)受主觀判斷的影響)。
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了30 多年來(lái),來(lái)自印度Rajasthan 的48 歲農(nóng)民Anil Bishnoi 拯救印度羚的故事。
1.B 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)第一句“Anil Bishnoi,a 48-yearold farmer from Rajasthan,has managed to save 10 000 blackbucks(印度羚).”可知,30 多年來(lái),Anil 一直致力于保護(hù)印度羚。故選B。
2.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“and due to 3 ,he even started an active campaign against hunters”可知,他一直設(shè)法在它們的自然棲息地拯救它們。故選A。
3.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“he even started an active campaign against hunters”可知,由于印度羚被獵殺,他甚至開始了一場(chǎng)反對(duì)獵人的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。
4.D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知,“我”遇到過(guò)很多獵人,他們認(rèn)為可以獵殺動(dòng)物供消遣娛樂。故選D。
5.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境可知,這就是“我”在1990 年決定保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物的原因之一。故選C。
6.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“ 7 ,he used to reach the scene whenever he felt danger.”可知,Anil 開始了一場(chǎng)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng),以阻止獵人并拯救印度羚。故選A。
7.B 考查副詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可以判斷,起初,他總是在感到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。故選B。
8.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“where they come from and how they catch the animals”可知,他開始觀察獵人。故選D。
9.C 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境可知,慢慢地,在當(dāng)?shù)厝说膸椭拢_始抵達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)拯救這些羚羊。故選C。
10.B 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知,如今,他在12 個(gè)地區(qū)與3 000 名當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鸸ぷ?。故選B。
11.A 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知,然后“我們”通過(guò)電話處理情況,并根據(jù)情況給他們相應(yīng)的指示。故選A。
12.B 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“Many other times,he had to brave 13 climatic conditions and COVID-19 to go on a motorcycle to help these deer.”可知,在拯救它們的過(guò)程中,Anil 多次受到獵人的威脅。故選B。
13.B 考查形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知,還有很多次,他不得不冒著嚴(yán)寒和感染新冠病毒的危險(xiǎn)騎摩托車去幫助這些羚羊。故選B。
14.C 考查形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知,在所有這些時(shí)候,他都堅(jiān)信自己拯救這些無(wú)辜的動(dòng)物的事業(yè)和使命。故選C。
15.D 考查形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,鑒于Anil 的出色工作,他被印度NatWest 集團(tuán)授予了地球英雄獎(jiǎng)。故選D。
【詞匯積累】
entertainmentn.娛樂活動(dòng),招待,款待,娛樂
campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng)(為社會(huì)、商業(yè)或政治目的而進(jìn)行的一系列有計(jì)劃的活動(dòng));戰(zhàn)役v.參加運(yùn)動(dòng),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)
braveadj.勇敢的,無(wú)畏的v.勇敢面對(duì),冒(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),經(jīng)受(困難)
【作者單位 姓名】甘肅省積石山縣民族中學(xué) 董國(guó)勇
【完形填空】
The moment she laid eyes on Winter,Kim Cardinal knew she had to help him.The cream-coloured 1 with bright blue eyes was thin and weak,covered in 2 ,pink sores and wounds.His previous owner had hit hard times.
“People kept telling me not to buy him because he was in such bad 3 ,” says Ms.Cardinal,59.“I did it 4 .I couldn’t just leave him there.”
It was two years ago that Ms.Cardinal saved Winter.Two weeks ago,Winter saved Ms.Cardinal 5 .
It all began the night of Nov.15,as the raging(洶涌的)Nicola River 6 rapidly on the property(房屋)Ms.Cardinal 7 with her partner,Lorn Thibodeau,on Highway 8,near tiny Spences Bridge,B.C.,a town of 150.
Ms.Cardinal went out to check on Winter and a small horse and a mule who were in a stable ran parallel to the highway.She found Winter in a (n) 8 state.“He had his back up against the fence,9 as hard as he could.” When he saw Ms.Cardinal,the two-year-old horse began stepping all four feet heavily,as if he were 10 .“He was trying to tell me something.” But what?
“You okay,buddy?” Ms.Cardinal called softly as she 11 .Shining the little light behind him,she saw that half their property was gone,and in their place was a 20-foot-deep hole.
Ms.Cardinal turned and ran,12 for Mr.Thibodeau.The couple high-tailed it for a trailer on the road with the couple’s five dogs,five cats and a 13 of Great Pyrenees puppies.
Less than five minutes later,the rest of the property 14 all at once.The couple was left stunned,stranded(滯留)on the small patch of road with their animals.
“If Winter hadn’t warned me,”Ms.Cardinal says,“I would have 15 to sleep.And we’d all be gone.”
1.A.dog B.horse
C.cat D.mule
2.A.angry B.healthy
C.pretty D.nervous
3.A.colour B.price
C.size D.shape
4.A.anyway B.somehow
C.anytime D.somewhat
5.A.as usual B.at times
C.by accident D.in turn
6.A.rose B.flowed
C.declined D.winded
7.A.collects B.exchanges
C.shares D.rents
8.A.excited B.terrified
C.interested D.disappointed
9.A.biting B.jumping
C.breathing D.pushing
10.A.singing B.dancing
C.crying D.exercising
11.A.approached B.stopped
C.smiled D.ran
12.A.asking B.waiting
C.screaming D.applying
13.A.litter B.variety
C.string D.pile
14.A.gathered B.arose
C.disappeared D.broke
15.A.run away B.come out
C.gone back D.got down
【命題意圖】
本語(yǔ)篇選自《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》,語(yǔ)言原汁原味。文章講述了一匹叫Winter 的馬被他現(xiàn)在的主人Ms.Cardinal 買下并救治后,在一天晚上洪水來(lái)臨時(shí),他向主人發(fā)出警報(bào),拯救了主人一家的故事。本語(yǔ)篇的主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然,體裁為記敘文,是高考英語(yǔ)完形填空中常見的話題和體裁。本完形填空試題側(cè)重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)推斷事情的發(fā)展經(jīng)過(guò)以及對(duì)作者情感的把握能力,尤其是對(duì)文章整體的把握能力。
【題目說(shuō)明】
本語(yǔ)篇共設(shè)15 道題,其中8 題考查了動(dòng)詞(包含動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)1 題),3 題考查了名詞,1 題考查了介詞短語(yǔ),2 題考查了形容詞,1 題考查了副詞。
【考查知識(shí)與能力說(shuō)明】
根據(jù)《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求,本完形填空試題重在考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng),尤其是語(yǔ)言能力和思維品質(zhì),還涉及了部分的文化意識(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)能力。在語(yǔ)言能力方面,試題重在考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握,如第4 題考查副詞的辨析。高考英語(yǔ)重在考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞義了解的全面性,因此,本文設(shè)置了第2 題 angry 和第13 題 litter,考查學(xué)生對(duì)一詞多義的掌握情況。在思維品質(zhì)方面,試題重在考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境的分析、推理和判斷的能力,如第1、3、5、6、8、9、10、12 題均需要學(xué)生分析文章前后文才能推出答案。具體分析如下:第1 題考查學(xué)生對(duì)整篇文章的把握,根據(jù)后文“When he saw Ms.Cardinal,the two-year-old horse began stepping all four feet heavily,...”可知Winter 是一匹馬。第3 題需要學(xué)生聯(lián)系上文“...with bright blue eyes was thin and weak,...,pink sores and wounds.”并進(jìn)行邏輯推理,才能得出答案為“shape”。第10 題需要學(xué)生根據(jù)“the two-year-old horse began stepping all four feet heavily,...”進(jìn)行推理,才能得出答案為“dancing”。本文對(duì)學(xué)生文化品質(zhì)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在所選取的文章具有明顯的跨文化的特點(diǎn),在西方文化中,指代動(dòng)物用“he”或者“she”,如果學(xué)生沒有這個(gè)意識(shí),則會(huì)增加他們理解文章的難度。在學(xué)習(xí)能力方面,試題需要學(xué)生能很好地規(guī)劃自己解答完形填空試題的時(shí)間,有計(jì)劃有策略地高效完成。
【難度預(yù)測(cè)】
文章故事內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單,文章題目整體難度不大,所設(shè)題目的選項(xiàng)詞匯都是高考英語(yǔ)的高頻詞。具有一定難度的詞匯包括 angry(紅腫的),approach (靠近),litter (一窩幼崽),sores(瘍,褥瘡),property (房屋及院落,房地產(chǎn))。
15 道題中,有區(qū)分度的題目是:
題目不難但學(xué)生易錯(cuò)的題:第3 題(學(xué)生未掌握shape 一詞的含義及易根據(jù)前文的“thin and weak”推斷答案為size)
中等難度題:第6 題(考查學(xué)生對(duì)本題所在的長(zhǎng)難句的理解能力),第14 題(考查學(xué)生對(duì)上一段文章內(nèi)容的把控能力與前后兩段內(nèi)容的聯(lián)系能力);
較大難度題:第13 題(考查學(xué)生對(duì)litter 一詞的含義的掌握)。
【文章大意】
本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述一匹叫Winter 的馬被他現(xiàn)在的主人買下并救治后,在一天晚上洪水來(lái)臨時(shí),他向主人發(fā)出警報(bào),拯救了主人一家的故事。
1.B 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)下文中的“When he saw Ms.Cardinal,the two-year-old horse began stepping all four feet heavily,...”可知,Winter 是一匹馬。故選B。
2.A 考查形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“...with bright blue eyes was thin and weak,...,pink sores and wounds.”中的“thin and weak”及“sores and wounds”可知,這是描述傷口的形容詞。故選A。
3.D 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)上一句中的“thin and weak”及“People kept telling me not to buy him...”可推斷出,人們不讓“我”買下這匹馬的原因是他“不健康,外形不好”。故選D。
4.A 考查副詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)后一句“I couldn’t just leave him there.”可知,無(wú)論怎樣,“我”還是把他買了下來(lái)。故選A。
5.D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)前一句“It was two years ago that Ms.Cardinal saved Winter.”可知,兩年前Ms.Cardinal拯救了Winter,兩周前,Winter 反過(guò)來(lái)又拯救了Ms.Cardinal。故選D。
6.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“It all began the night of Nov.15,as the raging Nicola River 6 rapidly on the property ...”中raging river(洶涌的河流)及下文中“half their property was gone”可知,這次發(fā)洪水的原因是河水上漲。故選A。
7.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“...the property Ms.Cardinal 7 with her partner,”可知,“Ms.Cardinal 7 with her partner”是用來(lái)修飾property 的定語(yǔ)從句,這個(gè)財(cái)產(chǎn)為二人共享。故選C。
8.B 考查形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“...a small horse and a mule who were in a stable ran parallel to the highway.”及后句“He had his back up against the fence...”可知,Winter 意識(shí)到了洪水的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。
9.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“He had his back up against the fence...”可知,他用背頂住籬笆。故選D。
10.B 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“...horse began stepping all four feet heavily”可知,他四腳重重地跺地,就好像在跳舞。故選B。
11.A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“‘You okay,buddy?’Ms.Cardinal called softly...”可知,她在靠近時(shí)輕柔地說(shuō)“還好吧,兄弟?”。故選A。
12.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)上一段中的“she saw that half their property was gone,and in their place was a 20-foot-deep hole”可知,她看見一半的房屋不見了,在他們所在的地方還有個(gè)20 英尺的洞,因此她意識(shí)到了危險(xiǎn)的來(lái)臨,所以她尖叫地去喊Mr.Thibodeau。故選C。
13.A 考查名詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)“...with the couple’s five dogs,five cats and a 13 of Great Pyrenees puppies ”可知,“我”逃跑時(shí)帶了五只狗、五只貓和一窩大白熊犬。故選A。
14.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)前文“ ...half their property was gone”,“Less than five minutes later,the rest of the property 14 all at once.”及后文“And we’d all be gone.”可推斷出剩余的房屋也消失了。故選C。
15.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)整篇文章的內(nèi)容及最后一句“‘If Winter hadn’t warned me,’Ms.Cardinal says,‘I would have 15 to sleep.And we’d all be gone.’”可知,如果不是Winter警告我,我就會(huì)回去睡覺了,那樣我們就都不在了。表達(dá)了Cardinal 對(duì)Winter 拯救了他們性命的感激之情。故選C。
【詞匯積累】
high-tailv.迅速離開,竄逃
trailern.拖車,掛車
puppyn.小狗,幼犬
propertyn.房地產(chǎn),房屋及院落,性質(zhì)